Ch10 Sexual Orientation – Test Bank | 2nd Ed

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Student name:__________

TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1) The "T" in LGBTQIA+ stands for transsexual.

⊚ true
⊚ false

2) A bisexual is someone who is attracted sexually, emotionally, romantically, or spiritually to others regardless of his or her biological sex, gender, or orientation.

⊚ true
⊚ false

3) Seeing sexual orientation as a spectrum captures the complexity of many people's attractions and desires, which may change over time and vary in different contexts.

⊚ true
⊚ false

4) Klein's early research and newer studies revealed more bisexual orientation in the United States.

⊚ true
⊚ false

5) In the context of LGBTQ attraction or experience, more people experience attraction to the same gender than there are people who actually express their attractions and engage in sexual behavior with the same gender.

⊚ true
⊚ false

6) Studies suggest that a male's birth order can increase his odds of developing a same-gender orientation.

⊚ true
⊚ false

7) Men are more likely than women to show nonexclusive patterns of attraction.

⊚ true
⊚ false

8) Compulsory heterosexuality is the condition of being socially compelled to have sexual relationships with the other gender, be married, and have children, regardless of sexual orientation.

⊚ true
⊚ false

9) A good example of compulsory heterosexuality is a woman being socially compelled to have sexual relationships with and marry women, regardless of her sexual orientation.

⊚ true
⊚ false

10) Someone can actually be socialized as LGBTQ and can be taught to be gay.

⊚ true
⊚ false

11) Some societies still do not include the category of same-gender sexuality in their language or culture.

⊚ true
⊚ false

12) In cultures defined by gender roles, certain women were socialized into men's roles and lived as men.

⊚ true
⊚ false

13) As defined by social and political position in society, sexual identity requires the underlying sexual orientation.

⊚ true
⊚ false

14) Before the modern LGBTQ movement, police harassment just for being gay was routine.

⊚ true
⊚ false

15) The catalyst that led many in the LGBTQ community to settle in urban cities as opposed to small towns was World War II.

⊚ true
⊚ false

16) Many LGBTQ people believe that large cities are the safest spaces to live.

⊚ true
⊚ false

17) Some bisexuals have same-sex sexual attractions that they may not even be aware of due to strong social taboos.

⊚ true
⊚ false

18) Being homosexual in Mexican and Hispanic communities is sometimes associated with the cultural pattern of machismo, or being macho.

⊚ true
⊚ false

19) The theme of hidden bisexual orientation is unique to African American males.

⊚ true
⊚ false

20) Some MSM (men who have sex with men) are prominent leaders in their communities who speak out against homosexuality.

⊚ true
⊚ false

21) Many media outlets are upsetting stereotypes to foster tolerant attitudes about LGBTQ people.

⊚ true
⊚ false

22) The HIV/AIDS epidemic resulted in the striking down of LGBTQ civil rights and laws.

⊚ true
⊚ false

23) As LGBTQIA+ civil rights increased and provided some new protections, the AIDS epidemic began to recede, and people's lives were saved.

⊚ true
⊚ false

24) Even in the United States and Western European countries, where LGBTQIA+ rights are visible and growing, sexual prejudice, suspicion, stigma, and homophobia exist.

⊚ true
⊚ false

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
25) _____ is the structure of a person's sexual or romantic attractions to people of the same or the other sex or toward both sexes.

A) Habitualization
B) Sexual orientation
C) Sexual morality
D) Fertility
E) Pornography

26) _____ people are attracted to the other sex.

A) Heterosexual
B) Queer
C) Questioning
D) Homosexual
E) Bisexual

27) Women who are attracted to other women may refer to themselves as

A) heterosexual.
B) transgender.
C) lesbian.
D) straight.
E) bisexual.

28) Which of the following statements best describes bisexuality?

A) Bisexual is an umbrella term for all sexual minorities.
B) Bisexual is not a sexual orientation.
C) All sexual orientations except heterosexuality are regarded as bisexual.
D) People who are attracted to the other sex are known as bisexual.
E) A person who is attracted to men or women or both is known as bisexual.

29) Which of the following refers to a person who does not want to be classified as heterosexual and who may be questioning an attraction to people of the same sex?

A) transgender
B) LGBTQ
C) gay
D) bisexual
E) queer

30) What is the "+" in the acronymLGBTQIA+?

A) an indicator of inclusivity
B) a designation for those who are hiding their sexual orientation
C) a recognition of those who are questioning
D) an awareness of identity discrimination
E) a sign of sexual well-being

31) The phenomenon of actions being repeated frequently enough to be cast into a pattern so that they seem natural is called

A) reactionism.
B) habitualization.
C) questioning.
D) socialization.
E) institutionalization.

32) A person who is attracted sexually, emotionally, romantically, or spiritually to others regardless of their biological sex, gender, or orientation is referred to as which of the following?

A) pansexual
B) asexual
C) queer
D) questioning
E) bisexual

33) Kaya has had romantic relationships in the past, but she is not sexually attracted to other people. Kaya could best be described as

A) asexual.
B) pansexual.
C) questioning.
D) metrosexual.
E) intersex.

34) When viewing sexual orientation as a spectrum, which of the following statements is correct?

A) Bisexuality exists outside the scope of the spectrum.
B) Research has revealed a smaller spectrum of sexual orientation than was previously known.
C) Seeing sexual orientation as a spectrum weakens the understanding of the complexity of people's attractions.
D) New research reveals a greater spectrum than previously known.
E) Seeing sexual orientation as a spectrum captures the fact that it can never be changed or vary with time.

35) Which of the following observations were made from the Kinsey scale?

A) Pure homosexuals and pure heterosexuals are the rule.
B) Kinsey concluded that human sexual nature allows for a lot of flexibility of sexual expression.
C) An extremely large percentage of the males in the sample were exclusively homosexual.
D) Kinsey's scale revealed that most people tend toward the middle of the spectrum.
E) The human species displays significant similarities in sexuality, and sexual behavior is the same across entire populations.

36) The Kinsey scale of sexual orientation

A) used interviews to measure the spectrum of orientation.
B) states that pure homosexuals and pure heterosexuals are most common.
C) is based on questions measuring sexual fantasies and identities.
D) is based on questions about community identification.
E) concludes that most people tend toward one end of the spectrum or the other.

37) Regarding the Klein scale, which of the following statements is accurate?

A) Klein left out questions about community identification.
B) Klein's major finding was that significant individual differences in sexual behavior across entire populations prevailed.
C) The Klein scale did not include any questions about sexual fantasies.
D) Klein believed that people's desires and orientations are complex and may change over time.
E) Klein's research covered two distinct time periods—the present and the past.

38) Which of the following is true about the gap between sexual attraction and behavior?

A) It is studied with the aid of the Kinsey scale.
B) It is studied by Fritz Klein in detail.
C) There is no gap between people feeling sexual attractions and acting on them.
D) Men do not necessarily express their attraction in their behavior, whereas women do.
E) It is studied through the dimensions of same-gender sexuality—behavior, desire, and identity.

39) Researchers have determined four potential sources of the structure of sexual orientation, which include each of the following EXCEPT

A) viral.
B) genetic.
C) prenatal.
D) postnatal.
E) interactive biopsychosocial.

40) Which of the following fields studies how the environment can change the expression of genes, and how this environmental influence can be inherited across generations?

A) epigenetics
B) pathophysiology
C) ecology
D) microbiology
E) molecular genetics

41) When considering genes as a potential source of sexual orientation, which of the following statements is true?

A) Sexual orientation likely involves many genes acting together to produce the effect of attraction to one gender or others.
B) The influence of genes is believed to continue throughout a person's lifetime in some cultures.
C) People choose their sexual orientation.
D) Scientists have been able to establish the exclusive connection between genes and sexual orientation.
E) Genetic inheritance is sufficient to explain variation of sexual orientation within a family or differences among individuals.

42) Regarding genes as a potential source of sexual orientation,

A) the connections between genes and behavioral traits have been scientifically established.
B) genes can produce the effect of attraction to one gender or the other and to express it.
C) genetic inheritance often cannot explain variation within a family or differences among individuals.
D) genes create speech centers in the brain and dictate parental love and the cultural environment that help in expressing sexual attraction.
E) it is assumed that if genes or DNA cause sexual orientation, then the orientation is not present at birth.

43) Regarding genes as a potential source of sexual orientation,

A) genes have been found to be irrelevant.
B) twin studies show how the combination of genetics and interactive biopsychosocial sources may explain sexual orientation.
C) it is now scientifically possible to establish connections between genes and behavioral traits, including sexual orientation.
D) the occurrence of sexual orientation involves a single gene that produces the effect of attraction to one gender or the other.
E) timing and maturation of the human body has been found to be insignificant in the development of sexual orientation.

44) In considering prenatal sources of sexual orientation, researchers conclude that

A) prenatal androgen hormones circulating in the mother's body cause the tendency of her offspring to be heterosexual.
B) each older brother reduces a younger brother's odds of developing a homosexual orientation.
C) hormonal sources can establish a tendency in sexual orientation development, but they cannot predict that this tendency will be manifest in adulthood.
D) each older brother increases the odds of higher levels of male sex hormones in the prenatal environment.
E) twin studies suggest a connection between maternal hormones and a lower chance of being homosexual.

45) Which of the following do those who study prenatal sources of sexual orientation most typically consider?

A) social class
B) genetics
C) blood type
D) hormones
E) maternal prenatal care

46) The rapid early learning process by which a newborn establishes a behavior pattern of recognition and attraction to another animal of its own kind or to an object identified as the parent is called

A) imprinting.
B) ethology.
C) evolution.
D) etoecology.
E) phylogeny.

47) Which of the following statements is true with regard to the research into imprinting as a potential cause of sexual orientation?

A) Imprinting appeals to sexual orientation theorists, as it deals with early sexual experiences.
B) Imprinting is a factor in the sexual development of other mammals' sexual orientation, but its scope is unclear in humans.
C) Imprinting implicitly communicates an infant's sexual feelings to its parents.
D) Imprinting is one of the major behavioral and cognitive mechanisms that can help a newborn reach sexual maturity faster.
E) Imprinting is present in humans but not in other mammals.

48) The interactive biopsychosocial approach suggests that

A) the evidence linking male siblings by sexual orientation is much weaker than for females.
B) sexuality is a behavioral and cognitive process that is later reinforced by imprinting experiences.
C) an individual with a biosocial tendency to be attracted to the same sex is likely to pass on the tendency to his or her offspring.
D) starting in early life, biological, psychological, and social factors interact to produce sexual attractions and sexual orientation.
E) the source of sexual orientation is conscious learning and teaching.

49) The theory that suggests that biological, psychological, and social factors work together to produce sexual attractions and feelings and perhaps sexual orientation is known as the

A) imprinting theory.
B) interactive biopsychosocial approach.
C) habitualization theory.
D) reductionistic perspective.
E) causality theory.

50) The condition of being socially compelled to have sexual relationships with the other gender, be married, and have children, regardless of sexual orientation, is called

A) heterosexism.
B) compulsory heterosexuality.
C) the lesbian continuum.
D) habitualization.
E) questioning.

51) Which of the following is true of compulsory heterosexuality?

A) For people with diverse attractions and orientations, heterosexuality seems natural.
B) Compulsory heterosexuality is neither socially nor sexually oppressive.
C) Social mandates of compulsory heterosexuality discourage individuals from hiding, disguising, or otherwise altering their sexual attractions and relationships to conform to society.
D) Compulsory heterosexuality allows those with diverse attractions and orientations to live an open and sexually fulfilled life.
E) Compulsory heterosexuality is the condition of being socially compelled to have sexual relationships with the other gender, be married, and have children, regardless of sexual orientation.

52) Which of the following is a possible outcome of compulsory heterosexuality?

A) Men are socially compelled to have sexual relationships with and marry men, regardless of their sexual orientation.
B) People with diverse attractions and orientations feel fulfilled, and conforming to heterosexuality seems natural to them.
C) Compulsory heterosexuality encourages the free expression of sexual individuality among some women, men, and minorities, including LGBTQ people.
D) Certain individuals and groups may hide, disguise, or otherwise alter their sexual attractions and relationships to conform to society.
E) By default, women will have to adopt lesbianism as their preferred mode, even if they are straight by nature.

53) Two men, Quinton and Bilal, are deeply attracted to each other and have a sexual relationship. However, they are both married to women and have children. This is an example of an effect of

A) imprinting.
B) compulsory heterosexuality.
C) increasing incidences of homosexuality.
D) habitualization.
E) questioning.

54) Which of the following may occur as a result of the condition of compulsory heterosexuality?

A) Some individuals experience a shift in their attractions or behaviors long after they have socially adapted to living up to the heterosexual norm.
B) Heterosexual women feel coerced to have sexual relationships with and marry men.
C) Feminists uphold compulsory heterosexuality as a basic tool to control male dominance.
D) Diverse attractions and orientations will disappear in the society.
E) Free expression of sexual individuality among some women, men, and minorities, including LGBTQ people, will be encouraged.

55) Dana has a secret sexual relationship with her sorority sister Mona. Dana cannot, however, be overt about her sexual preference, as her religion requires her to marry a man and have children with him. This situation is a reflection of

A) heterosexuality.
B) compulsory heterosexuality.
C) sexual individuality.
D) imprinting.
E) asexuality.

56) Which of the following is true regarding sexual individuality?

A) Sexual socialization does not influence sexual individuality.
B) Families cannot teach norms that influence sexual individuality.
C) The integration of sexual individuality with sexual orientation is vital to sexual well-being.
D) Sexual individuality is inherently present from birth and is not an acquired expression of self.
E) Early experiences of one's body and early feelings about other people's bodies cannot influence the sexual individuality expressed later.

57) Which of the following cultures tend to be the most tolerant of same-gender relationships?

A) cultures that enforce compulsory heterosexuality
B) cultures defined by age difference
C) cultures that do not recognize homosexuality
D) cultures defined by gender roles
E) cultures that are hierarchically structured

58) Cultures in which relationships were allowed between older married men and younger men in their late teens and early 20s are identified as

A) having enforced compulsory heterosexuality.
B) defined by age difference.
C) refusing to recognize homosexuality.
D) defined by gender difference.
E) defined by role difference.

59) Which of the following most accurately describes cultures in which males who had same-sex attractions lived as women?

A) cultures that enforced compulsory heterosexuality
B) cultures defined by age difference
C) cultures that do not recognize homosexuality
D) cultural variation in sexual orientation based on gender
E) cultural variation in sexual orientation based on hierarchy

60) Cultures in which same-sex relationships were allowed for males who performed as actors on stage or in certain religious institutions are identified as

A) cultures that enforced compulsory heterosexuality.
B) cultures defined by age difference.
C) cultures that did not recognize homosexuality.
D) cultures defined by gender difference.
E) cultures defined by role difference.

61) Historically, the Sambia of Papua New Guinea had a sexual norm by which older Sambia men were attracted only to prepubertal boys ages 7 to 13; the moment a boy showed the first signs of manhood, especially facial hair, they were no longer attracted to him. This is an example of a culture that structures same-gender relationships

A) following compulsory heterosexuality.
B) as defined by age difference.
C) in deference to homosexuality.
D) as defined by gender difference.
E) as defined by role difference.

62) Bianca, a small hamlet in Kormon, follows the practice of letting women live as either men or women, depending on their unique gender identity. Even as children, females are allowed to choose their own gender-defined sexual expressions and to have a same-sex relationship if they wish. This is an example of a culture that allows same-sex relationships that are

A) following compulsory heterosexuality.
B) defined by age difference.
C) not a form of homosexuality.
D) defined by gender-role difference.
E) defined by role difference.

63) In the modern period, women began to dress in men's clothes to gain position and status. This reflects a cultural variation in sexual orientation

A) following compulsory heterosexuality.
B) defined by age difference.
C) that is ignorant of or does not recognize homosexuality.
D) defined by gender difference.
E) defined by gender role.

64) Someone with an interest in wearing clothing typical of the other gender is called

A) a transvestite.
B) transgender.
C) bisexual.
D) a transsexual.
E) queer.

65) In the context of the history of homosexuality in the United States, which of the following is true?

A) Police harassment just for being gay was rare.
B) It was illegal to arrest two men or two women dancing together.
C) Two men or two women caught having sex could be imprisoned.
D) Two men or two women holding hands could not lead to arrest.
E) Doctors considered homosexuality normal.

66) Before the modern LGBTQ movement, which of the following practices was common?

A) Electric shock treatment was given to check for an individual's sexual orientation.
B) The clergy considered LGBTQ people as creations of God, like all others.
C) Homosexuals feared that they were physically and mentally diseased.
D) Homosexual people were blackmailed and stood to lose their citizenship.
E) Many homosexual people joined mental hospitals to change their sexual orientation.

67) Sexual geography refers to the

A) set of cultures that enforce compulsory heterosexuality.
B) cities and neighborhoods that allowed relationships between older men and younger men.
C) cities and neighborhoods that allowed same-sex relationships among stage actors.
D) set of cities where the LGBTQ movement originated and fought its most notable battles.
E) cities and neighborhoods to which sexual minorities migrate as safe places to live.

68) In the rural town of Sunnyvale, the LGBTQ population is very sparse. Most of the state's LGBTQ population live in the two nearest cities, where there is a diverse, tolerant, and anonymous population. This distribution of sexual minorities is an example of

A) sexual prejudice.
B) habitualization.
C) sexual geography.
D) the interactive biopsychosocial approach.
E) homophobia.

69) Many LGBTQ people believe that large cities are the safest spaces to live because

A) living in distinct neighborhoods or social spaces that are gay-friendly is impractical.
B) large cities have diverse, tolerant, and anonymous populations.
C) it cannot be seen that people with different sexual orientations live in particular cities.
D) the distribution of LGBTQ populations is largely equal.
E) people in modern times generally hide their sexual orientation and consider themselves alone in the world with same-sex attractions.

70) Which of the following is true of opinions on bisexuality in the 19th century?

A) Medical sexologists saw bisexuality as a form of mental and physical disease.
B) Bisexuals were openly accepted as members of the heterosexual community.
C) Bisexuals were openly accepted as members of the homosexual community.
D) Bisexual people did not need to pretend to be either heterosexual or gay in order to be accepted by homosexuals.
E) Individuals who were bisexual were thought to be emotionally mature and were highly regarded socially and psychologically.

71) Amanda, a girl in her teens, is considering coming out about her sexual orientation. She is conscious of a strong attraction to boys from her childhood, but she now realizes that she is also attracted to her female classmates. As she ages, Amanda realizes that she is able to keep up sexual relationships with both men and women. Which of the following best describes Amanda's sexual orientation?

A) lesbian
B) heterosexual
C) bisexual
D) female sexual fluidity
E) pansexual

72) Which of the following is true of bisexuality?

A) Bisexuals are not restricted by the strong barriers their culture erects against expressing same-sex sexual attractions.
B) Bisexuals may live their entire life only living one side of their sexual feelings, heterosexuality.
C) The taboo against expressing same-sex sexual attractions does not affect bisexuals.
D) Marriage, religion, and social values can help bisexuals bypass the barriers against same-sex sexual attractions and behaviors.
E) Bisexuals need not hide their homosexual orientation to avoid severe punishment or ostracism.

73) Which of the following is an African American term that refers to a man who hides his sexual orientation?

A) gay
B) fag
C) butch
D) BODL (being on the down low)
E) LGBTQ

74) Being on the down low sometimes occurs

A) when conditions of compulsory heterosexuality are removed from a society.
B) because African American clergy act supportively toward homosexuality among their church members.
C) because of the African American community's cultural rule requiring marriage and children to carry on their heritage.
D) when the clergy are secretly heterosexuals who are married with children and openly have sexual relationships with other males.
E) due to pastors, deacons, or choir members who are themselves openly gay and support homosexuality among their church members.

75) Which of the following is true of men who have sex with men (MSM)?

A) They include men who are married or date women and also have sex with other men.
B) MSM are most common in countries that are supportive of the homosexual identity.
C) MSM's practices usually lead to compulsory heterosexuality.
D) Men who have sex with men do not have wives or female sexual partners.
E) MSM live socially as homosexuals and rarely marry.

76) Which of the following is true of MSM?

A) MSM may speak out against homosexuality while carrying on secret sexual relationships with male lovers.
B) MSM by definition openly identify as gay or homosexual or LGBTQ.
C) Heterosexuals in some cultures or communities may refer to themselves as being MSM.
D) MSM are heterosexuals, but they live socially as homosexuals and never marry.
E) MSM are transvestites who do not have same-sex attractions.

77) A form of sexual expression that is more situation-dependent and perhaps more open to the characteristics of the individual, rather than focusing so much on the anatomy, is called

A) sexual awareness.
B) sexual promiscuity.
C) sexual fluidity.
D) transsexualism.
E) heterosexism.

78) Female sexual fluidity is

A) a sexual orientation.
B) the same as bisexuality.
C) a form of polygamy.
D) a legal avenue for women to serve as sex workers.
E) a form of sexual plasticity among women.

79) Kiera is a lesbian woman in her 50s. She was married to a heterosexual man and divorced after having three children. She has now formed a special bond with a very sympathetic, gentle, and generous woman who is older than herself. Kiera is now engaging in sexual relations with the older woman. Which of the following sexual identities best describes Kiera?

A) lesbian
B) heterosexual
C) transsexual
D) transgender
E) sexually fluid

80) In the research done by Lisa Diamond, the capacity for some individuals to have context-dependent changes in their erotic response is referred to as

A) stig.
B) questioning.
C) homonegativity.
D) asexuality.
E) pansexuality.

81) Psychologist Lisa Diamond's study of the sexual fluidity of women has provided which of the following findings?

A) Women in their 20s and 30s feel strong attractions to other women and invariably change their sexual orientation.
B) Female sexual fluidity indicates that women can be attracted to another's gender and anatomy but not personality.
C) Many women who started out as lesbian or bisexual in sexual attraction, sexual behavior, or sexual identity later change to heterosexuality.
D) The evidence contradicts the idea that older lesbians have a fairly high level of prior heterosexual relationships with men.
E) The evidence points to a trend that may allow for more sexual fluidity in men than in women.

82) Lindsay, a woman in her 40s, has lived as a heterosexual all her life. She is married, has children, and is now beginning to feel an attraction to her boss at work, who is a powerful and extremely successful woman. Lindsay does not have sexual fantasies about her co-worker, however, nor does she wish to express her feelings to her boss.This situation is an example of

A) sexual prejudice.
B) homosexuality.
C) female sexual fluidity.
D) bisexuality.
E) questioning.

83) Which of the following phenomena reveals that culture and gender and sexual expression are changing?

A) compulsory heterosexuality
B) female sexual fluidity
C) heterosexism
D) transphobia
E) homophobia

84) Which of the following situations indicates questioning?

A) A person refuses to experiment with his or her sexual orientation.
B) A person is in conformity with the compulsory heterosexuality advocated by his or her society.
C) A person asserts that he or she has no sexual orientation.
D) A person wants to explore sexual attractions and feelings for the same gender without abandoning his or her social identity as being heterosexual or bisexual.
E) A person has not given any thought to sexual attraction, sexual behavior, or sexual identity.

85) Extreme disapproval attached to someone who deviates from socially and culturally acceptable standards of behavior, turning the person into a social outcast, is called

A) dogma.
B) fluidity.
C) stigma.
D) apartheid.
E) sexual prejudice.

86) Carol has lived alone, away from family and friends, since high school. She recognized and established herself as a lesbian in a big city. But whenever she attends parties or goes visiting back home, she finds people asking inappropriate questions and giving her digs about her sexual orientation. As time progresses, Carol's friends and family do not invite her to gatherings and cut her off from regular contact. This leaves Carol questioning her identity and preferences, and this affects her sexual well-being. The best term for what Carol is experiencing is

A) stigma.
B) minority stress.
C) a hate crime.
D) a family of choice.
E) sexual fluidity.

87) Irrational hatred directed toward people because of their sexual orientation or sexual behavior is called

A) stigma.
B) racism.
C) homophobia.
D) sexual prejudice.
E) sexual fluidity.

88) Damon, a college freshman, has been interested in Jack for a long time. He expresses his sexual interest, and Jack reciprocates it. Other young men in their dorm get to know of this relationship and force Damon and Jack to move out of the dorm, as they fear that the gay tendency can spread among the others. This situation is an example of

A) a hate crime.
B) sexual plasticity.
C) homophobia.
D) racism.
E) minority stress.

89) Alex harbors negative perceptions about anyone he thinks might be LGBTQIA+. Alex's negative social perceptions are best referred to as

A) homonegativity.
B) minority stress.
C) stig.
D) a hate crime.
E) sexual fluidity.

90) Chronic health effects of homophobia, such as high blood pressure and depression, are called

A) stigma.
B) sexual prejudice.
C) homophobia.
D) inequality in disease.
E) minority stress.

91) Juan and Andre are college roommates. Andre becomes suspicious of Juan's sexual orientation and tries, on several occasions, to walk in on Juan when he is in his room with his other friends. He also challenges Juan to prove that he has straight sexual partners. In reality,Juan is straight, but he feels stressed and humiliated by this treatment.Which of the following phenomena is Juan experiencing?

A) stigma
B) sexual prejudice
C) homophobia
D) gender stereotyping
E) transphobia

92) Negative stereotypes or beliefs about LGBTQIA+ people that a person may absorb from societal hostility toward them are known as

A) minority stress.
B) stigma.
C) sexual prejudice.
D) internalized homophobia.
E) heterophobia.

93) Pete has grown up in a situation in which his family, teachers, and religious community have always spoken negatively about homosexuality. He does not even know that LGBTQIA+ is a major movement, until he is invited to participate in a gay pride parade and show his support for it at his workplace.Pete shuns the parade. He gets together with a childhood friend, and together, they make fun of the whole concept of homosexuality.Pete is best described as showing

A) minority stress.
B) stigma.
C) sexual prejudice.
D) internalized homophobia.
E) transphobia.

94) An act of aggression or hatred targeted toward someone because of religion, race, or sexual orientation is called

A) a hate crime.
B) homophobia.
C) transphobia.
D) minority stress.
E) internalized homophobia.

95) An act of aggression or hatred targeted toward someone because of his or her same-gender sexuality stems from

A) transphobia.
B) homophobia.
C) person-based attraction.
D) sexual fluidity.
E) habitualization.

96) Which of the following is a reason the rate of coming out and being open about a nonnormative sexual orientation is low?

A) The progress surrounding the related human rights is low.
B) The progress surrounding the sexual orientation rights of LGBTQ people is low.
C) Positive role models of LGBTQ life are not seen on television.
D) Integrating sexuality and self-awareness in the context of social disapproval, which still exists, is a difficult task for many.
E) Verbal harassment, bullying, or assault of LGBTQ youths due to their sexual orientation and their gender identity expression has disappeared from schools and colleges.

97) According to recent studies on social acceptance, which of the following is true about people openly expressing their sexual orientation?

A) When it is known someone is openly gay or lesbian, the positive regard for gay men and lesbian women declines.
B) When principals, teachers, parents, and community members speak out in support of LGBTQ people, hate crimes increase in magnitude and frequency.
C) Openly gay and lesbian adolescents and their straight peers are found to be equally able to project positive futures up to roughly the same age, in spite of stigma and discrimination.
D) It is unnecessary for LGBTQ people to actually be visible and out in society to increase social acceptance.
E) The availability of positive role models to help inspire young LGBTQ people helps them have a hopeful sense of a future.

98) Being out about nonnormative sexual orientations

A) is to be discouraged by peers, parents, and teachers, as the steps can be scary and hard.
B) is important for LGBTQ people to increase social acceptance.
C) is unnecessary in increasing understanding of the impact of stigma and discrimination on the lives of gay and lesbian people.
D) does not require individuals to muster much in the way of their courage and resources.
E) cannot help heterosexual friends and family understand the related issues, such as being denied jobs, health insurance, or marriage.

99) The process of being out

A) is the same whether someone is a young teen or a young adult or older.
B) does not require consideration of the context, time, or people to whom one talks with about doing so.
C) can be begun by gathering support materials from organizations on campus and online.
D) means hiding one's sexual orientation from the general public.
E) does not require one to know any ethical information.

100) Which of the following is true about LGBTQ people?

A) They were historically allowed to love each other.
B) They were historically urged to treat other gay men and lesbian women with dignity and equality.
C) Even today, it is impossible to find love and to create family with other LGBTQ people.
D) Until the 1960s, gay men felt they could only love or have sex with heterosexual men, not other gay men.
E) LGBTQ people experience a lower likelihood of sexual well-being when they integrate sexual orientation into their families and familial relationships.

101) Rhonda, a woman in her 40s, was ostracized by her family after she declared that she is a lesbian. She sought the assistance of an LGBTQ support organization, and this way she got in touch with other people her age, some others who were older than herself, and even young children, who were gay or bisexual. She formed extremely close and sympathetic relationships with these people. They even celebrate traditional holidays like Thanksgiving together. The new people in Rhonda's life can be called her

A) biological family.
B) family of choice.
C) extended family.
D) genetic family.
E) pseudo family.

102) A group composed of those intimate partners or legally married spouses, close friends, and neighbors who feel so close to each other that they celebrate holidays and birthdays together is considered

A) a family of choice.
B) a biological family.
C) an unrelated family.
D) men who have sex with men (MSM).
E) being on the down low (BODL).

103) Which of the following is true of same-gender couples who wish to have children?

A) They cannot rear children, as social norms prohibit the formation of such families.
B) They can have their own biological offspring through artificial insemination.
C) Support structures such as helpful neighbors and babysitters are the same as they are for heterosexual couples.
D) Lesbian and gay couples pay extra taxes and higher prices for the necessary goods than straight couples.
E) Federal law prevents same-gender couples from rearing children.

104) In the context of sexual orientation as a human right, it is accurate to say that

A) achieving sexual well-being for all sexual minorities is part of the World Health Organization's definition of sexual health.
B) the United Nations is opposed to the idea of sexual orientation as a human right.
C) the HIV/AIDS epidemic has been insignificant in bringing about a positive change in LGBTQ human rights.
D) homophobic attitudes in medicine, science, religion, and society at large have begun to increase.
E) as gay rights expand globally, there is less of a chance that effective HIV policies will extend to health and sexual well-being for all people.

105) Amelia, a teenage girl, comes out to her parents about her attraction to girls. Her parents and family discourage her and, in time, force her to have a heterosexual marriage. This results in many problems for Amelia's sexual well-being. In this case, which of the following rights has been denied to Amelia?

A) freedom of speech
B) due process
C) LGBTQIA+ human rights
D) LGBTQIA+ civil rights
E) inalienable rights

FILL IN THE BLANK. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
106) Researchers have found that sexual orientationsexiston a(n) _____ and range from being exclusively heterosexual to being exclusive homosexual.

107) Someone who is _____ is attracted sexually, emotionally, romantically, or spiritually to others regardless of their biological sex, gender, or orientation.

108) The _____ biopsychosocial approach suggests that, starting in early development, biological, psychological, and social factors work together to produce sexual attractions and sexual orientation.

109) Someone with an interest in wearing clothing typical of the other gender is called a(n) _____.

110) The idea that people with different sexual orientations live in particular cities and even distinct neighborhoods or social spaces that are "safe" and more gay-friendly is referred to as sexual _____.

111) Being on the _____ low is an African American term for a man who hides his sexual orientation.

112) Sexual plasticity is also referred to as sexual _____ and is a form of sexual expression that is more situation-dependent and perhaps more open to the characteristics of the individual, rather than focusing so much on a person's anatomy.

113) _____ is extreme disapproval attached to someone who deviates from socially and culturally acceptable standards of behavior, turning the person into a social outcast.

114) The general intolerance and hostility directed toward people because of their sexual orientation or sexual behavior is called sexual _____.

115) The negative stereotypes or beliefs about LGBTQIA+ people that a person may absorb from societal hostility are called _____ homophobia.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
116) Explain the factors that contribute to sexual orientation.

117) Describe compulsory heterosexuality and how society may influence the expression of sexual orientation.

118) Discuss the various same-gender relationships across cultures as structured by differences in age, gender, and roles.

119) Explain LGBTQIA+ and name and define what each of the letters in the abbreviation stands for.

120) Explain the difference between bisexuality and sexual fluidity.

121) Describe briefly the nature of sexual prejudice and the various forms of homophobia.

122) Explain hate crimes and the factors that contribute to them.

123) Describe the social and related pressures of coming out about one's sexual orientation.

124) What are the various steps in deciding to be out socially?

125) Explain LGBTQ family formation.

126) Describe where we stand today in terms of laws and policies about sexual rights and the concept that "gay rights are human rights."

SECTION BREAK. Answer all the part questions.
127) Bill, a gay man, grew up in a small town where awareness of the LGBTQ movement is low and hostility toward LGBTQ people has been high for many generations. For this reason, Bill keeps his sexual orientation under wraps. At a college graduation party, however, some of his peers make him confess to his sexual orientation. After this incident, he is at the receiving end of many discriminatory jokes and remarks. One day, a band of youngsters from college round up Bill and threaten to kill him if he does not change his sexual preference. The next day, they push him off a building, leading to his death.

127.1) Bill's peers may have been influenced by the overt beliefs of the townsfolk as they were growing up, indicating his peers possessed which of the following beliefs?

A) person-based attraction
B) fluidity
C) transphobia
D) minority stress
E) internalized homophobia

127.2) Bill's death is an example of

A) person-based attraction.
B) fluidity.
C) transphobia.
D) a hate crime.
E) internalized homophobia.