Chapter 10: How Does Gender Affect What You Watch, What You Read, and What You Play?

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. According to ______, studio executives have gendered status expectations. They expect women to write romantic comedy scripts and male screenwriters to produce action, horror, and thriller scripts.

A. status characteristics theory

B. doing gender theory

C. feminist theory

D. status inconsistency theory

Answer Location: Women Making Movies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Breonna heard about the Bechdel-Wallace Test and wants to see if the movie she watches tonight will pass the test. To do so, she will have to note whether there’s at least two named women characters who______.

A. share a love interest

B. have professional careers

C. participate in political actions to promote women’s rights

D. have a conversation about something other than a man

Answer Location: The Bechdel Test

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Screenwriters were historically ______ but today are mostly ______.

A. men, women

B. men, still men

C. women, still women

D. women, men

Answer Location: Gender and the History of Screenwriting

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Female executives in television are more likely to be confined to divisions such as_________programming.

A. News and entertainment

B. Sports

C. Health

D. Children’s

Answer Location: Gender and the History of Screenwriting

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. ______ is a sales approach through which corporations divide a large and diverse market for a product into smaller, homogeneous groups based on characteristics like gender, social class, and race.

A. Commodification

B. False consciousness

C. Market segmentation

D. Media power

Answer Location: Gender, Advertising, and the Commodification of Gender

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Turning any object, idea, or behavior into something that can be bought and sold is known as:

A. Commodification

B. Economic determinism

C. Hyper-commerce

D. Exploitation

Answer Location: Gender, Advertising, and the Commodification of Gender

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Men’s bodies are sexualized in advertisements as______, while women’s bodies are sexualized as ______.

A. sexual objects, sexual subjects

B. sexual subjects, sexual objects

C. assertive, passive

D. instrumental, expressive

Answer Location: Gender, Advertising, and the Commodification of Gender

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Which theoretical perspective argues that audience members are like mindless sheep who absorb any messages given to them?

A. Social power theory

B. Media power theory

C. Culture power theory

D. Audience power theory

Answer Location: Media Power Theory: We’re All Sheep

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The idea that culture is imposed from above by institutions and churned out by industrial entities like the studio system in Hollywood or television networks is known as_______.

A. Commodification

B. Culture industry

C. Mass media influence

D. False consciousness

Answer Location: Media Power Theory: We’re All Sheep

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which theoretical perspective argues that media consumption often produces passivity in an audience?

A. Social power theory

B. Culture power theory

C. Media power theory

D. Audience power theory

Answer Location: Media Power Theory: We’re All Sheep

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. The idea of false consciousness, or that institutions can exert enough power over people to mislead them, is based off of ______ theory of class relations.

A. Marx’s

B. Kimmel’s

C. Weber’s

D. Ryle’s

Answer Location: Media Power Theory: We’re All Sheep

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. ______ views consumers as capable of decoding and interpreting the media as they see and hear to suit their own unique needs and lives.

A. Social power theory

B. Culture power theory

C. Media power theory

D. Audience power theory

Answer Location: Audience Power Theory: Power to the People

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. The ______ of meaning suggests that viewers are capable of creating their own alternative or resistant interpretations of media messages regardless of those intended by media creators.

A. autonomy

B. overspill

C. ambiguity

D. dexterity

Answer Location: Audience Power Theory: Power to the People

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. The act of having a general affinity for a fictional couple is known as_______.

A. overspill of meaning

B. coupling

C. shipping

D. transference

Answer Location: Gender, Sexuality and Slash Fiction

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. A genre of fan fiction that sexualizes or romanticizes usually same-sex media relationships is known as_______.

A. Overspill of meaning

B. Slash

C. Shipping

D. Transference

Answer Location: Gender, Sexuality, and Slash Fiction

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Slash fiction finds the spaces within existing and often largely heteronormative narratives for alternative visions of reality. This process is understood as______.

A. Slash fiction

B. Shipping fiction

C. Creative alternatives

D. Queering mainstream media

Answer Location: Gender, Sexuality and Slash Fiction

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Studies suggest that ______ write much of the fan fiction in China.

A. young men between the ages of 14 and 25

B. men older than 25

C. young women between the ages of 14 and 25

D. women older than 25

Answer Location: Super Girl Fan Fiction in China

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. The Chinese government equates slash fiction with which of the following?

A. Drug addiction

B. Pornography

C. Homosexuality

D. Adultery

Answer Location: Super Girl Fan Fiction in China

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Media portrayals of Egyptian women connect them to ideals about ______.

A. sexuality

B. homosexuality

C. terrorism

D. the nation

Answer Location: Harems and Terrorists: Depictions of Arabs in the Media

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. African men are often portrayed as dangerous, whereas Asian men are often depicted as passive and ______.

A. oversexed

B. romantic

C. feminine

D. intellectual

Answer Location: Beware of Black Men: Race, Gender, and the Local New

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Television shows often portray white working-class men as ______.

A. dangerous

B. buffoons

C. intelligent

D. fatherly

Answer Location: Homer and Ralph: White, Working-Class Men on TV

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Being able to see how working-class men are depicted as incompetent and middle-class men as wise and capable in many TV shows requires an ______ understanding of gender.

A. individual

B. institutional

C. intersectional

D. integrative

Answer Location: Homer and Ralph: White, Working-class Men on TV

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. According to the documentary, Merchants of Cool, a ______ is a young woman who intentionally uses her sexuality as a means of empowerment.

A. sexual object

B. feminist

C. madame

D. midriff

Answer Location: Sexuality in the Media

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Goth women feel that they can express their sexuality more freely, such as by wearing revealing clothing, because of ______.

A. cultural depictions of them in the media

B. rules about spatial boundaries at goth clubs

C. clothing that is made to fit them

D. their display of body piercings

Answer Location: Sexuality and Subculture

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. ________refers to the ways that children are active participants in the reproduction, interpretation, and formation of their social world.

A. Interpretive reproduction

B. Social interpretation

C. False consciousness

D. Pediatric internalization

Answer Location: Disney, Cinderella, and Genderbent

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. When young girls reinterpreted Cinderella to subvert gender norms, they were quickly corrected by other girls. Through the _______ theory, we can understand that the young girls used Cinderella’s story to reinforce their position as girls and to demonstrate knowledge of femininity.

A. Social construction

B. Gendered organizations

C. Doing gender

D. Intersectionality

Answer Location: Disney, Cinderella, and Genderbent

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Hard

27. ________Disney characters demonstrate the ability of consumers to actively alter the symbolic gendered meanings of the films.

A. Ultra-feminine

B. Hypersexualized

C. Submissive

D. Genderbent

Answer Location: Disney, Cinderella, and Genderbent

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. Which of the following is one of Kimmel’s three “Rs” about video games?

A. Replication

B. Relaxation

C. Rejuvenation

D. Reiteration

Answer Location: Masculinity and Video Games: Learning the Three Rs

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Which “R” from Kimmel’s discussion of video games reflects the idea that video games allow men to feel a sense of power and privilege that they feel no longer exists in the real world?

A. Reflection

B. Relaxation

C. Revenge

D. Restoration

Answer Location: Masculinity and Video Games: Learning the Three Rs

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Hard

30. Women are more likely to spend time in ______ leisure where leisure time is spent with children.

A. pure

B. adult

C. feminine

D. family

Answer Location: The Gender of Leisure

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

31. Despite the perception of some white people that affirmative action policies constitute reverse discrimination, most college scholarship money still goes to white students.

Answer Location: Masculinity and Video Games: Learning the Three Rs.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. Female characters in recent Disney animated movies have become more independent and rebellious compared to their more subdued counterparts in early Disney films.

Answer Location: Disney, Cindrella, and Genderbent

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Gender is built into the way media organizations function, such as the division of daytime and prime time TV shows.

Answer Location: Gender and the History of Screenwriting

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Advertisements allow us to feel more masculine or feminine by giving power to a certain product.

Answer Location: Gender, Advertising, and the Commodification of Gender

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. Audience power theory suggests that the audience passively absorbs media messages.

Answer Location: Media Power theory

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. Scholars who use the term “false consciousness” argue that viewers are active consumers who can create alternative interpretations of media products.

Answer Location: Media Power Theory: We’re All Sheep

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. Transgender people may have become more visible in the media, but they are still most likely to be depicted as sex workers, killers, and villains.

Answer Location: Transgender in the Media

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. Academic fans have argued that slash fiction has the potential to rebel against homosexual norms.

Answer Location: Super Girl Fan Fiction in China

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. While Hollywood portrays Arab women as sexualized and passive, women are perceived as the moral gauge for the rest of society within Arab culture.

Answer Location: Harems and Terrorists: Depictions of Arabs in the Media

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

40. Asian men are generally depicted as action heroes and leading men with romantic interests and sex appeal in Hollywood films.

Answer Location: Beware of Black Men: Race, Gender, and the Local News

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. Sexuality and sex are often used to sell products or win consumer attention.

Answer Location: Sexuality in the Media

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

42. In Merchants of Cool, “midriff” refers to girls and women whose sexuality is linked to violence.

Answer Location: Sexuality in the Media

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. Kimmel’s idea of revenge allows men to escape from adult demands.

Answer Location: Masculinity and Video Games: Learning the Three Rs

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

44. Female heroes in video games, such as Tomb Raider’s Lara Croft, are typically lesbians with extremely muscular bodies.

Answer Location: Masculinity and Video Games: Learning the Three Rs

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

45. When a mother listens to podcasts while cooking, she is experiencing “containated leisure.”

Answer Location: The Gender of Leisure

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Hard

Essay

46. Consider a gendered advertisement you have recently seen. Then analyze that advertisement through the lens of media power theory and audience power theory. How does each theory call attention to different features of the advertisement? Which of these two theories do you think provides the most compelling analysis? Explain.

Answer Location: Media Power Theory: We’re All Sheep, Audience Power Theory: Power to the People

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

47. Discuss the various ways that leisure is gendered and describe each of the five types of leisure explored in the text. Think back to all that you have learned from the text. What might you discover about leisure by applying an intersectional lens?

Answer Location: The Gender of Leisure

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Hard

48. Describe the mainstream portrayal of women in Hollywood films. Define the key components of the Bechdel Test and apply it to a film that you have recently watched. What did you find?

Answer Location: The Bechdel Test

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Hard

49. (a) Explain the three “Rs” (Relaxation, Revenge, and Restoration) of Kimmel’s analysis of video games, and explain how each of them relates to men’s experience in society. (b) What are the limitations of Kimmel’s analysis? Is it possible to resist the three “Rs”?

Answer Location: Masculinity and Video Games: Learning the Three Rs

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

50. Discuss the media portrayal of African American, Arab, Asian, or working-class white men (choose one group). Which approach, Media Power or Audience Power, can best be used to analyze how the media perpetuates stereotypes?

Answer Location: The Struggle Over Images

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium