Ch10 | Creativity in Human Relations – Test Bank 6e

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Student name:__________

1) Creativity is the ability to produce ideas or solutions to problems that are _____, appropriate, and valuable.

2) _____, which is direct perception or insight, has been shown to be much more important to creativity than scholastic ability.

3) _____ is spontaneous and free-flowing, without constraints, and typically results in many new ideas rather than one solution to a problem.

4) _____ are ways of thinking that occur when groups have their own beliefs about what should be done and how it should be done.

5) _____ is the way in which a person views the world.

6) _____ motivators include money and fame.

7) _____ is the beginning point for creativity.

8) _____ is the second step of the creative process identified by Graham Wallas, where something fairly dramatic has to happen, or the creation of the new concept won't take place.

9) According to Graham Wallas, _____ is the third step of the creative process, which can also be called "illumination."

10) _____ is the step in the creative process, also referred to as the "happy idea(s)" step by Graham Wallas, in which a person usually feels rewarded and positive about the next step.

11) According to Graham Wallas, _____ is the step in the creative process where a person can transform a problem into useful action and test his or her solution.

12) _____ was devised by Alex Osborne as a method of sparking creativity in a group situation.

13) In the _____ method of creative problem solving, the group is basically a tool for voting.

14) The _____ method of creative problem solving is effective with people who are shy, unsure of themselves, or simply not used to being assertive in public, because the ideas remain anonymous.

15) Dr. Teresa Amabile found that _____ motivation is more powerful than extrinsic motivation in encouraging creativity.

16) According to W. Edwards Deming, _____ rewards drive employee self-esteem.

17) The _____ is a circumstance that exists when people make rules and then follow them even after the situations to which they originally applied no longer exist.

18) _____ motivators are those that motivate a person from within.

19) In the context of some basic steps for becoming more creative, the _____ mode contains a certain amount of anxiety, not much humor, a lot of stress, and a definite element of fear—but it doesn't contain creativity.

20) Creativity is best described as:

A) a practice of turning an irrational belief into an imagined disaster.
B) a type of spontaneous group discussion to help find multiple solutions to problems.
C) the ability to come up with original and effective solutions.
D) the process of changing behavior because of a reward or lack of a reward.

21) Which of the following observations is true of creativity?

A) Little "c" refers to the creativity that is reserved for truly great ideas that change our lives.
B) Eminent creativity is everyday creativity which can be found in nearly all people.
C) A person needs to understand himself or herself to understand creativity.
D) Creative ideas need not be original.

22) Psychologist Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi describes creative people as:

A) having big "C" creativity instead of little "c" creativity.
B) having high IQ but low EQ.
C) having original ideas but lacking the ability to know a good idea from a bad one.
D) having flexibility and fluency in ideas.

23) According to Csikszentmihalyi, _____ refers to the pleasure derived from the creative process of reaching a goal.

A) intrinsic motivation
B) optimal experience
C) procrastination
D) serendipity

24) Which of the following statements is true of optimal experiences?

A) They are intensely enjoyable and stimulate creativity.
B) They result from the pleasure felt by an individual on achieving a goal.
C) They result from the established ways of seeing things.
D) They are highly pleasurable and less demanding.

25) According to Csikszentmihalyi, which of the following is a component of the "flow experience" when performing a task?

A) The activity is challenging enough to defeat the person involved.
B) The person's attention is completely absorbed by the activity.
C) The person is conscious of time and has a sense of self-awareness.
D) The activity has a broad scope with no clear goals.

26) Which of the following characteristics has been shown to be most important to creativity?

A) Academic genius
B) Scholastic ability
C) Intuition
D) High IQ

27) Which of the following is true of Lewis Terman's study of intelligence, intelligence testing, and creativity?

A) Academic geniuses rarely succeeded in professional life.
B) Creative people are typically above average in intelligence.
C) Academic geniuses are not likely to be more creative than other people.
D) All academic geniuses are involved in producing highly creative work.

28) Research has shown that true creativity results from:

A) more-than-average IQ.
B) indulging in groupthink.
C) achieving academic excellence.
D) divergent thinking.

29) According to psychologist Frank Barren, intuition mainly depends on:

A) scholastic abilities.
B) reasoning and verbal comprehension.
C) feelings and metaphor.
D) traditional intelligence.

30) What do groups need to get past if they want to increase their creativity?

A) Divergent thinking
B) Collective habits of thought
C) Childish questioning
D) Independent spirit

31) Which of the following is typically a characteristic of creative people?

A) Academic genius
B) Extrinsic motivation
C) Independent spirit
D) Conformity

32) A creative person is usually motivated by:

A) the joy of the discovery process.
B) the need to conform to social norms.
C) extrinsic motivators.
D) money and fame.

33) Which of the following statements is true of creative people?

A) They come up with new ideas and solutions to problems in their own areas of expertise.
B) They are unable to work alone, and they are easily swayed by others' opinions.
C) They are typically more rigid and less flexible than most other people.
D) They are usually seen as conformists.

34) One of the characteristics of creative people is that they are _____.

A) close-minded or inhibited
B) persistent with new ideas
C) easily swayed by others' opinions
D) top experts in their field

35) In the context of the various steps involved in the creative process, in which of the following steps has an individual's mind processed all of the information it has received, then offers the individual solutions?

A) Incubation
B) Verification
C) Illumination
D) Perception

36) Jeremy, a mathematician, had been working on a tough problem. One day while having a drink with a few of his friends, he suddenly yelled "Aha!" "That's it!" He had found the answer to the problem that had given him sleepless nights for months. In this scenario, Jeremy is most likely in the _____ stage of the creative process.

A) Preparation
B) Incubation
C) Verification
D) Inspiration

37) Which of the following psychologists described the four basic steps of the creativity process?

A) Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Carl Jung
D) Graham Wallas

38) The preparation stage of the creative process identified by Graham Wallas primarily involves:

A) transforming an idea into a solid, real concept.
B) proving a newly created concept, product, or service to be worthwhile.
C) making sure that you perceive the problem accurately.
D) turning the ideas over and over in your mind until a breakthrough finally takes place.

39) Which of the following is the first stage of the creative process identified by Graham Wallas?

A) Incubation
B) Perception
C) Inspiration
D) Verification

40) The incubation step of the creative process identified by Graham Wallas primarily involves:

A) turning ideas over and over in your mind until a breakthrough finally takes place.
B) ensuring that your way of seeing the particular part of the world you are dealing with is useful and real.
C) transforming the new solution to your problem into useful action.
D) transforming your idea into a solid, real concept.

41) Which step of the creative process identified by Graham Wallas involves developing creativity into a solid, real concept?

A) Incubation
B) Perception
C) Verification
D) Inspiration

42) Which of the following statements is true of the incubation step in the creative process identified by Graham Wallas?

A) It often includes research and experimentation.
B) It is the first step in the creative process.
C) It is in this step that a newly created concept is proven to be worthwhile.
D) It is also known as the "illumination" step.

43) In which step of the creative process is a newly created concept, product, or service proven to be worthwhile?

A) Preparation
B) Incubation
C) Verification
D) Illumination

44) In the context of managing creativity in the workplace, research has found that managers with good self-esteem are:

A) likely to promote discussion about new work methods.
B) unlikely to be receptive to creative ideas generated by their staff.
C) likely to indulge in severe criticisms of new ideas.
D) unlikely to encourage creativity in the people around them.

45) Which of the following statements is true of the first session of brainstorming?

A) It encourages statements such as "Get serious!" or "No way!"
B) It encourages participants to hitchhike on the ideas of others.
C) It allows participants to prioritize ideas.
D) It allows participants to criticize new ideas.

46) In the second session of brainstorming, _____.

A) criticism of new ideas is forbidden
B) a large quantity of ideas is encouraged
C) idea duplications are eliminated
D) silliness is encouraged

47) _____ is a type of spontaneous group discussion to help find multiple solutions for problems.

A) Brainstorming
B) Groupthink
C) System justification
D) Force field analysis

48) Which of the following activities is typically a part of the first session of brainstorming?

A) All ideas are analyzed and prioritized.
B) Idea duplications are eliminated.
C) All ideas are recorded.
D) Everyone gives evaluative input.

49) Which of the following observations concerning the different sessions of the brainstorming process is true?

A) In the first session, everyone gives their evaluative input.
B) In the first session, criticism of ideas is encouraged.
C) In the second session, all ideas are recorded.
D) In the second session, the adult part of everybody's personality takes over.

50) Which of the following rules is applied in the second session of the brainstorming process?

A) Hitchhiking on others' ideas is encouraged.
B) Participants return to rational mode.
C) Silliness is encouraged.
D) Participants speak in phrases.

51) Which of the following is a step typically involved in the nominal group method?

A) Participants speak out various ideas in the form of phrases.
B) Group members hitchhike on each other's ideas.
C) Everyone is encouraged to be as wild and crazy as possible.
D) Each group member rates the ideas suggested by the other group members.

52) Which of the following is a difference between brainstorming and the nominal group method?

A) Brainstorming encourages individual creativity within a group framework, whereas in the nominal group method, creativity of the entire group is stressed.
B) Brainstorming is effective with people who are shy, unsure of themselves, or simply not used to being assertive in public, whereas the nominal group method is a type of spontaneous group discussion to help find multiple solutions for problems.
C) In a brainstorming session, participants speak out various ideas in the form of phrases, whereas in the nominal group method, the ideas remain anonymous.
D) In brainstorming, each group member rates the ideas and votes, whereas in the nominal group method, the leader chooses the best idea.

53) In the context of decision making, what does "second right answer" refer to?

A) It refers to a decision-making method where you see only one of two extremes as a possible solution.
B) It refers to decision-making errors that keep people from being as creative as they otherwise could be.
C) It refers to a decision-making strategy, created by Bob Eberle, to release your creative mind.
D) It refers to a decision-making method in which people get rid of the stumbling block that prevents them from looking for more than one answer.

54) _____ are rules or beliefs that keep people from being as creative as they otherwise could be.

A) Intuitions
B) Mental locks
C) Self-images
D) Perceptions

55) The term _____ is defined as what and how an individual believes himself or herself to be.

A) self-expression
B) self-preservation
C) self-determination
D) self-perception

56) A common mistake in decision making is called the _____ fallacy, which sees only one of two extremes as a possible solution without really looking at the great number of compromises and other creative choices that might exist in between.

A) either/or
B) intentionality
C) gambler's
D) Monte Carlo

57) What is creativity?

58) According to Csikszentmihalyi, what is the difference between creativity with a big "C" and creativity with a little "c?"

59) How does Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi explain the concept of optimal experience?

60) List the eight components as found by psychologist Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi that are usually found in a flow experience.

61) What did Lewis Terman discover in his study of intelligence, intelligence testing, and creativity?

62) List five characteristics of creative people.

63) Why is expert knowledge essential for being creative?

64) How are creative people motivated?

65) Describe the "perception" stage of the creative process identified by Graham Wallas.

66) Explain the "inspiration" step of the creative process identified by Graham Wallas.

67) How do managers kill creativity at the workplace?

68) How can organizations encourage creativity?

69) List the rules applied in the first session of brainstorming.

70) What are the rules applied in the second session of brainstorming?

71) What happens after the second session of brainstorming?

72) When is the nominal group method most effective?

73) Why is group creativity important?

74) List the steps involved in the nominal group method.

75) What is an open mode, and how does it affect creativity?

76) How does self-perception affect creativity?

77) In the context of creative problem solving, list some of the steps that are likely to help an individual become more creative.

78) Creative people have flexibility and fluency in ideas, with the ability to know a good idea from a bad one.

⊚ true
⊚ false

79) Optimal experiences have an adverse effect on a person's creativity.

⊚ true
⊚ false

80) Csikszentmihalyi discovered that people are least likely to feel flow while at work.

⊚ true
⊚ false

81) Terman holds that a person has to be an academic genius to be creative.

⊚ true
⊚ false

82) Creative people are usually average or above average in intelligence.

⊚ true
⊚ false

83) True creativity requires divergent thinking.

⊚ true
⊚ false

84) According to Arthur Koestler, habit is the stumbling block to creativity.

⊚ true
⊚ false

85) Collective habits of thought typically increase curiosity in groups.

⊚ true
⊚ false

86) Using the "childish" freedom of curiosity will decrease your creativity.

⊚ true
⊚ false

87) The process of becoming an expert in any field is a good beginning point for creativity because it takes practice and hard work to become an expert at anything.

⊚ true
⊚ false

88) An individual has to be a top expert in his or her field to be creative in it.

⊚ true
⊚ false

89) One of the characteristics of creative people is that they are more motivated by extrinsic factors.

⊚ true
⊚ false

90) Creativity does not do anyone much good if ideas aren't followed through with action.

⊚ true
⊚ false

91) The first part of dealing with a creativity issue involves creating a new concept.

⊚ true
⊚ false

92) Work must be made rewarding, challenging, and fulfilling for a creative atmosphere to exist.

⊚ true
⊚ false

93) In the first stage of the brainstorming process, the members of a group criticize each other's ideas.

⊚ true
⊚ false

94) Brainstorming is useful only for solving simple, well-defined problems.

⊚ true
⊚ false

95) The nominal group method of group creativity discourages individual creativity within a group framework.

⊚ true
⊚ false

96) In the nominal group method, each employee puts his or her ideas down in writing.

⊚ true
⊚ false

97) There is transparency in the nominal group method, and the members of the group are required to explain their ideas to the entire group.

⊚ true
⊚ false

98) Extrinsic motivation is more powerful than intrinsic motivation in encouraging creativity.

⊚ true
⊚ false

99) New problem-solving strategies will be attempts to extract the greatest number of quality ideas from a group of people in a short time.

⊚ true
⊚ false

100) The open mode is a state of mind where you are relaxed, expansive, less purposeful, and more fun than in the everyday closed mode.

⊚ true
⊚ false

101) To be creative, you need to constantly remain in the open mode.

⊚ true
⊚ false

102) One of the biggest stumbling blocks to creativity is the belief that you somehow aren't good enough to create anything worthwhile.

⊚ true
⊚ false

103) People settle for the one right answer out of a tendency to grab the first idea that comes to mind.

⊚ true
⊚ false

104) The either/or fallacy helps a person arrive at creative solutions to problems.

⊚ true
⊚ false

105) The Aslan phenomenon refers to situations in which people break existing rules to arrive at creative ways of doing a task.

⊚ true
⊚ false

106) According to Roger von Oech, one of the "mental locks" that keeps people from being creative is "being practical."

⊚ true
⊚ false

107) A major stumbling block with traditional methods of learning is that people are taught to look for the one right answer.

⊚ true
⊚ false