Chapter 10: Forensic Psychology and the Victims of Crime

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Multiculturalism includes all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A. gender

B. race

C. ethnicity

D. age

Learning Objective: 10-2: Emphasize the multicultural and multiethnic aspects of working with victims.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Multiculturalism and Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Which crime is typically considered a victimless crime?

A. rape

B. homicide

C. illegal gambling

D. human trafficking

Learning Objective: 10-1: Describe the psychological effects of being victimized, and introduce the reader to the role played by mental health professionals in working with victims.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Most psychological concepts and theories are based on ______.

A. Freudian treatment

B. Euro-American contexts

C. multicultural research

D. diverse samples

Learning Objective: 10-2: Emphasize the multicultural and multiethnic aspects of working with victims.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Multiculturalism and Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What was the intent of the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008?

A. to increase public awareness of crime against victims with developmental disabilities

B. to broaden protections for disabled Americans

C. to prevent public employees from abusing the system

D. to provide psychological services to disabled Americans

Learning Objective: 10-2: Emphasize the multicultural and multiethnic aspects of working with victims.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. It is estimated that ______ of the U.S. population has some type of disability.

A. 1–6%

B. 7–13%

C. 14–20%

D. 22–30%

Learning Objective: 10-2: Emphasize the multicultural and multiethnic aspects of working with victims.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. The Constitution of the United States protects the rights of all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A. suspects

B. defendants

C. victims

D. prisoners

Learning Objective: 10-3: Describe the legal rights of victims.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Legal Rights of Victims

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Society’s attempt to recover and restore a victim’s financial, physical, or psychological position following a crime is called ______.

A. restitution

B. laudability

C. reparation

D. advocacy

Learning Objective: 10-3: Describe the legal rights of victims.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Legal Rights of Victims

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. The first victims’ bill of rights was passed in the year ______ in the state of ______.

A. 1950; California

B. 1960; New York

C. 1970; Ohio

D. 1980; Wisconsin

Learning Objective: 10-3: Describe the legal rights of victims.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Legal Rights of Victims

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. How many states require that a victim be notified if an offender has escaped from prison?

A. Zero

B. Three

C. Fifteen

D. Fifty

Learning Objective: 10-3: Describe the legal rights of victims.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Legal Rights of Victims

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Which law denies convicted offenders the right to profit from their crime?

A. Fair Restitution

B. Refutation of Blood Money

C. Ted Bundy Law

D. Son of Sam Law

Learning Objective: 10-3: Describe the legal rights of victims.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Legal Rights of Victims

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which statement is true about the legal rights of victims?

A. Most victims who exercise their right to allocution are successful at increasing the defendant’s prison sentence.

B. Victims in all 50 states have the right to be represented by an attorney during all stages of the criminal process.

C. Most victims are unaware of their legal rights.

D. Victims in all 50 states receive notifications at all stages of the criminal justice process.

Learning Objective: 10-3: Describe the legal rights of victims.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Legal Rights of Victims

Difficulty Level: Hard

12. Which situation allows a victim to seek a criminal remedy?

A. sexual harassment

B. aggravated assault

C. unnecessary medical procedures

D. wrongful termination

Learning Objective: 10-3: Describe the legal rights of victims.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Legal Rights of Victims

Difficulty Level: Hard

13. Which measure of victimization is designed to provide a comprehensive presentation of the nature and extent of child and adolescent victimization in the United States?

A. the National Crime Victimization Survey

B. the National Task Force on Exploitation of Children

C. the Uniform Crime Reports

D. the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence

Learning Objective: 10-4: Recap official victimization data.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Victimization Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Which statement illustrates an important difference between the NCVS and the UCR data?

A. The NCVS includes sexual assault crimes, while the UCR does not.

B. The UCR collects data every 10 years, while the NCVS is conducted semiannually.

C. The NCVS includes crimes not reported to the police, while the UCR does not.

D. The UCR focuses on the dark figure of crime, while the NCVS examines law enforcement statistics.

Learning Objective: 10-4: Recap official victimization data.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

Difficulty Level: Hard

15. Crime that does not come to the attention of police is known as ______.

A. subversive crime

B. the dark figure

C. anonymous statistics

D. tertiary crime

Learning Objective: 10-4: Recap official victimization data.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Measurements of Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Victimization data continually indicated that ______ of all crimes are not reported to police.

A. 5%

B. 15%

C. 25%

D. 50%

Learning Objective: 10-4: Recap official victimization data.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Measurements of Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Which group has been disproportionately represented among homicide victims?

A. older, Hispanic females

B. young, Black males

C. older, American Indian females

D. young, White males

Learning Objective: 10-4: Recap official victimization data.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ethnic/Minority Differences in Criminal Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. While all five ethno-racial groups identified by the NCVS are diverse, the greatest diversity is among the ______ group.

A. White

B. Black

C. Hispanic

D. Asian

Learning Objective: 10-4: Recap official victimization data.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethnic/Minority Differences in Criminal Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. A victim’s fear of retaliation and belief that an incident was unimportant are two reasons why youth ______.

A. commit suicide after being victimized by a violent crime

B. take the law into their own hands after being victimized

C. seek law enforcement assistance after a crime has occurred

D. do not report violent crime to law enforcement

Learning Objective: 10-4: Recap official victimization data.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Criminal Victimization as a Function of Age

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. The impact of criminal violence on victims is best described as ______ and ______.

A. substantial; far-reaching

B. temporary; stressful

C. undocumented; uncontrollable

D. impermeable; irrepressible

Learning Objective: 10-1: Describe the psychological effects of being victimized, and introduce the reader to the role played by mental health professionals in working with victims.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Psychological Impact of Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Alicia is a 10-year-old girl who was sexually abused by an uncle, is regularly hit by her mother, and has been sexually assaulted by her older brother. Which term accurately describes Alicia?

A. polyvictim

B. vicarious traumatization

C. multiculturalism

D. iatrogenic effect

Learning Objective: 10-1: Describe the psychological effects of being victimized, and introduce the reader to the role played by mental health professionals in working with victims.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Psychological Impact of Violence

Difficulty Level: Hard

22. Research indicates that a disproportionate number of young child homicides are committed by ______.

A. childcare providers

B. adult women

C. adolescent males

D. adult males

Learning Objective: 10-5: Review homicide victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Homicide Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Why are homicides of young children so difficult to document?

A. The offenders are often skilled at deception and manipulation.

B. They are difficult to distinguish from accidents.

C. They are rare.

D. The crime is too heinous for society to accept.

Learning Objective: 10-5: Review homicide victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Homicide Victimization

Difficulty Level: Hard

24. All of the following are identified needs of co-victims following notification of a death EXCEPT ______.

A. an opportunity for venting of emotion

B. calm and reassuring authority

C. vengeance on the perpetrator

D. restoration of control

Learning Objective: 10-5: Review homicide victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Death Notification

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Which organization developed the most well-known and utilized model for training of death notifiers?

A. Mothers Against Drunk Driving

B. Alcoholics Anonymous

C. National Rifle Association

D. International Critical Incident Stress Foundation

Learning Objective: 10-5: Review homicide victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Death Notification

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Psychologists working with death notifiers must be particularly attuned to ______.

A. the high likelihood of repeated victimization

B. symptoms of burnout

C. threats from the perpetrator

D. the tendency to become too close with the victim’s family

Learning Objective: 10-5: Review homicide victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Death Notification

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Which of the following statements is an erroneous and harmful conclusion that people often make based on sexual assault data?

A. Victims who don’t show evidence of physical injury must have consented.

B. Most victims recover quickly following an assault.

C. All victims of sexual assault are heterosexual females.

D. Victims make mistakes that promote and encourage violence.

Learning Objective: 10-6: Review rape and sexual assault victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Extent of Injury to Victims

Difficulty Level: Hard

28. Most cases of child sexual abuse involve which type of relationship between victim and offender?

A. The offender is an older sibling of the victim.

B. The victim and offender are strangers.

C. The victim and offender often know one another.

D. The offender is a primary caregiver of the victim.

Learning Objective: 10-6: Review rape and sexual assault victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Child Sexual Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Research suggests that rape victims are four times more likely than noncrime victims to ______.

A. be victimized by police

B. have contemplated suicide

C. abuse drugs

D. seek psychological help

Learning Objective: 10-6: Review rape and sexual assault victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Psychological Impact

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Which term has replaced victim in the sexual assault literature?

A. pseudovictim

B. target

C. globalist

D. survivor

Learning Objective: 10-6: Review rape and sexual assault victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Psychological Impact

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. Which term best defines trafficking?

A. exploitation

B. personalization

C. border

D. movement

Learning Objective: 10-9: Review the psychological effects of sexual exploitation of minors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Human Trafficking

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. All of the following are reasons that it is difficult to estimate the number of trafficked victims EXCEPT ______.

A. victims are often fearful of retribution

B. victims are often distrustful of law enforcement

C. there is no uniform system for collecting data on the victims

D. there is poor cooperation among international law enforcement agencies

Learning Objective: 10-7: Describe forensic interviewing of sexually abused children.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Human Trafficking

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. Complex PTSD and the accumulation of traumatic events are characteristic of many ______.

A. CSEC victims

B. victims of online sexual solicitors

C. homicide victims

D. victims of date rape

Learning Objective: 10-7: Describe forensic interviewing of sexually abused children.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Psychological Effects on CSEC Victims

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Which statement about online sexual solicitation is most accurate?

A. The majority of internet child molesters use trickery to assault children.

B. Most internet-initiated sex crimes consist of adult men who use the internet to meet and entice underage teenagers into sexual meetings.

C. Child and adolescent online profiles and other social media channels frequently attract aggressive sexual predators.

D. Increasingly, offenders and traffickers are using the internet to facilitate the sexual trafficking and exploitation of children.

Learning Objective: 10-7: Describe forensic interviewing of sexually abused children.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Online Sexual Solicitation

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. What is the most lucrative human trafficking enterprise?

A. involuntary domestic services

B. bonded labor

C. forced labor

D. sexual exploitation

Learning Objective: 10-8: Address human trafficking and sexual exploitation trafficking.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Child and Adolescent Sex Trafficking

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Which activity of human trafficking is considered the most controversial?

A. prostitution

B. domestic servitude

C. bonded labor

D. forced labor

Learning Objective: 10-8: Address human trafficking and sexual exploitation trafficking.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Child and Adolescent Sex Trafficking

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. Paroline v. United States (2014) pertained to ______.

A. proper death notification

B. legal rights of victims

C. juvenile sexual assault

D. commercial sexual exploitation of children

Learning Objective: 10-8: Address human trafficking and sexual exploitation trafficking.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Child and Adolescent Sex Trafficking

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. Approximately how many children and adolescents become victims of commercial sexual exploitation in the United States each year?

A. 3,000

B. 13,000

C. 30,000

D. 300,000

Learning Objective: 10-8: Address human trafficking and sexual exploitation trafficking.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Child and Adolescent Sex Trafficking

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Compared to victims without disabilities, victimization rates of individuals with disabilities are ______.

A. much higher

B. much lower

C. underreported

D. overreported

Learning Objective: 10-4: Recap official victimization data.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. Why do traffickers often select children who are most vulnerable?

A. Vulnerable children are easier to control.

B. Vulnerable children display sexual knowledge that is beyond their level of development.

C. Vulnerable children will not be missed by family members.

D. Vulnerable children are often resilient.

Learning Objective: 10-8: Address human trafficking and sexual exploitation trafficking.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Child and Adolescent Sex Trafficking

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. Intervention for child survivors of commercial sexual exploitation should begin with ______.

A. immediate treatment

B. comprehensive assessment

C. deprogramming

D. reentry

Learning Objective: 10-8: Address human trafficking and sexual exploitation trafficking.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Psychological Services

Difficulty Level: Medium

42. Most states have laws that require notification of victims, this includes all of the following except ______.

A. Notification if the offender is about to be released on bail

B. Notification if a convicted offender is about to be released from jail or prison

C. Notification if an offender will be released on a work release program

D. Notification if an offender commits a felony while in jail or prison

Learning Objective: 10-3: Describe the Legal Rights of Victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Legal Rights of Victims

Difficulty Level: Medium

43. Overall an estimated ________ % of victims of rape and sexual assault are female.

A. 90-95

B. 80-85

C. 70-75

D. 60-65

Learning Objective: 10-6: Review Rape and Sexual Assault Victimization Research

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender

Difficulty Level: Easy

44. According to data from the NCVS, roughly ____ % of victims of sexual violent did not know their attacker.

A. 10-15

B. 20-25

C. 30-35

D. 40-45

Learning Objective: 10-6: Review rape and sexual assault victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Intimate Partner and Dating Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. ______ is the third leading criminal enterprise in the world and is one of the fastest growing and possibly represents the most lucrative criminal enterprise globally.

A. Human trafficking

B. Drug trafficking

C. Weapon trafficking

D. Prostitution

Learning Objective: 10-8: Address human trafficking and sexual exploitation trafficking.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Human Trafficking

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Victimization rates of children and adults with disabilities far exceed those of individuals who do not have disabilities.

Learning Objective: 10-4: Recap official victimization data.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Victims of crime have only one legal venue for obtaining justice.

Learning Objective: 10-3: Describe the legal rights of victims.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Legal Rights of Victims

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The psychological effects of violence are generally the same across persons and situations.

Learning Objective: 10-1: Describe the psychological effects of being victimized, and introduce the reader to the role played by mental health professionals in working with victims.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Psychological Impact of Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Most victims exercise their right of allocution.

Learning Objective: 10-3: Describe the legal rights of victims.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Legal Rights of Victims

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The homicide rate of juveniles in the United States is low compared to other developed, industrialized nations.

Learning Objective: 10-5: Review homicide victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Homicide Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Compared to individuals who are grieving for the loss of a loved one who died nonviolently, the process of mourning for families of murder victims lasts longer, is more intense, and is more complex.

Learning Objective: 10-5: Review homicide victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reactions of Homicide Co-Victims

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. A fundamental flaw with child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome is that the behaviors may occur in any child who has experienced trauma.

Learning Objective: 10-6: Review rape and sexual assault victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome (CSAAS)

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Most internet-initiated sex crimes consist of adult men who use the internet to meet and entice underage teenagers into sexual meetings.

Learning Objective: 10-7: Describe forensic interviewing of sexually abused children.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Online Sexual Solicitation

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The greater the perceived malevolence of the murder, the higher the stress of those left behind.

Learning Objective: 10-5: Review homicide victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reactions of Homicide Co-Victims

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Less than 5% of online sexual solicitors are arrested for violent contact sexual offenses.

Learning Objective: 10-8: Address human trafficking and sexual exploitation trafficking.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Online Sexual Solicitation

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Successful psychological intervention for victims of sexual exploitation begins with a comprehensive assessment of each child or adolescent victim.

Learning Objective: 10-1: Describe the psychological effects of being victimized, and introduce the reader to the role played by mental health professionals in working with victims.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Psychological Services to Victims and Co-Victims of Homicide: A Recap

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Most members of minority groups in the United States are undocumented immigrants.

Learning Objective: 10-2: Emphasize the multicultural and multiethnic aspects of working with victims.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Multiculturalism and Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome is another term for complex PTSD.

Learning Objective: 10-9: Review the psychological effects of sexual exploitation of minors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Psychological Effects on CSEC Victims

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Define child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome and briefly describe the controversy associated with this syndrome.

Learning Objective: 10-6: Review rape and sexual assault victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome (CSAAS)

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Briefly explain the relationship between monoculturalism and psychology. How may this relationship affect the role of forensic psychologists?

Learning Objective: 10-2: Emphasize the multicultural and multiethnic aspects of working with victims.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Multiculturalism and Victimization

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Describe the two legal venues available to victims of crime for obtaining justice.

Learning Objective: 10-3: Describe the legal rights of victims.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Legal Rights of Victims

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Provide an example of how the U.S. Constitution protects the rights of suspects and defendants but not the rights of victims.

Learning Objective: 10-3: Describe the legal rights of victims.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Legal Rights of Victims

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. How does the diversity of the Hispanic population affect victimization data?

Learning Objective: 10-2: Emphasize the multicultural and multiethnic aspects of working with victims.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Multiculturalism and Victimization

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Summarize the research on homicides of young children.

Learning Objective: 10-5: Review homicide victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Homicide Victimization

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. Contrast the grieving process for survivors of homicidal death versus survivors of those who died nonviolently.

Learning Objective: 10-5: Review homicide victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Reactions of Homicide Co-Victims

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. Describe death notification. What do you think the repercussions of a poorly done notification could be for co-victims?

Learning Objective: 10-5: Review homicide victimization research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Death Notification

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. Identify McIntyre’s four stages that are involved in assessing the trafficking experience.

Learning Objective: 10-8: Address human trafficking and sexual exploitation trafficking.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Psychological Services

Difficulty Level: Medium