Ch.10 – Age And Ability Barriers To – Test Bank Docx

Student name:__________

1) Given the current ableist ideology in North America, most social worlds are organized in ways that lead older people and people with a disability to

A) seek special assistance when they engage in social interaction.
B) feel special and superior to others.
C) be excluded from mainstream activities.
D) seek private trainers to help them play sports.

2) Prevailing ableist ideology is based on

A) Jewish religious beliefs about bodies and moral worth.
B) the idea that technology makes physical and intellectual abilities irrelevant.
C) the belief that people can be whatever they want to be regardless of age or ability.
D) an assumption that all physical and intellectual impairments are abnormalities.

3) The dominant form of ableist ideology today is shaped by

A) ageism and ableism.
B) corporate capitalism.
C) Darwinism and behaviorism.
D) individualism and the baby boom generation.

4) Ageism is an evaluative perspective that leads people to

A) celebrate the ageing body.
B) value youthfulness over other age-related attributes.
C) seek private funding to create sports for older people.
D) assume that they will live for a long time.

5) Ableism is a perspective that leads people to overlook that

A) perfection is achieved only through hard work.
B) anyone can do whatever they want to do if they work hard.
C) achieving life goals often requires luck as well as intelligence.
D) variation in people's abilities is a normal part of human existence.

6) Compared with previous generations, people in the baby boom generation are more likely to

A) define themselves as disabled.
B) deal with aging in the same ways that their parents dealt with it.
C) see themselves as older than they are in terms of years.
D) defy negative stereotypes about being old.

7) During most of the 20 ^th century, older people were

A) forced to be physically active because they did physical labor.
B) told to take it easy and preserve their energy and strength.
C) more active physically active than they were when they were young adults.
D) often given prescriptions for drugs to slow them down.

8) When older people today say, "I'm too old to do that," they often mean that they are

A) afraid that strenuous activity is bad for their hearts.
B) following the advice of their primary physician.
C) embarrassed to show that they cannot do it as well as they could in the past.
D) unwilling to show that they have more ability than many young people.

9) The belief that rigorous physical exercise enables people to stay youthful and healthy

A) can lead people to conclude that poor health is a sign of irresponsibility.
B) provides hope that health care costs will decline in the future.
C) has been proven repeatedly in research done by exercise physiologists.
D) is dangerous because older people don't know how to exercise properly.

10) As they become older, people in the baby boom generation in the United States

A) are less physically active than previous generations of older people.
B) are more physically active than previous generations of older people.
C) have higher rates of exercise-induced injuries than past generations.
D) are active only because social security pays for fitness club memberships.

11) People in the baby boom generation in the United States are

A) challenging ageist beliefs and myths about older people.
B) not living as long as their parents.
C) less socially active than their parents.
D) hesitant to vote for public policies that promote their interests.

12) Studies of people who participate in Masters sports indicate that they use sports to

A) simultaneously resist and accept the ageing process.
B) set records they could not set during their younger years.
C) stay in shape so they avoid retiring from their work careers.
D) obtain discounts on their health insurance policies.

13) When older people participate in competitive sports, they

A) are usually obsessive about their training.
B) prefer team sports over individual sports.
C) focus on always improving performance and being best in their age group.
D) avoid sports in which injury rates are high.

14) Older people prefer sports in which they can focus on

A) performance as an indicator of moral worth.
B) maintaining physical abilities and staying active.
C) using their age to intimidate other competitors.
D) relaxation and an absence of challenges.

15) When it is said that age intersects with other social factors in the sport experiences of older people, it means that older people

A) had similar access to sports participation opportunities in their lives.
B) see sports as more important than other activities in their lives.
C) are influenced by age combined with gender, ethnicity, and social class.
D) have multiple reasons for playing or not playing sports.

16) When people use the phrase, "feminization of aging," they mean that

A) females in most societies have longer life expectancies than males do.
B) women have work careers that last longer than the careers of men.
C) older women have more political power than older men have.
D) women are more physically active than men though the life span.

17) The term "handicapped" is offensive because it

A) limits the sports participation of people with a disability.
B) means that people with a disability receive benefits they don't deserve.
C) marks people with perceived physical or intellectual impairments inferior.
D) is also used in sports such as horse racing and golf.

18) An impairment becomes a disability only when

A) people with an impairment allow it to define them.
B) technology cannot be used to correct the impairment.
C) people with impairments cannot present themselves to others as normal.
D) accommodations are not made to allow for full participation in a situation.

19) According to the World Health Organization (WHO), definitions of disability should be taken seriously because they refer to the connection between the features of people's bodies and

A) the feelings that people have about them.
B) the ability of people to support themselves.
C) the features of the society in which they live.
D) ideas about what is normal and abnormal.

20) When Oscar Pistorius, a South African sprinter with two below-the-knee prostheses, wanted to participate in the Olympic Games, the Court of Arbitration for Sport ruled that the International Olympic Committee and the international track and field federation must allow

A) Pistorius to participate because his prostheses did not give him an unfair advantage.
B) all people who qualify for an Olympic event to participate even if they have a prosthesis.
C) Pistorius to participate because he was born without his lower legs.
D) athletes with an above-the-waist disability to participate in running races at all distances.

21) The board members of the International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF—the governing body for track and field) banned runner Oscar Pistorius from the 2008 Olympic games because they

A) didn't want Pistorius to compete in both the Olympics and Paralympics.
B) defined his body as abnormal and deviant due to his prosthetic legs.
C) believed that Pistorius would turn the Olympics into a freak show.
D) knew that other runners would boycott if Pistorius competed.

22) The decisions to ban and then reinstate eligibility in the Oscar Pistorius case raises questions about the

A) training methods used by athletes with disabilities.
B) moral character of elite athletes.
C) processes through which deviance is defined in sports.
D) need to ban all forms of technology in sports.

23) The medical model of disability emphasizes that disability refers to a(n)

A) personal impairment that creates a functional deficit for an individual.
B) social or environmental barrier to full participation in society.
C) physical inability that prevents a person from achieving goals.
D) individual attitude that restricts normal physical movement.

24) The medical model of disability has remained popular for many years in the United States because

A) people with a disability are viewed as helpless victims.
B) medical technologies can heal nearly all impairments.
C) people with a disability consider themselves to be inferior.
D) many people continue to accept ableist ideology.

25) The social model disability emphasizes that disability refers to

A) a characteristic that evokes negative reactions when seen by others.
B) a lack of accommodations that enable participation by people with an impairment.
C) a physical or intellectual impairment that makes a person inferior to others.
D) any condition that interferes with normal participation in society.

26) People who define disability by using the social model are likely to view

A) the Americans with Disability Act as a needless piece of legislation.
B) political activism as a futile waste of time.
C) disability as a social issue in need of social and policy solutions.
D) therapy and rehabilitation as a first step in dealing with an impairment.

27) When using a social model of disability, a person with a disability is most likely to focus on

A) psychological counselling that creates a personal sense of normalcy.
B) eliminating social and physical barriers that restrict full participation.
C) developing assistive technologies that eliminate physical impairments.
D) teaching normal people to ignore physical and intellectual impairments.

28) Which of the following is not one of the shifts in focus that occurs when using the social model of disability rather than the medical model? The shift from

A) charity to opportunity.
B) risky surgeries to dependable support systems.
C) concerns about health and safety to political activism.
D) seeking rehabilitation to seeking accessibility.

29) According to the Americans with Disability Act, all youth sports open to the public must allow children with disabilities to play unless

A) it would threaten the safety of able-bodied participants.
B) it leads to even minor changes in the procedures used by a league or team.
C) the parents of other children object.
D) it would cause some players to focus on helping children with disabilities.

30) According to the Americans with Disability Act, all youth sports open to the public must allow children with disabilities to play unless

A) it would threaten the safety of able-bodied participants.
B) it leads to even minor changes in the procedures used by a league or team.
C) the parents of other children object.
D) it would cause some players to focus on helping children with disabilities.

31) The fiscal austerity policies of many national governments combined with criticism of the social model of disability have fragmented the disability community and led to

A) a revival of local community support programs for people with a disability.
B) new sports programs for military veterans with disabling war injuries.
C) a global wave of political protests by disability activists.
D) severe cuts to or the elimination of all programs for people with a disability.

32) The history of disability consists of a series of stories about how people in various cultures have given meaning to physical and intellectual "difference." "Disability" comes to exist when people with certain differences are

A) defined as "others" and given over to the care of experts.
B) treated as special people and embraced at the social center of a community.
C) perceived as possessing God-given gifts that personify the meaning of humanness.
D) officially identified as a burden to be borne by those who are able-bodied.

33) According to the information in the special Reflect on Sports section, when people with a visible physical impairment enter the Empire of the Normal, it is important that they have

A) enough money to buy what they need without asking for help from residents of the Empire.
B) a narrative that accounts for their impairment in terms that are acceptable by residents of the Empire.
C) technologies that enable them to avoid attracting the attention of residents of the Empire.
D) an active support group among residents of the Empire.

34) Which of the following would be common in the Empire of the Normal?

A) High self-esteem among people with a disability.
B) Sports leagues that mix ability levels and include people with a disability.
C) Many people with a disability hanging out in public places.
D) High schools with sports programs for students with a disability.

35) When media coverage of the Paralympics occurs in the Empire of the Normal, we could expect to see

A) most attention being given to athletes who appear to be "normal."
B) many athletes who have been seriously disfigured by the violence of war.
C) a disproportionate number of wheelchair sports events.
D) a focus on sleek, efficient prosthetic running legs and the athletes who use them.

36) In the Empire of the Normal, sports for people with a disability are usually covered as special interest stories. They will not be covered as real sports stories until

A) women and minorities are fully represented in the events.
B) able-bodied people learn to feel sorry for people with disabilities.
C) people with disabilities become fully integrated into the larger community.
D) the Paralympics signs a television rights contract with a major network.

37) Research shows that when athletes with disabilities are covered in mainstream media, they are portrayed as "courageous victims" or as

A) heroic supercrips.
B) citizens in need of public accommodations.
C) representatives of companies that make prosthetic devices.
D) people who struggle to deal with challenges faced in the Empire of the Normal.

38) Images in popular culture seldom represent people with a disability or they represent impaired bodies as different and needy. This creates for people with disabilities

A) the need to have an acceptable story for why their bodies are different.
B) the illusion that their bodies do not need fixing.
C) a desire to play power and performance sports.
D) the freedom to organize their identities around their abilities and skills.

39) In their study of two Paralympic promotion campaigns, Silva and Howe found that representations of athletes in the Paralympics varied widely and often created controversy. In their discussion of this finding they explained that

A) most people are frightened by athletes with physical or intellectual impairments.
B) people in marketing have never met people with a disability.
C) there is little agreement today about how to represent disability in sports.
D) all sports are about excellence, and disability makes excellence impossible.

40) Gender ideology influences the meaning given to people's bodies. Although males and females with physical impairments often feel vulnerable when they participate in sports, women are more likely than men to

A) train hard to make a Paralympic team.
B) give high priority to dominating their opponents in adapted sports.
C) choose natural looking prosthetics over prosthetics better suited for sports.
D) sports participation as a means for establishing their gender identity.

41) At this time, multiple barriers inhibit regular sports participation among people with a disability. Which of the following is not one of those barriers?

A) Overprotective family members and a lack of family resources.
B) Few sports facilities that are fully accessible.
C) An unwillingness of people with a disability to compete against each other.
D) A scarcity of consistent resources needed to fund opportunities.

42) In the chapter it is noted that children with disabilities usually have two options if they wish to play sports. One is to find an organized adapted program and the other is to

A) disguise disabilities and play mainstream sports.
B) find a medical treatment that will fix their disability.
C) play informal games with peers who can make adaptations.
D) find sports in which physical abilities do not matter.

43) Special education teacher and physical educator Bob Szyman worked in Chicago to establish high school sports for students with a disability. One of his biggest challenges was that students with a disability were

A) so burdened by homework that they seldom could attend practices.
B) not supported by their parents and other family members.
C) unwilling to share facilities with other teams at their schools.
D) so accustomed to being excluded that they had no expectation to be included.

44) Social inclusion for people with a disability is a complex process. Which of the following is NOT a strategy to successfully achieve inclusion?

A) Recognizing that all participants have the same needs.
B) Eliminating aspects of a program that lead people to think in terms of us versus them.
C) Recognizing the reality of diversity among participants.
D) Realizing that inclusion is an ongoing process that never ends.

45) U.S. Education Secretary Arne Duncan issued a letter in 2013 informing school officials that they were expected to provide equal sport participation opportunities for students with a disability. The primary response he received was

A) a threat from high school coaches to go on strike if they had to share school facilities.
B) expressions of panic among officials who anticipated problems.
C) support from NCAA officials who wanted more disability sports at the college level.
D) political donations from companies that sell adapted sports equipment.

46) Dr. Ludwig Guttmann, the father of sports for people with disabilities, was a neurosurgeon and director of a British medical center for war veterans with spinal cord injuries. He created sports events for his patients because he thought they would

A) replace the Olympic Games during World War II.
B) be a valuable form of therapy.
C) inspire anti-war protests in Europe.
D) increase funding to support injured war veterans in Britain and the U.S.

47) When the Paralympics wanted to use Olympic images during their Los Angeles Games in 1984, the response of the International Olympic Committee demonstrated that the

A) IOC was not a willing supporter of the Paralympics.
B) Paralympics has always been able to count on support from the IOC.
C) members of the IOC wanted to use the Paralympics in their global marketing.
D) Olympics and Paralympics merge into one organization after the 1984 Los Angeles Games.

48) When the IOC branded itself and its logo, the Paralympics

A) were forced cancel the Paralympic Games for over 20 years.
B) allow their athletes to train and compete with Olympic athletes.
C) sued the IOC for the right to use the Olympic rings and flag.
D) discontinued the use of it's 5-teardrop flag.

49) To survive during the 21 ^st century, the International Paralympic Association has

A) allowed the International Olympic Committee to manage its events.
B) adopted a commercial approach similar to that used by the IOC.
C) asked all Paralympic athletes to work as fundraisers.
D) eliminated the Paralympic Games and focused on smaller events.

50) Media coverage of the Paralympics has been uneven in most countries. In the case of the 2012 Paralympics in London, which of the following countries provided no live coverage and little highlights coverage?

A) The United States.
B) Australia.
C) England.
D) Canada.

51) To be eligible to participate in the Paralympics, all athletes must be classified according to their physical impairment. This classification must be done by

A) a general practitioner who has examined and treated the athlete regularly.
B) the athlete's coach and a general practitioner.
C) trained experts who examine and evaluate the athlete.
D) medical doctors who are licensed to treat people with physical impairments.

52) The Special Olympics is the most successful disability sports organization in the world. It sponsors and organizes 50,000 competitions worldwide each year. The main criticism of the Special Olympics has been that

A) the organization depends too much on the name and reputation of its founder.
B) there are not enough volunteers to sustain events year after year.
C) participants don't develop functional skills or become integrated into the community.
D) most people with an intellectual disability work full-time and can't participate.

53) In response to criticisms of the Special Olympics programs, the organization

A) created an ability-integrated Unified Sports program.
B) worked with the NCAA to integrate its programs into college sports.
C) eliminated their events in developing countries.
D) included training in political activism with their events.

54) Research findings combined with the observations of disability rights activists indicate that the Paralympics

A) improves access to sports for all people with a disability.
B) eliminates negative attitudes towards people with a disability.
C) creates widespread interest in becoming Paralympic athletes.
D) often reaffirms ableist ideology and ableist attitudes.

55) The prosthetic technologies that enable leg amputees to participate in running sports are

A) too expensive to be acquired by most people with leg amputations.
B) funded by the U.S. military and available to anyone who qualifies for food stamps.
C) generally provided by charitable organizations serving people with a disability.
D) now manufactured with lifetime warranties and replacement guarantees.

56) Sports participation patterns among people with disabilities are influenced by the fact that people with a disability

A) receive special social security payments for purchasing sports equipment.
B) are more likely than other people to live in poverty households.
C) receive annual government subsidies for prosthetic and assistive devices.
D) usually have jobs that prevent them from playing sports.

57) Transhumanism is a perspective based on the idea that

A) God has created human beings as technology users.
B) surgeries to improve bodies are a form of medical doping.
C) ableist ideology is destructive of human progress.
D) all human bodies need improvements.