Brooks Test Bank Docx The Social And Economic Setting Ch.3

CHAPTER 3

The Social and Economic Setting

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Where did American celebrities say they would move if Donald Trump won the presidency?
   1. Canada
   2. United Kingdom
   3. Russia
   4. Sweden
   5. Mexico
2. If income inequality in Canada is measured by the share of total income accounted for by each quintile (fifth) of the population, what do statistics show about income inequality?
   1. It has remained fairly stable.
   2. It has increased significantly.
   3. It has not changed at all.
   4. It has decreased slightly with the wealthiest quintile less well off than a generation ago.
   5. It has decreased significantly.
3. Compared to the world's major capitalist economies, what has been the employment trend in Canada?
   1. A larger share of total employment in the manufacturing sector
   2. Equal employment across all sectors
   3. A much larger share of total employment in primary industries like fishing, farming, and mining
   4. Declining employment in the service sector
   5. Roughly the same share of total employment in the service sector
4. What is the main difference between deindustrializing and outsourcing?
   1. The first benefited mainly developed countries and the second benefited mainly developing countries.
   2. The first mainly involved the export of low-skill manufacturing jobs and the second also includes the export of highly-skilled jobs that often require a good deal of education.
   3. The former benefits mainly developing countries and the latter benefits mainly developed countries.
   4. There is no difference between deindustrializing and outsourcing; these are synonymous.
   5. The first resulted from changes in global tariffs and the second has been caused mainly by high levels of taxation and environmental regulation in developed economies.
5. Statistics Canada's low-income cut-off (generally referred to as the poverty line) is set at a level where more than what percentage of household income is spent on food, clothing, and shelter?
   1. 20 per cent
   2. 30 per cent
   3. 40 per cent
   4. 50 per cent
   5. 60 per cent
6. According to an OECD study, which of the following is true about victimization rates in Canada for violent offences and crimes against property?
   1. Victimization rates are lower than in most other developed countries.
   2. Victimization rates are significantly lower than in the United States.
   3. Victimization rates are much higher than the United States.
   4. Victimization rates are the same as all other OECD states.
   5. Victimization rates are lower than in the United States for violent offences but higher for crimes against property.
7. Based on various sources of data, a 2016 report of the Canadian Observatory on Homelessness estimates that about how many persons use homeless shelters each year in Canada?
   1. 235,000
   2. 50,000
   3. 100,000
   4. 15,000
   5. 150,000
8. Which of the following is the most difficult to measure accurately?
   1. Homelessness
   2. Food bank use
   3. Income inequality
   4. Unemployment
   5. Infant mortality
9. Food Banks Canada estimates that in a typical month in 2012, roughly how many people used food banks in Canada?
   1. 45,000
   2. 450,000
   3. 90,000
   4. 225,000
   5. 900,000
10. How much longer is life expectancy in Canada in 2019 than in 1961?
    1. 7 years
    2. 11 years
    3. 20 years
    4. 1 year
    5. 3 years
11. How many Canadians fall below the poverty line?
    1. 50,000
    2. 100,000
    3. Three million
    4. Four million
    5. Five million
12. What do economists worry is happening in Canada based on recent employment trends?
    1. Deindustrializing
    2. Shrinking
    3. Automation
    4. Industrializing
    5. Robot domination
13. As of 2017, how many industrialized democracies ranked ahead of Canada in terms of average real purchasing power?
    1. 0
    2. 3
    3. 10
    4. 13
    5. 1
14. Over the past 30 years, what has been the average of Canada's national level of unemployment?
    1. 10-12 per cent
    2. 4-6 per cent
    3. 13-14 per cent
    4. 15-16 per cent
    5. 7-9 per cent
15. In 1982, the top 1 per cent of income earners paid what percentage of federal, provincial, and territorial income taxes.
    1. 1.5 per cent
    2. 25.5 per cent
    3. 8.7 per cent
    4. 21.2 per cent
    5. 13.4 per cent
16. In 2015, the top 1 per cent of income earners paid what percentage of federal, provincial, and territorial income taxes?
    1. 25.5 per cent
    2. 13.4 per cent
    3. 1.5 per cent
    4. 22.2 per cent
    5. 8.7 per cent
17. In 2002, what percentage of Canadians identified as middle class in an Ekos poll?
    1. 57.8 per cent
    2. 65 per cent
    3. 99 per cent
    4. 50 per cent
    5. 70 per cent
18. In 2017, what percentage of Canadians identified as middle class in an Ekos poll?
    1. 57.8 per cent
    2. 43 per cent
    3. 99 per cent
    4. 50 per cent
    5. 78.8 per cent
19. In 2017, the top-earning 20 per cent of Canadian households accounted for how much of all income?
    1. 35 per cent
    2. 90 per cent
    3. 20 per cent
    4. 41 per cent
    5. 50 per cent
20. In a 2016 Nanos poll, what did respondents think should be the number one priority of the federal budget?
    1. Health care
    2. Military
    3. Infrastructure
    4. Economy
    5. Public Safety
21. Compared to other countries such as the United States, Great Britain, and France, how might we characterize Canada's upward economic mobility?
    1. Very low
    2. Reasonably low
    3. Very high
    4. Stable
    5. Reasonably high
22. In 2017, what was the low-income cut-off for a four-person household in a Canadian metropolitan area?
    1. $39,701
    2. $16,362
    3. $25,970
    4. $6,362
    5. $36,362
23. In 2016, what was the low-income cut-off for a four-person household in a Canadian rural area ?
    1. $24,915
    2. $19,915
    3. $25,970
    4. $21,915
    5. $29,915
24. What is the life expectancy in Canada?
    1. 90
    2. 75
    3. 87
    4. 77
    5. 82
25. What is Canada's homicide rate?
    1. 4.4 per 100,000
    2. 5.4 per 100,000
    3. 3.4 per 100,000
    4. 2.4 per 100,000
    5. 1.4 per 100,000
26. Since the 1970s, what has been the trend in the number of homicides in Canada?
    1. Increased
    2. Remained stable
    3. Decreased
    4. Increased at a faster rate than in the US
    5. Increased, but at a slower rate than in the US
27. In a 2012 survey, what percentage of Canadians said they had been a victim of a crime?
    1. 13 per cent
    2. 2 per cent
    3. 7 per cent
    4. 10 per cent
    5. 5 per cent
28. What country has been ranked the happiest country for most years since 1973?
    1. United States
    2. Mexico
    3. Canada
    4. Denmark
    5. United Kingdom
29. What unique cabinet portfolio did British Prime Minister Theresa May take on in 2018?
    1. Minister of Brexit
    2. Minister of Social Media
    3. Minister of Sport
    4. Minister of Loneliness
    5. None of the above
30. Based on one study, how many Canadians experience loneliness?
    1. 1 in 10
    2. 1 in 100
    3. 1 in 50
    4. 1 in 5
    5. 1 in 20
31. How many Canadian households consist of one person?
    1. 30 per cent
    2. 50 per cent
    3. 40 per cent
    4. 10 per cent
    5. 20 per cent
32. What are central causes of homelessness?
    1. Family conflict
    2. Domestic abuse
    3. Addiction
    4. Having spent time in jail
    5. All of the above
33. Based on a CBC report, what percentage of Vancouver's homeless were Indigenous people?
    1. 40 per cent
    2. 20 per cent
    3. 5 per cent
    4. 10 per cent
    5. 30 per cent
34. Based on a CBC report, what percentage of Vancouver's homeless were addicted to opioids?
    1. 5 per cent
    2. 25 per cent
    3. 20 per cent
    4. 15 per cent
    5. 10 per cent
35. Based on a CBC report, what percentage of Vancouver's homeless had some sort of medical condition or illness?
    1. 33 per cent
    2. 44 per cent
    3. 22 per cent
    4. 11 per cent
    5. 7 per cent
36. Which of the following is a value that Canadians consider to be important?
    1. Equality
    2. Independence
    3. Quality of life
    4. Material well-being
    5. All of the above
37. What Toronto expressway has provided shelter for homeless residents?
    1. Gardiner
    2. Don Valley
    3. 407
    4. 401
    5. Danforth
38. The definition of "public problems" warranting the attention of government is influenced in part by which of the following?
    1. Electoral platforms of political parties and candidates
    2. The sitting government of the day
    3. Her Majesty's loyal opposition
    4. Public opinion surveys and polls
    5. Society's material conditions
39. What did the City of Toronto demolish in March 2019, citing safety concerns?
    1. Hockey arenas
    2. Bars
    3. Basketball courts
    4. Roller coasters
    5. Homeless makeshift camps
40. According to Michael Spence, which of the following is directly responsible for a dearth of jobs in the American and other Western economies?
    1. Change in consumer tastes
    2. Corrupt government
    3. Globalization
    4. Ineffective political leadership
    5. Environmental policy
41. Despite persistent inequalities in Canadian society, Canadians today hold on to the belief that their society is predominantly which of the following?
    1. Libertarian
    2. Middle class
    3. Classless
    4. Lower class
    5. Affluent
42. According to a 2015 survey, what percentage of the Canadian population exceeds the limits of daily alcohol consumption?
    1. 50 per cent
    2. 10 per cent
    3. 30 per cent
    4. 40 per cent
    5. 20 per cent
43. What province or territory has the highest suicide rate in Canada?
    1. Nunavut
    2. Newfoundland and Labrador
    3. Ontario
    4. British Columbia
    5. Quebec
44. In which country do children born to immigrants experience more social mobility than their native-born counterparts?
    1. France
    2. The United Kingdom
    3. The Netherlands
    4. Canada
    5. Germany
45. In a 2016 survey, what proportion of Canadian university students reported feeling very lonely at some point over the last year?
    1. One-quarter
    2. One-fifth
    3. One-tenth
    4. Two-thirds
    5. One-half
46. In a 2012 survey, how many Canadians said they felt very safe?
    1. 35 per cent
    2. 65 per cent
    3. 55 per cent
    4. 75 per cent
    5. 45 per cent
47. In 2016, data suggested Canadians could expect to live this many years in full health?
    1. 70
    2. 50
    3. 40
    4. 80
    5. 60
48. Which country spends less than Canada on health care but have older populations?
    1. Spain
    2. Italy
    3. France
    4. Japan
    5. All of the above
49. How much of Canada's GDP is spent on health care?
    1. 25.5 per cent
    2. 45.5 per cent
    3. 35.5 per cent
    4. 10.5 per cent
    5. 15.5 per cent
50. What per cent of Indigenous people living on reserves have completed high school?
    1. 35 per cent
    2. 50 per cent
    3. 40 per cent
    4. 45 per cent
    5. 55 per cent
51. What portion of Canadians work in the service sector?
    1. Two-fifths
    2. Half
    3. Four-fifths
    4. One-fifth
    5. Three-fifths
52. In what two provinces did the real value of social assistance not increase?
    1. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia
    2. British Columbia and Alberta
    3. Ontario and Quebec
    4. Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador
    5. Saskatchewan and Manitoba
53. What percentage did the poverty rate of single-parent families fall to in 2014?
    1. 5 per cent
    2. 30 per cent
    3. 20 per cent
    4. 40 per cent
    5. 10 per cent
54. In a 2016 Nanos poll, what percent of Canadians thought health care should be one of the government's two leading priorities?
    1. 11 per cent
    2. 59 per cent
    3. 13 per cent
    4. 18 per cent
    5. 73 per cent
55. In a 2016 Nanos poll, what percent of Canadians thought infrastructure should be one of the government's two leading priorities?
    1. 11 per cent
    2. 73 per cent
    3. 59 per cent
    4. 13 per cent
    5. 18 per cent
56. In a 2016 Nanos poll, what percent of Canadians thought public safety should be one of the government's two leading priorities?
    1. 11 per cent
    2. 73 per cent
    3. 13 per cent
    4. 59 per cent
    5. 18 per cent
57. In a 2016 Nanos poll, what percent of Canadians thought the military should be one of the government's two leading priorities?
    1. 13 per cent
    2. 59 per cent
    3. 11 per cent
    4. 18 per cent
    5. 73 per cent
58. In a 2016 Nanos poll, what percent of Canadians thought the economy and jobs should be one of the government's two leading priorities?
    1. 11 per cent
    2. 13 per cent
    3. 73 per cent
    4. 59 per cent
    5. 18 per cent
59. Before World War II, what per cent of income did the top 1 per cent account for?
    1. 48 per cent
    2. 28 per cent
    3. 38 per cent
    4. 8 per cent
    5. 18 per cent
60. In the late 1970s, what per cent of income did the top 1 per cent account for?
    1. 48 per cent
    2. 8 per cent
    3. 28 per cent
    4. 38 per cent
    5. 18 per cent

True or False Questions

1. Over the last decade, Canada has maintained its average real purchasing power, which is second only to the United States.
2. Canada is not an affluent society.
3. There has been a dramatic change in the distribution of income in Canada over the last few decades.
4. The citizens of less affluent provinces have been much more dependent on various transfer payments from government for part of their incomes than have Canadians in wealthier provinces.
5. Indigenous people who live on a reserve are far more likely than those who do not to be unemployed and poor.
6. Smooth integration into the labour force often does not happen immediately, despite the fact that the Canadian economy has needed highly skilled immigrants for decades.
7. Intergenerational social mobility in Canada appears to be the same when compared with the United States and Great Britain.
8. Job prospects for immigrants have started to decline over time.
9. There are arguments that some of the real limitations on Canadian sovereignty have been imposed by economic dependence on Great Britain and the United States.
10. The rate of job creation is unrelated to the rate of growth in the economy.
11. Only about one million Canadians fall below the poverty line.
12. Poverty assumes a very different character in an affluent society like Canada.
13. The economy and unemployment are perennially towards the bottom of the issues Canadians identify as the most important facing the country.
14. Manufacturing jobs are abundant and more secure and higher-paying than they were in the past.
15. Fears over the export of low-skill manufacturing jobs have been replaced in more recent years by worries that more highly skilled jobs.
16. As of 2017, no industrial democracies ranked ahead of Canada in terms of average real purchasing power.
17. On a global scale, Canadians remain relatively wealthy.
18. Over the past 30 years, the national level of unemployment has fluctuated between a low of just under 1 per cent and a high of 5 per cent.
19. Since the mid-1990s, Canada has had the highest annual growth rate of any G7 economy.
20. Canada's number one trading partner is China.
21. A 2017 poll conducted by Ekos found that only 43 per cent of Canadians surveyed self-identified as middle class.
22. In 2017 the top-earning 20 per cent of Canadian households accounted for almost 41 per cent of all income, while the poorest one-fifth accounted for slightly less than 7 per cent.
23. There is one single answer why certain groups are particularly susceptible to poverty.
24. In Canada, average life expectancy is about 82 years.
25. A 2012 survey found that 50 per cent of Canadians said they had been the victim of a crime during the previous year.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does it mean that, in 2012, Canada ranked eleventh worldwide in terms of per capita purchasing power parities?
2. What is the "new underclass," according to Maclean's magazine?
3. What is the poverty line?
4. Who are the corporate elite?
5. What is an example of systemic discrimination?
6. What is the welfare gap?
7. What are the two reasons that the values of material well-being, equality, and quality of life are of special importance?
8. What is socio-economic mobility?
9. What is the impact of family background on a person's economic mobility?
10. How does affluence affect both the opportunities and problems faced by policy-makers?
11. Why do social and economic settings matter to political issues and outcomes?
12. What has happened to the manufacturing sector in Canada?
13. What is social assistance?
14. Why are certain groups particularly susceptible to poverty?
15. Based on survey results, are Canadians happy and satisfied with their lives?

Essay Questions

1. Which segments of Canadian society are most likely to experience low incomes? Why? Has the inequality gap grown larger in recent decades?
2. What are some of the problems associated with the quality of life in Canada and how, if at all, are these problems reflected in Canadian politics?
3. Is national independence an outdated notion in this age of globalization? Explain why you think Canadians and their governments should or should not care about the economic, cultural, and political limitations on Canadian sovereignty.
4. Discuss the quality of life for Indigenous peoples in Canada. How does the quality of life for this population group compare to the rest of Canada? As part of your answer, discuss three aspects of quality of life.
5. Why are certain groups particularly susceptible to poverty?
6. How does Canada compare to other industrialized societies in terms of measures such as health and living conditions?
7. Does Canada have a violent crime problem?
8. Does Canada have a loneliness problem?
9. Discuss the suicide epidemic in Nunavut. What are the causes and how does it compare to other jurisdictions?