Exam Prep Regionalism And Canadian Politics Chapter 5

CHAPTER 5

Regionalism and Canadian Politics

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which Canadian prime minister said that "Canada has too much geography"?
   1. Brian Mulroney
   2. Stephen Harper
   3. Pierre Trudeau
   4. John A. Macdonald
   5. Mackenzie King
2. What was Prince Edward Island's average unemployment rate for 2013-2017?
   1. 10.6 per cent
   2. 7.2 per cent
   3. 9.5 per cent
   4. 8.7 per cent
   5. 6.8 per cent
3. While the Liberal Party did much better than the Conservatives in Quebec for most of the twentieth century, where did the Conservative Party tend to be stronger than the Liberal Party?
   1. The North
   2. The West
   3. The Maritimes
   4. Ontario
   5. Cities
4. What was Nova Scotia's average unemployment rate for 2013-2017?
   1. 8.7 per cent
   2. 6.8 per cent
   3. 9.5 per cent
   4. 10.6 per cent
   5. 7.2 per cent
5. When Alberta and Saskatchewan became provinces in 1905, they did so without control over which of the following?
   1. Direct taxation
   2. Education
   3. Natural resources
   4. Immigration
   5. Municipal government
6. For which province does the National Energy Program (1980) remain a vivid memory?
   1. Quebec
   2. Nova Scotia
   3. British Columbia
   4. Ontario
   5. Alberta
7. Which of the following were cornerstones of economic policy for most of Canada's history?
   1. Sales taxes
   2. Free trade agreements
   3. Income taxes
   4. Tariffs
   5. User fees
8. According to Patrick Boyer's study of referendums, where have they been used most often?
   1. The Maritimes
   2. Ontario
   3. Quebec
   4. The Territories
   5. The West
9. "The West wants in" was the founding slogan of which party?
   1. The Canadian Alliance Party
   2. The Reform Party
   3. The Western Canada Concept
   4. The Cooperative Commonwealth Federation
   5. The Progressive movement
10. What was New Brunswick's average unemployment rate for 2013-2017?
    1. 7.2 per cent
    2. 6.8 per cent
    3. 8.7 per cent
    4. 10.6 per cent
    5. 9.5 per cent
11. In what year did the Bloc Québécois elect more MPs in Quebec than any other party?
    1. 1997
    2. 2004
    3. 1993
    4. 2006
    5. All of the above
12. Where did the Conservative Party find a resurgence in the 2006 and 2008 federal elections?
    1. Saskatchewan
    2. Ontario
    3. Newfoundland
    4. Alberta
    5. British Columbia
13. Provincial elections in British Columbia are mostly competitive between which two parties?
    1. The Social Credit Party and BC National Party
    2. The Green Party and the Progressive Conservative Party
    3. The British Columbia Party and Party BC
    4. The Liberal Party and the NDP
    5. Wildrose and the Coastal Party
14. Provincial elections in Saskatchewan are mostly competitive between which two parties?
    1. The NDP and the Saskatchewan Party
    2. The Progressive Conservative Party and the Alliance Party
    3. The Social Credit and the Liberal Party
    4. The Green Party and the Prairie Party
    5. Wildrose and the Central Party
15. Which term helps describe the Western grievances against Ottawa and the Ontario-Quebec axis that has dominated the national political scene?
    1. Eastern focus
    2. Western alienation
    3. Capital domination
    4. Central domination
    5. Western deficit
16. What was Quebec's average unemployment rate for 2013-2017?
    1. 9.5 per cent
    2. 10.6 per cent
    3. 8.7 per cent
    4. 6.8 per cent
    5. 7.2 per cent
17. What was Ontario's average unemployment rate for 2013-2017?
    1. 6.8 per cent
    2. 9.5 per cent
    3. 8.7 per cent
    4. 10.6 per cent
    5. 7.2 per cent
18. What was Manitoba's average unemployment rate for 2013-2017?
    1. 5.6 per cent
    2. 5.1 per cent
    3. 6.2 per cent
    4. 14.6 per cent
    5. 6.0 per cent
19. What was Saskatchewan's average unemployment rate for 2013-2017?
    1. 5.6 per cent
    2. 6.0 per cent
    3. 6.2 per cent
    4. 14.6 per cent
    5. 5.1 per cent
20. What was Alberta's average unemployment rate for 2013-2017?
    1. 6.2 per cent
    2. 6.0 per cent
    3. 14.6 per cent
    4. 5.6 per cent
    5. 5.1 per cent
21. What was British Columbia's average unemployment rate for 2013-2017?
    1. 6.2 per cent
    2. 5.1 per cent
    3. 14.6 per cent
    4. 5.6 per cent
    5. 6.0 per cent
22. What industry accounts for one-quarter of Alberta's GDP?
    1. Petrochemical
    2. Textiles
    3. Lumber and wood
    4. Information technology
    5. Automobile
23. On what industry is Ontario far more dependent than any other province?
    1. Lumber and wood
    2. Petrochemical
    3. Automobile
    4. Textiles
    5. Information technology
24. What year did Manitoba enter Confederation?
    1. 1949
    2. 1867
    3. 1873
    4. 1870
    5. 1905
25. Based on 2011 figures, what province had the highest median family income?
    1. Newfoundland and Labrador
    2. Alberta
    3. Saskatchewan
    4. Ontario
    5. Quebec
26. Based on averages from 2013 to 2017, what province had the highest unemployment rate?
    1. Ontario
    2. Prince Edward Island
    3. Nova Scotia
    4. New Brunswick
    5. Newfoundland and Labrador
27. How many Supreme Court justices are expected from Atlantic Canada?
    1. Two
    2. Five
    3. Zero
    4. Three
    5. One
28. What was a major disagreement between Alberta and British Columbia in 2013?
    1. The Senate
    2. The Temporary Foreign Workers program
    3. Tariffs
    4. Speed limits
    5. The Northern Gateway oil pipeline
29. According to a 2012 survey, what province appears to be the least traditionally religious province?
    1. Alberta
    2. Ontario
    3. British Columbia
    4. Newfoundland
    5. Quebec
30. In what year did the Parti Québécois begin to be one of the two dominant parties in Quebec provincial elections?
    1. 1970
    2. 1980
    3. 2000
    4. 1990
    5. 1960
31. When have the Conservatives been dominant in Western Canada since?
    1. 1950s
    2. 1990s
    3. 1970s
    4. 1960s
    5. 1980s
32. According to Debora VanNijnatten and her colleagues, which of the following refers to a distinct grouping of neighbouring and nearby provinces and states with economic, cultural, and institutional linkages that create commonalities between the members of this binational (Canada-US) grouping and set it apart from other regions?
    1. Territorial groups
    2. Sectional regions
    3. Cross-border regions
    4. Inter-border regions
    5. Binational regions
33. What jurisdiction is part of the so-called Great Lakes-Heartland cross-border region?
    1. Indiana
    2. Ohio
    3. Michigan
    4. Ontario
    5. All of the above
34. Who argued that the central Canadian perspective "fails to take account of regional experience and history and makes coherent Canadian history seem an 'imperialist creed'"?
    1. Joe Clark
    2. Preston Manning
    3. W.L. Morton
    4. Tommy Douglas
    5. Barry Cooper
35. Who followed Ralph Klein as premier in Alberta?
    1. Ed Stelmach
    2. Gordon Campbell
    3. Preston Manning
    4. John Diefenbaker
    5. Stephen Harper
36. How many Indigenous communities inhabit the coastlines of the Great Lakes?
    1. 65
    2. 35
    3. 55
    4. 75
    5. 45
37. What was the focus of British Columbia's 2002 referendum question?
    1. The electoral system
    2. Land claims and treaty negotiations
    3. Taxes
    4. Secession
    5. Alcohol licencing
38. What was the focus of British Columbia's 2005 referendum question?
    1. Alcohol licencing
    2. Secession
    3. Taxes
    4. The electoral system
    5. Land claims and treaty negotiations
39. What was the focus of British Columbia's 2011 referendum question?
    1. Alcohol licencing
    2. Sales tax
    3. Secession
    4. Land claims and treaty negotiations
    5. The electoral system
40. When did the concept of "Western alienation" enter into discussions of Canadian politics?
    1. 1990s
    2. 1980s
    3. 1950s
    4. 1960s
    5. 1970s
41. What is Westerners' common opinion of Quebec?
    1. A golden child
    2. A spoiled child
    3. A distinct society
    4. A problem child
    5. A sovereign nation
42. What did data from the 2011 Canadian Election Survey confirm?
    1. Atlantic Canadians were less alienated than ever
    2. Westerners were much less alienated than prior to the Conservative victory of 2006
    3. Canadians supported the Iraq War
    4. Support for Quebec sovereignty was at an all-time high
    5. Residents of Ontario were feeling unsure
43. What pipeline was supported by both the federal Liberal government and the government of Alberta?
    1. Pacific North
    2. Big Mountain
    3. Energy West
    4. Trans Canada
    5. Trans Mountain
44. Where would the Northern Gateway transport oil to?
    1. Kitimat
    2. Hamilton
    3. Halifax
    4. Quebec City
    5. Saint John
45. What years was Joey Smallwood premier of Newfoundland?
    1. 1979-1989
    2. 2003-2010
    3. 1949-1972
    4. 1997-2001
    5. 1991-1996
46. What party won the most seats in the 2015 Alberta provincial election?
    1. New Democratic Party
    2. Wildrose Party
    3. Liberal Party
    4. Alberta Party
    5. Progressive Conservative Party
47. What year did Alberta and Saskatchewan achieve provincial status?
    1. 1905
    2. 1874
    3. 1867
    4. 1949
    5. 1930
48. In what part of the country have protest parties had a difficulty winning seats?
    1. Maritime provinces
    2. Quebec
    3. Saskatchewan
    4. British Columbia
    5. Alberta
49. When did the NDP first win a federal seat in the Maritimes?
    1. 1974
    2. 1918
    3. 1867
    4. 1949
    5. 2011
50. What was Alberta's average unemployment rate for 2013-2017?
    1. 6.2 per cent
    2. 5.1 per cent
    3. 14.6 per cent
    4. 6.0 per cent
    5. 5.6 per cent
51. What section of Constitution Act, 1982 commits to equalization payments?
    1. 91
    2. 36
    3. 15
    4. 35
    5. 92
52. What year was the Broadcasting Act passed?
    1. 1867
    2. 1949
    3. 1991
    4. 2001
    5. 1982
53. What year was the Department of Regional Economic Expansion created?
    1. 1867
    2. 1991
    3. 2001
    4. 1949
    5. 1968
54. What per cent of Ontario's provincial GDP is accounted for by automotive vehicles and parts?
    1. 30 per cent
    2. 20 per cent
    3. 95 per cent
    4. 40 per cent
    5. 50 per cent
55. What per cent of Ontario's provincial GDP is accounted for by provincial exports?
    1. 95 per cent
    2. 20 per cent
    3. 50 per cent
    4. 30 per cent
    5. 40 per cent
56. What per cent of Ontario's provincial exports go to the United States?
    1. 20 per cent
    2. 40 per cent
    3. 50 per cent
    4. 30 per cent
    5. 95 per cent
57. In a 2019 survey what percent of Alberta respondents agreed that their province is treated fairly by Ottawa?
    1. 56 per cent
    2. 44 per cent
    3. 95 per cent
    4. 23 per cent
    5. 17 per cent
58. In a 2019 survey what percent of respondents agreed that their province is treated fairly by Ottawa?
    1. 95 per cent
    2. 56 per cent
    3. 17 per cent
    4. 23 per cent
    5. 44 per cent
59. In a 2019 survey what percent of Ontario respondents agreed that their province is treated fairly by Ottawa?
    1. 95 per cent
    2. 17 per cent
    3. 56 per cent
    4. 44 per cent
    5. 23 per cent
60. What year was the Reform Party formed?
    1. 1993
    2. 1867
    3. 1987
    4. 1968
    5. 1949

True or False Questions

1. Canadians have usually felt that regionalism is a myth.
2. For most of the twentieth century, the Conservative party has done extremely well in Quebec.
3. The Reform Party won the majority of its seats in Eastern Canada.
4. The term "Western alienation" became part of the Canadian political lexicon in the 1970s.
5. Alberta and Quebec are the two best examples of province-building.
6. There is no mention in the Constitution Act, 1867 of equalization payments to provincial governments.
7. Alberta felt that the National Energy Program was hostile to its interests.
8. Not one province differs significantly from the national mean for the measure of efficacy.
9. The Social Credit and Reform parties are examples of protest parties.
10. The majority of residents of Quebec say they have an extremely strong personal sense of belonging to Canada.
11. For most of Canada's history a cornerstone of economic policy was low tariffs on manufactured imports.
12. In recent years unemployment is lower in eastern Canadian provinces than western Canadian provinces.
13. Brian Mulroney created the National Energy Program.
14. Alberta and Saskatchewan entered Canadian Confederation in 1867.
15. Public opinion polls in British Columbia showed that a majority of the province's citizens support the Northern Gateway pipeline.
16. Mackenzie King said "Canada has too much history".
17. Alberta entered Confederation in 1905.
18. Saskatchewan entered Confederation in 1905.
19. Justin Trudeau has received support from all of the provincial premiers on his carbon pricing plan.
20. The British Columbia NDP provincial government was supportive of the Trans Mountain proposal.
21. A 2017 Environics survey found that 60 percent of Canadians placed themselves in the middle of the political spectrum.
22. Quebec, once thought to be the most traditionally religious province, now appears to be the least.
23. During the years of Conservative federal governments (2006-2015), when the West was well represented in Ottawa, talk of western alienation increased.
24. John A. Macdonald hoped provinces would simply evolve into little more than 'glorified municipalities'.
25. The Senate incorporates the principle of regional representation.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why is regionalism considered to be "murky"?
2. What is the connection between regionalism and Canada's party system?
3. What was the initial political success of the Reform Party?
4. What are some of the economic disparities between regions in Canada?
5. What are some national structures and policies intended to accommodate regional interests and perspectives?
6. What are some of key economic industries of each province?
7. What was the 1980 National Energy Program? What is its legacy?
8. Who is at odds over the Northern Gateway and what is the source of the disagreement?
9. Which provincial residents have the strongest sense of belonging to Canada and to their province?
10. What do Debora VanNijnatten and her colleagues mean by cross-border regions?
11. Why did bumper stickers emerge, "Let the eastern bastards freeze in the dark".
12. What has been the political response to Kinder Morgan's Trans Mountain pipeline expansion?
13. What is province-building?
14. What are some examples of Canadian protest parties?
15. How did Jason Kenney discuss western alienation in 2018?

Essay Questions

1. Would Canada be better off if regional identities were less significant? Explain your answer.

2. Westerners, in particular, have often seen Ottawa as insensitive to their region's interests and preferences and willing to exploit them for the benefit of central Canada. Are they right? Explain your answer.

3. What factors have contributed to the persistence of regionalism in Canada and to its importance in Canadian politics?

4. How significant are the cultural differences between the regions of Canada? Are they different in ways that produce different political outlooks, which that may generate inter-regional conflict?

5. Given that the Maritimes provinces constitute Canada's poorest region, why have their grievances not resulted in the development of such a strong counter-reaction as in the Western provinces?

6. What is Canada's experience with tariffs?

7. What did a 2013 survey suggest about Canadian identity?

8. Discuss how provincial party systems differ from the federal party system in Canada.

9. Discuss intergovernmental conflict in Canada.

10. Discuss populism in Canada.