Chapter 6: Becoming a Parent

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Evidence indicates that about ______ of all pregnancies are unplanned, and about one fourth of the unintended pregnancies are “mistimed.”

A. 20%

B. 30%

C. 40%

D. 50%

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Current estimates show that the cost of having and rearing a child through the age of 17 averages ______.

A. $100,000

B. $144,000

C. $234,000

D. $289,000

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Aisha is interested in reducing the expenses associated with the birth and care of her new baby. Which of the following choices will help her meet her goal?

A. formula versus breastfeeding

B. “natural” childbirth versus planned “C-section”

C. disposable diapers versus diaper service

D. none of these choices change the cost substantially

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. In the past, voluntarily childless couples were often viewed with pity or concern. Today, about ______ of couples in the United States and ______ of couples in Germany are choosing the “childfree” state.

A. 18%; 25%

B. 15%; 30%

C. 25%; 7%

D. 25%; 18%

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Box 6.1: Deciding to Have a Child

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Harmful agents (e.g., drugs, infections, diseases) that can damage the developing embryo are called ______.

A. teratogens

B. antagonists

C. toxic agents

D. endorphins

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Getting Pregnant, Staying Pregnant, and Encountering Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is characterized by abnormal facial features, growth deficiencies, and problems with the child’s central nervous system. Which of the following statements best describes what we know about the cause of the disorder?

A. To cause FAS, a mother must ingest alcohol on multiple occasions.

B. To cause FAS, a mother must drink during the first 2 weeks of pregnancy.

C. To guarantee no FAS, a mother should avoid alcohol consumption.

D. If babies born to alcoholic mothers appear normal, they have no effects.

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Getting Pregnant, Staying Pregnant, and Encountering Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Cindy is a smoker who is expecting a baby. According to the March of Dimes, Cindy is increasing her risk of delivering a preterm or underweight baby by ______. Her smoking also increases the likelihood that her baby will be stillborn.

A. 25%

B. 50%

C. 100%

D. 200%

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application

Answer Location: Getting Pregnant, Staying Pregnant, and Encountering Problems

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. About ______ of women experience some type of infertility problem.

A. 11%

B. 6%

C. 18%

D. 25%

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Infertility and Its Treatment

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. Although the majority of babies born with Down syndrome are born to women under the age of 30, the likelihood that a woman will deliver a baby with Down syndrome increases dramatically after about age ______.

A. 35

B. 40

C. 45

D. 50

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Infertility and Its Treatment

Difficulty Level: Medium

10 Which of the following statements is the most accurate regarding the effects of delayed parenthood?

A. Delayed parenthood results in an increased likelihood of fertility problems.

B. Older mothers, but not older fathers, are more at risk for fertility issues.

C. It is impossible for a woman under the age of 40 to have a child with Down syndrome.

D. Older fathers, but not mothers, more often have children who develop autism.

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Infertility and Its Treatment

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. The most common cause of male infertility is ______.

A. erectile dysfunction

B. a high number of abnormal sperm

C. poor sperm motility

D. low sperm count

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension

Answer Location: Infertility and Its Treatment

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Of the following assisted reproductive technologies, ______ is the most common and occurs when sperm is placed by a catheter directly into the uterus.

A. gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

B. intrauterine insemination (IUI)

C. zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)

D. intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Infertility and Its Treatment

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Wendy and Daisuke used an assisted reproductive technology (ART) to overcome fertility problems. Using a laparoscope, the couple’s embryologist placed Daisuke’s sperm and Wendy’s egg(s) into her fallopian tube. This ART technique is referred to as ______.

A. gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

B. intrauterine insemination (IUI)

C. zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)

D. intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application

Answer Location: Infertility and Its Treatment

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. Using a new assisted reproductive technology technique, a single healthy sperm is selected and then injected into a single female egg. The zygote is then inserted into the woman for implantation. This technique is referred to as ______.

A. gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

B. intrauterine insemination (IUI)

C. zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)

D. intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension

Answer Location: Infertility and Its Treatment

Difficulty Level: Hard

15. The sex chromosomes are the ______ pair.

A. 21st

B. 22nd

C. 23rd

D. 24th

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Analysis

Answer Location: Genetic Defects

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. When an extra X chromosome is present in males (XXY), the condition is known as ______ and results in small testicles and reduced fertility.

A. Klinefelter syndrome

B. Turner syndrome

C. Cri du chat syndrome

D. Down syndrome

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Genetic Defects

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. An extra 21st chromosome causes ______, which results in particular facial features and a range of mental impairment.

A. Klinefelter syndrome

B. Turner syndrome

C. Cri du chat syndrome

D. Down syndrome

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Genetic Defects

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. When an X chromosome is completely missing in females, the condition is known as ______ and results in short stature and infertility.

A. Klinefelter syndrome

B. Turner syndrome

C. Cri du chat syndrome

D. Down syndrome

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Genetic Defects

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. When the fifth segment of the X chromosome is missing in males or females, the condition is known as ______ and results in a strange, high pitched cry in babies, along with other more severe symptoms.

A. Klinefelter syndrome

B. Turner syndrome

C. Cri du chat syndrome

D. Down syndrome

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Genetic Defects

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. “Miscarriages” are pregnancy losses that end before ______ weeks of gestation. Losses that happen later in the pregnancy are referred to as “stillbirths.”

A. 8

B. 12

C. 16

D. 20

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Maternal Problems During Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Hard

21. As many as ______ of all pregnancies are believed to end in miscarriage--often before a mother is even aware she is pregnant.

A. 20%

B. 30%

C. 40%

D. 50%

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension

Answer Location: Maternal Problems During Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg ______.

A. implants someplace other than the uterus

B. implants in the uterus, but does not develop a placenta

C. dies before implantation in the uterus

D. fails to divide as it travels down the fallopian tube

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension

Answer Location: Maternal Problems During Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Although the average first labor lasts ______ hr, labor is often shorter for second and subsequent births.

A. 10–12

B. 12–14

C. 14–16

D. 16–18

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension

Answer Location: Labor and Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Hard

24. Vaginal births are divided into stages. Stage 3 is ______.

A. pre-labor

B. labor

C. deliver of the baby

D. delivery of the placenta

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Labor and Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. In 2016, almost a third of babies born were delivered by C-section in the United States. According to the American Medical Association, the rate of C-sections medically warranted is about ______. Unwarranted C-sections increase risks for mother and baby.

A. 50%

B. 25–50%

C. 35%

D. 20%

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension

Answer Location: Labor and Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Hard

26. Vanessa and her husband are making a birthing plan. Vanessa has read that using pain medications during childbirth can cause newborns to have problems with breastfeeding. Because she wants to avoid these medications, if at all possible, she is choosing the ______ method.

A. Bradley

B. Maldan

C. Grantly

D. Lamaze

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Labor and Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Newborn babies are considered premature if they are delivered prior to ______ weeks of gestation.

A. 37

B. 38

C. 39

D. 40

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Preterm Baby

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. “Very low birth weight” babies weigh less than ______ pound(s).

A. 0.3

B. 1.0

C. 3.3

D. 5.5

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Preterm Baby

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. The percentage of low birth weight African American newborns is ______ the rate found in non-Hispanic Whites.

A. one third

B. twice

C. half

D. equal to

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension

Answer Location: The Preterm Baby

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Some studies indicate that new mothers spend the equivalent of ______ hr or more per week working in the home.

A. 40

B. 60

C. 80

D. 100

Learning Objective: 6-2: To list some of challenges in parenting a newborn.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension

Answer Location: Transitioning to Parenthood

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Sandra and Tom have been experiencing a drop in their marital satisfaction. Sandra thinks that having a baby would take them back to marital bliss and is considering getting pregnant without consulting Tom. Which of the following statements best describes the results that Sandra and Tom should expect?

A. Research confirms that marital satisfaction improves after the birth of a child.

B. Research indicates that couples experience a drop in satisfaction after the birth of a child.

C. Couples who planned their pregnancy maintained very high levels of marital satisfaction.

D. Research indicates that a new baby will neither increase nor decrease marital satisfaction.

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Transitioning to Parenthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. Most new moms appreciate help from their partners in caring for a newborn. However, as many as 20% of new mothers are hesitant to let their partners engage in any childcare responsibilities. These mothers are referred to as ______ moms.

A. alienated

B. reluctant

C. concierge

D. gatekeeper

Learning Objective: 6-2: To list some of challenges in parenting a newborn.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Transitioning to Parenthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Current research indicates that the process of developing a parent–infant bond ______.

A. is a gradual process in which infant and caregiver get to know each other

B. occurs immediately after childbirth during a “sensitive” period

C. must occur first with mothers, and then may be followed by other caregivers

D. may be permanently harmed if newborns require any type of medical intervention

Learning Objective: 6-2: To list some of challenges in parenting a newborn.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parenting the Newborn

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Monique loves her new baby. It sometimes seems like she knows what he needs, even before he needs it. She quickly and consistently responds to his cries and usually knows just how to soothe him. Monique would be described as a(n) ______ caregiver.

A. indulgent

B. spoiling

C. sensitive

D. reactive

Learning Objective: 6-2: To list some of challenges in parenting a newborn.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Parental Sensitivity

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for about ______ months.

A. 3

B. 6

C. 9

D. 12

Learning Objective: 6-2: To list some of challenges in parenting a newborn.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Breastfeeding

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. Despite a long list of benefits and an endorsement by the American Academy of Pediatrics, many U.S. mothers still do not breastfeed their babies. Approximately ______ of newborns are breastfed right after birth and the percentage drops to only about ______ by the time the infants are 6 months of age.

A. 60%; 34%

B. 50%; 22%

C. 60%; 44%

D. 77%; 49%

Learning Objective: 6-2: To list some of challenges in parenting a newborn.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension

Answer Location: Breastfeeding

Difficulty Level: Hard

37. Inflammation of the breasts, most commonly caused by blocked milk ducts, is labeled ______.

A. mastitis

B. otitis media

C. rhinitis

D. myositis

Learning Objective: 6-2: To list some of challenges in parenting a newborn.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Breastfeeding

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. The majority of new mothers experience “baby blues,” a feeling of letdown that subsides in a few days. A more serious condition called postpartum ______ is characterized by the loss of the ability to discern what is real and what is not. These mothers may experience delusions, hallucinations, and have obsessive thoughts about the baby.

A. depression

B. dissociation

C. psychosis

D. hypomania

Learning Objective: 6-2: To list some of challenges in parenting a newborn.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Postpartum Depression

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Within the United States, there are dramatic differences in infant mortality among African American women (11.10/1,000), non-Hispanic White women (4.95/1,000), and Hispanic women (4.99/1,000). A key reason for the difference is ______.

A. genetic vulnerabilities

B. poverty and access to prenatal care

C. racial prejudice

D. poor parenting

Learning Objective: 6-2: To list some of challenges in parenting a newborn.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Problem of Infant Mortality

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. Although the United States is the richest nation in the world as defined by per capita income, ______ European countries have lower rates of infant mortality.

A. all

B. half

C. one-third

D. two-thirds

Learning Objective: 6-2: To list some of challenges in parenting a newborn.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Problem of Infant Mortality

Difficulty Level: Easy

41. Immunizations account for saved lives and billions of dollars in savings for society. However, only about ______ of parents immunize their children against seven major childhood diseases.

A. 52%

B. 63%

C. 75%

D. 86%

Learning Objective: 6-2: To list some of challenges in parenting a newborn.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Preventable Illnesses

Difficulty Level: Medium

42. In a study of 600 couples, four types of parents were identified based on the pattern of advantages and disadvantages mentioned in the study. Which of the following scenarios would be labeled as “anti-children?”

A. The couple thinks children add excitement, but result in drastic lifestyle change, create many responsibilities, increase expenses and contribute to overpopulation.

B. The couple thinks children allow for a full family life, provide a source of love and affection, promote a sense of immortality, but also create worry and tension.

C. The couple has not thought much about having children.

D. none of these

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Application | Analysis

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. Women experience many changes during pregnancy. In an effort to have lower levels of parenting stress later on, it is advised that women ______.

A. resist the hormonal and emotional shifts

B. limit weight gain to avoid body-image issues

C. reduce stress and accept all of its changes

D. all of these

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application

Answer Location: Getting Pregnant, Staying Pregnant, and Encountering Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

44. A ______ is a woman who is inseminated with sperm from the male partner of the infertile couple, whereas a(n) ______ is a woman implanted with an embryo.

A. gestational carrier; surrogate

B. surrogate; gestational carrier

C. surrogate; embryonic carrier

D. none of these

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Infertility and Its Treatment

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. Examples of genetic diseases passed via recessive inheritance include all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A. Tay-Sachs

B. cystic fibrosis

C. Huntington’s disease

D. hemophilia

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension

Answer Location: Genetic Defects

Difficulty Level: Hard

46. A mother giving birth is experiencing severe pain and requires the use of pain medication. Through an IV, the doctor administers a(n) ______, providing pain relief without total loss of feeling or muscle movement.

A. anesthetic

B. analgesic

C. epidural

D. spinal block

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Application

Answer Location: Labor and Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Medium

47. Janet is going in for a pregnancy checkup. The doctor reveals that she is 6 times more likely to give birth preterm. Which of the following scenarios might explain this increased likelihood?

A. Janet underwent IVF to conceive and the procedure is inherently risky.

B. Janet underwent IVF to conceive and it resulted in multiple embryos.

C. Janet has risky lifestyle factors such as smoking.

D. Janet is from India, where there is a high number of premature births.

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Application | Analysis

Answer Location: The Preterm Baby

Difficulty Level: Hard

48. One mother has just given birth. She is limited to exposure with her infant to every 4 hr when she feeds the baby. Another mother has just given birth and is given her newborn right after birth for an hour plus additional 5 hr each of the next 3 days. According to Klaus and Kennell’s (1972) research study, the second mother will exhibit ______ than the first.

A. more separation anxiety

B. less separation anxiety

C. less bonding with the newborn

D. more bonding with the newborn

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Parenting the Newborn

Difficulty Level: Easy

49. Which of the following populations have significantly lower rates of breastfeeding, contributing to what has been termed the “breast milk gap?”

A. adolescent mothers

B. mothers of unintended births

C. lower income mothers

D. all of these

Learning Objective: 6-2: To list some of challenges in parenting a newborn.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Breastfeeding

Difficulty Level: Easy

50. Which of the following is an ethical concern that might discourage the use of genetic testing?

A. predicting an offspring’s susceptibility to illness

B. confirming the quality of parenting

C. violation of privacy or discrimination

D. helping make a major life decision

Learning Objective: 6-3: To summarize some of the complex ethical issues regarding fertility.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Genetic Testing

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Yolanda and Manuel are among the couples surveyed based on the pattern of advantages and disadvantages of having children. They had a long list of both advantages and disadvantages. As a result, they would be labeled as “indifferent.”

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. E-cigarettes are unregulated and deliver nicotine to the developing embryo, and thus should be avoided.

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Getting Pregnant, Staying Pregnant, and Encountering Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Natalie is hoping to get pregnant with her second child. Her previous pregnancy, however, revealed a genetic problem. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an option to screen for certain genetic diseases to reduce risk this time around.

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Application

Answer Location: Infertility and Its Treatment

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Autism spectrum disorders are more common genetic disorders than Down syndrome.

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Genetic Defects

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. A prospective study showed results that the more peanuts and tree nuts the mothers consumed while pregnant, the less likely her child was to develop an allergy to those nuts.

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Maternal Problems During Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. The single greatest risk to a baby during delivery is either hypoxia, a shortage of oxygen, or anoxia, total lack of oxygen. Under these conditions, the fetus could suffer brain damage or death.

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Labor and Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. A C-section birth, while more expensive, can be beneficial in that it releases hormones that promote healthy lung function and aids in removing fluid from the lungs.

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Labor and Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. China is the country identified with the second highest number of premature births.

Learning Objective: 6-1: To describe the processes involved in the decision to have a child, pregnancy, and delivery.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Preterm Baby

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Supportive co-parenting has not been shown to have any significant ties to parental happiness with their spouse.

Learning Objective: 6-2: To list some of challenges in parenting a newborn.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Co-Parenting

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Crispr-Cas9 provides the ability of make changes in DNA in order to design a child’s genome. There have been cases in which parents have selected embryos in order to share their existing disability.

Learning Objective: 6-3: To summarize some of the complex ethical issues regarding fertility.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Designer Babies

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. List four changes that occur for parents after the birth of a child.

Learning Objective: 6-2: To list some of challenges in parenting a newborn.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Why might marital satisfaction tend to decrease after the birth of a child? What family processes are at work?

Learning Objective: 6-2: To list some of challenges in parenting a newborn.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Analysis

Answer Location: Transitioning to Parenthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Briefly describe the characteristics and possible consequences of postpartum depression, as well as possible treatment techniques.

Learning Objective: 6-2: To list some of challenges in parenting a newborn.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Postpartum Depression

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Where does America rank among other nations with regard to infant mortality? What accounts for that ranking and how can it be reduced?

Learning Objective: 6-2: To list some of challenges in parenting a newborn.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Analysis

Answer Location: The Problem of Infant Mortality

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Identify and discuss two ethical issues associated with the advent of reproductive technology, addressing both positive and negative consequences.

Learning Objective: 6-3: To summarize some of the complex ethical issues regarding fertility.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application

Answer Location: Ethical Issues

Difficulty Level: Hard