Chapter 8: Parenting Preschoolers

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Preschoolers differ from toddlers in many ways. Which of the following changes may provide parents with new challenges?

A. improved language skills

B. sleeping through the night

C. improved emotion regulation

D. developing sense of autonomy

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parenting a Preschooler

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. From age 3 to 5, children’s rigidity about gender-divided roles is evidenced in several areas. However, rigidity about ______ decreases during this time.

A. dress-up play

B. gender-typed play

C. gender-typed appearance

D. sex segregation

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gender Identity

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Along with promoting certain gender differences, parents enforce gender conformity. This is especially true with parents of boys. In addition, pressure for gender conformity is more likely to come from parents who have ______ gender attitudes.

A. restrictive

B. traditional

C. liberal

D. egalitarian

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gender Identity

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Which of the following statements best describes the role of socialization in gender development?

A. Gender identity develops from a biological basis in concert with personal, parental, peer, and societal pressures.

B. Parents can successfully force gender reassignment only if all environmental influences are fully sex-typed.

C. Parents must carefully monitor cross-gender play (i.e., boys wearing dresses) to reduce gender identity confusion.

D. With regard to gender development, children are most influenced by peers.

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gender Identity

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. When Lorena was a toddler, her mother began asking what clothes she wanted to wear. For example, she would ask, “Would you like to wear the white sweater or the blue one?” By giving Lorena the option to choose, she encouraged the development of her daughter’s ______.

A. autonomy

B. empathy

C. socialization

D. integrity

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Application

Answer Location: Autonomy

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. On the advice of famous John Hopkins University sex researcher John Money, a young boy who had suffered a medical injury to his penis was castrated, surgically reconstructed to appear female, and then raised as a girl. The outcome for the boy showed that gender identity is ______.

A. completely determined by socialization processes performed by parents

B. strongly influenced by genetics and immune to socialization processes

C. dependent on genetics, but can be shifted dramatically by psychotherapy

D. strongly influenced by the acceptance of gender roles by a person’s culture

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gender Identity | Box 8.1: The Boy Who Was Reared as a Girl

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Padma wants to encourage her son’s autonomy. Which of the following actions is likely to lead to a preschooler’s sense of autonomy?

A. maintaining a very structured environment

B. letting him choose which vegetable to eat

C. choosing the most nutritious food for him

D. making sure he spends time with his father

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application

Answer Location: Autonomy

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Parents who allow their children to become largely autonomous at an early age and provide little, if any, control would be classified by Baumrind as ______.

A. uninvolved

B. authoritative

C. authoritarian

D. permissive

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Application

Answer Location: Autonomy

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Which of the following common behavior problems would be categorized as internalizing behavior?

A. disobedience

B. frustration

C. sadness

D. anger

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Analysis

Answer Location: Emotion Regulation and Self-Control

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Young Charlie has a difficult time regulating his emotions. He often acts out in aggressive ways. These behaviors are examples of ______ behaviors.

A. self-separating

B. externalizing

C. non-regulating

D. internalizing

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Emotion Regulation and Self-Control

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Tantrums are a common problem in families with toddlers and preschoolers. Researchers estimate that as many as ______ of 2- to 3-year-old children experience this sign of emotion dysregulation.

A. 30%

B. 50%

C. 70%

D. 80%

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Emotion Regulation and Self-Control

Difficulty Level: Hard

12. When researchers require a child to suppress a predominant response (eat a marshmallow right away) and instead perform a subdominant action (wait 15 min and receive two marshmallows), they are testing the child’s ______ control.

A. extrinsic

B. intrinsic

C. effortful

D. automatic

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension

Answer Location: Emotion Regulation and Self-Control

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Actions considered beneficial to other people or society as a whole are referred to as ______. Parents promote these behaviors in their toddlers by verbalizing empathetic concerns, modeling, and verbally reinforcing acts of kindness.

A. collective benefits

B. prosocial behavior

C. cooperative actions

D. positive behavior

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prosocial Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Three-year-old Jackson snatched his brother’s, Brandon, toy. Their mother, Cassandra, gently said, “Look! You made him feel sad. How would you feel if Brandon grabbed your toy?” Developmental Psychologists would probably say that her approach to the situation ______.

A. will backfire and threaten her son’s self-confidence

B. is too permissive and will be ineffective in the long run

C. will increase prosocial behavior because it promotes empathy

D. will probably be more effective with a girl

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Prosocial Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Roberto and Amy want to encourage compassion in their young son. Research indicates that the best way to achieve this parenting goal is to respond to the child’s inappropriate behaviors ______.

A. by verbalizing empathetic concerns and using power assertions to punish unkind acts

B. by ignoring actions that are not in line with their goals and limiting explanations

C. with reprimands that are nonpunitive and which include an explanation of the misdeed

D. with reprimands that shame the child for the mean nature of the misdeeds

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Prosocial Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Parents’ use of discipline peaks when children are ______ years old.

A. 1–2

B. 2–3

C. 3–5

D. 5–7

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Corporal Punishment

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the effects of spanking?

A. Spanking seems to reduce reactive aggression in children.

B. When administered appropriately, spanking promotes psychosocial development.

C. Spanking is associated with increased aggression in children.

D. Spanking reduces the likelihood that a boy will grow up to abuse his own child.

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Corporal Punishment

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Which of the following statements best describes what happens when parents use positive discipline?

A. Parents are the bosses and children are expected to comply with their wishes.

B. Because of positive interactions, parents no longer need to provide structure.

C. Parents and children adopt a cooperative relationship orientation.

D. Parents work to reach child-centered goals to the exclusion of their own.

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Positive Parenting

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. ADHD is a disorder characterized by high activity levels and an inability to concentrate for long periods of time. As of 2013, estimates of the prevalence of the disorder go as high as ______ of the population of children.

A. 11%

B. 16%

C. 21%

D. 26%

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension

Answer Location: Preschoolers With ADHD

Difficulty Level: Hard

20. The rate of ADHD has doubled in 20 years. Possible explanations include changes in diagnosis procedures and greater awareness of the problem. Another possibility is school policies that push for diagnoses so that problem students will ______.

A. receive fewer services from needy school districts

B. not be counted in the district’s test score average

C. be transferred to alternative school district campuses

D. receive the appropriate disciplinary interventions

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Preschoolers With ADHD | Box 8.2: Why Is ADHD Increasing?

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Many parents prepare their preschoolers for entry into kindergarten with high hopes of academic success. Which of the following actions have been shown to predict early academic skills?

A. reading to your child on a regular basis

B. scaffolding in order to give the child autonomy

C. enrolling the child into early education intervention programs

D. all of these

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Child Care and School Readiness

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Due to social realities such as death of a spouse, maternal employment, and single parenthood, day care is a necessity for many families. In fact, just over ______ of American children under the age of 5 are in some type of childcare arrangement.

A. 45%

B. 50%

C. 55%

D. 60%

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Child Care and School Readiness

Difficulty Level: Hard

23. Some critics fear that putting children in day care centers puts them at risk for behavior and developmental problems. Which of the following statements best describes the effects of day care?

A. Parental sensitivity is a weaker prediction of child development than day care attendance.

B. Children who attend higher quality day care tend to have higher vocabulary scores.

C. Extended periods of time spent in childcare facilities can interfere with maternal attachment status.

D. Children in day care only have problems when the childcare staff adopt an authoritarian interaction style.

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Child Care and School Readiness | Box 8.3: Are Childcare Centers Bad for Children?

Difficulty Level: Hard

24. By 24 months of age, as many as ______ of infants are regularly watching TV, DVDs, or videos.

A. 30%

B. 50%

C. 70%

D. 90%

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Screen Time

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. A longitudinal study of almost 2,000 children revealed that the more television viewing they did as toddlers, the ______.

A. worse they functioned in kindergarten

B. more skilled they were at video games

C. better they functioned in kindergarten

D. the less likely they were to become obese

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Screen Time

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Childhood obesity is a serious health problem for children in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as of 2018, ______ of all children 2–5 years old are obese.

A. 5.7%

B. 10.4%

C. 13.9%

D. 15.5%

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Childhood Obesity

Difficulty Level: Hard

27. In a sample of low-income mothers, having a child who was an overweight preschooler only became a concern when the child ______.

A. developed serious medical issues

B. asked for help with the issue

C. was teased by peers

D. became an overweight teen

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Childhood Obesity

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. Young children who experience early stressors may show a variety of effects including ______.

A. fearless responses to new stressors

B. better self-regulation mechanisms

C. greater reactivity to stimuli

D. a healthier response to future stressors

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adverse Childhood Experience and Child Behavior Problems

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Parents can protect their children from some of the effects of stress by ______.

A. exposing them as soon as possible to the harsh realities of life

B. modeling healthy coping behaviors when stressful events occur

C. avoiding discussing or explaining stressful events at any time

D. delaying professional help for children until it is absolutely necessary

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adverse Childhood Experience and Child Behavior Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Preschoolers drastically increase their understanding and use of language. Compared to the typical toddler using about 300 words, preschoolers, just 2 years later, use about ______ words.

A. 800

B. 1,000

C. 2,500

D. 4,000

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parenting a Preschooler

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Ensuring safety and sustenance is an important parenting task during the preschool years. All of the following are examples of this task EXCEPT ______.

A. the child now eats most of the foods their parents eat

B. the parents continue to limit screen time

C. parents begin to pull back on monitoring as the child begins to self-regulate

D. parents provide safe play environments

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parenting a Preschooler

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. When it comes to communicating with your child in the preschool years, it is encouraged that parents ______, in consideration that the child will ask more questions if they are ready for more information.

A. explain things simply

B. resistant explaining things

C. explain things in great detail

D. become comfortable with silence

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parenting a Preschooler

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Becca brings her pink pony to preschool and loves to play with it during down time. Her peer, Dani, feels compelled to also have a pink pony and asks her parents to buy her the toy. Dani is likely susceptible to the ______ pressure felt by preschoolers to conform to widely held gender-types.

A. implicit

B. explicit

C. internal

D. external

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Gender Identity

Difficulty Level: Hard

34. Five-year-old twins Brandon and Britney are generally well-behaved children, but when they act out, their dad spanks Brandon and sends Britney to her room. This is an example of what practice?

A. assertive parenting

B. differential punishment

C. gender socialization

D. differential socialization

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Application

Answer Location: Gender Identity

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. Which of the following concerning child autonomy and overprotection is considered to be valid?

A. Overprotection is linked to no behavior and mental health problems.

B. Parents who are highly overprotective give plenty of autonomy to their children.

C. Parents who are overprotective negotiate with their children.

D. Overprotection may be appropriate in the case of a child with certain disabilities.

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Autonomy

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. A parent wants to encourage achievement motivation and reduce the likelihood that their child will be tempted to cheat as they anticipate the start of their education. Which of the following responses would be most appropriate after their child has finished a challenging puzzle?

A. “You are so smart!”

B. “Wow, you finished that way faster than anyone else!”

C. “You worked very hard to finish that puzzle!”

D. “This puzzle must have been too easy, you must need a harder one!”

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Autonomy

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. ______ is defined as the cognitive processes enabling inhibitory control, resistance to distraction, problem-solving, and goal-directed behavior.

A. Executive functioning

B. Cognitive functioning

C. Executive reasoning

D. Cognitive reasoning

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Emotion Regulation and Self-Control

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. Parents influence the development of emotion regulation in all of the following ways EXCEPT ______.

A. degree of sensitivity in response to one’s infant

B. modeling of emotion regulation

C. teaching about emotions and emotion management

D. participating in sports activities

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Emotion Regulation and Self-Control

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. A mother finds their child drawing on the walls with markers. In response, the mother shames the child by telling them that they are a bad kid and refuses to hug the child for the rest of the day. This disciplinary approach ______.

A. is an effective means of making sure the child doesn’t repeat the behavior

B. promotes the child to care about their surroundings

C. promotes the avoidance of adults

D. hardens them toward future shaming in middle childhood

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Prosocial Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. A recent study by Gershoff and colleagues concluded that the evidence is strong enough to ______.

A. show that corporal punishment and child outcomes are strictly correlational

B. inform parents and policy makers that all corporal punishment should be avoided

C. allow the appropriate use of corporal punishment to effectively discipline children

D. show that child difficultness and maternal warmth are strong mediators

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Corporal Punishment

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. Positive parenting is also referred to as which of the following titles?

A. positive discipline

B. deattachment parenting

C. violent parenting

D. negative discipline

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension

Answer Location: Positive Parenting

Difficulty Level: Medium

42. Caleb is 4 years old and just can’t seem to sit still. He talks nonstop and has trouble waiting in lines with his parents and peers. In an effort to reduce their stress, Caleb’s parents have taken the child to the doctor and are prescribed Vyvanse, a ______ that ______.

A. stimulate; is proven to have no negative consequences

B. sedative; works like Benadryl to calm the child

C. stimulate; has unknown effects on the developing brain

D. sedative; can have many negative effects on the brain

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Preschoolers With ADHD

Difficulty Level: Medium

43. Children from under-resourced families benefit largely by attending early education intervention program. A study found that these programs increased their IQ by more than ______ point(s), and ______ points when the intervention was more educationally focused.

A. one; six

B. one; seven

C. four; six

D. three; seven

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Child Care and School Readiness

Difficulty Level: Hard

44. All of the following circumstances can undermine school readiness EXCEPT ______.

A. watching educational television shows

B. being socioeconomically disadvantaged

C. moving three or more times

D. marital conflict

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Child Care and School Readiness

Difficulty Level: Easy

45. Which of the following parent behaviors would most closely match the recommendation of the American Academy of Pediatrics involving use of media for children?

A. Under the age of 2, parents avoid all digital media except educational videos.

B. For 2- to 5-year-old, parents limit exposure to digital media to 1 hr a day.

C. Parents allow children to watch TV on their own.

D. Parents allow the TV to be left on in the background at mealtime.

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Screen Time

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. Caitlin is a preschooler who is struggling with attention. She cannot seem to focus on one game at a time while in day care. According to the text, Caitlin most likely watches ______ of television per day.

A. less than 30 min

B. 1–3 hr

C. 3 or more hours

D. 24 hr

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application

Answer Location: Screen Time | Table 8.4: Some of the Negative Effects Associated With Television Exposure

Difficulty Level: Easy

47. The rate of childhood obesity is significantly higher among African American populations, where one in ______ preschoolers have a body mass index at or above the 95th percentile of other children of that same age and sex.

A. three

B. five

C. seven

D. nine

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Analysis

Answer Location: Childhood Obesity

Difficulty Level: Medium

48. Maria is concerned about her preschooler’s weight. She wants to be a positive influence for the health of her child. Along with choosing to serve fruits and vegetables and being authoritative, warm, and proactive, Maria can do which of the following?

A. provide water instead of fruit juices

B. modeling healthy meal selection

C. signing her child up for the local youth soccer team

D. all of these

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Childhood Obesity

Difficulty Level: Easy

49. A common finding of the Adverse Childhood Experiences assessment was a dose–response relation with many indices of adult physical and mental health. Otherwise put, a child exposed to a greater number of adverse experiences ______.

A. will be better adept at handling stress in the future

B. has a greater likelihood of health problems as an adult

C. has a smaller likelihood of health problems as an adult

D. will likely exhibit higher degrees of self-regulation

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Adverse Childhood Experience and Child Behavior Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

50. The Adverse Childhood Experience study assessed the recollections of childhood experiences of about 17,500 members of a health maintenance organization. The study found that ______ of the middle-class adults reported at least 1 of the 10 forms of child maltreatment.

A. 13%

B. 26%

C. 33%

D. 45%

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adverse Childhood Experience and Child Behavior Problems

Difficulty Level: Hard

True/False

1. In providing social connectedness for preschoolers, parents need not be concerned with leaving their child with unfamiliar relatives or friends, as this is the time for child to learn to deal with uncertainty.

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parenting a Preschooler

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. According to the text, a baby stroller is considered a gender-neutral toy, and thus is equally preferred among boys and girls.

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gender Identity

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. As exemplified in a study of 300 preschoolers in China, children who are praised for their ability rather than their performance were more likely to cheat on a game.

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Autonomy

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Khloe is asked to only have one piece of Halloween candy per day. Despite wanting to eat all of it, or at least more than she should, she is able to exhibit self-control and picks her favorite for the day to have as a treat at lunchtime. Khloe’s self-regulation will lead to more positive health measures in her adulthood.

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Emotion Regulation and Self-Control

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. A meta-analyses published in 2016 showed that, out of 17 variables examined, the strongest effect size of associations between spanking and child behaviors was for the children being a victim of physical abuse.

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Corporal Punishment

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Over the past decade or so, female children about twice as likely as males to be diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Analysis

Answer Location: Preschoolers With ADHD | Box 8.3: Are Childcare Centers Bad for Children?

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The Morales family has decided to hold back their 5-year-old child one more year before enrolling them in kindergarten in the hopes that the added maturity will benefit her performance in school. This academic redshirting has been proven to have long-lasting effects for the child’s success.

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Child Care and School Readiness

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Educational television exposure in infants does not appear to have any positive effect, however, it can have a positive effect for preschoolers in the area of educational achievement.

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Screen Time | Table 8.4: Some of the Negative Effects Associated With Television Exposure

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Physical activity can serve a dual purpose in childhood wellness. In addition to burning calories, it can help to enhance cognitive development, psychological well-being, and appreciation for nature and the environment.

Learning Objective: 8-3: To list the key age-appropriate child-rearing techniques.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Childhood Obesity

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Natalie reflects on her childhood and realizes that her parents did a poor job in modeling appropriate coping mechanisms for dealing with life’s stressors, and she blames her anxiety disorder on her parents. Genetic background need not be considered, as the quality of caregiving is the most important intervening variable between adversity and self-regulation.

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Adverse Childhood Experience and Child Behavior Problems

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Define and contrast internalizing and externalizing problems and give two examples of each.

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Application | Analysis

Answer Location: Autonomy

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Describe how parents actively promote gender socialization in preschool children.

Learning Objective: 8-2: To summarize the common challenges parents of preschoolers deal with.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gender Identity

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Despite the fact that corporal punishment has been banned in over 50 countries, it is still used as a practice, including in the United States. Although there are studies indicating the problems of using physical discipline on a child, the Johnson’s insist on spanking their children and justify their decision by pointing to the limitations of such studies. Describe the three limitations associated with this research.

Learning Objective: To understand the research behind child-rearing techniques

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Corporal Punishment

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Describe what research has shown about the nature and effects of childcare centers on children.

Learning Objective: To understand the research behind child rearing techniques

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Child Care and School Readiness

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Describe how early stressors might affect a child’s self-regulation abilities.

Learning Objective: 8-1: To describe the key developmental tasks preschoolers face.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adverse Childhood Experience and Child Behavior Problems

Difficulty Level: Hard