America and Radical Islam Chapter 11 Test Bank

Chapter 11

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Francis Fukuyama mean by “the end of history”?

a. The end of the Cold War had ended the clash between communism and capitalism.

b. The 21^st century would be an era of universal goodwill.

c. Globalization was eroding state sovereignty.

d. The Cold War’s end meant the global triumph of liberal democracy.

2. What empire claimed to be the heir to the Caliphate?

a. The Mongols.

b. The Romanovs.

c. The Ottomans.

d. The Seljuk Turks.

3. Which of the following was an early example of an Islamic terrorist group.

a. The Zealots.

b. The Assassins.

c. The Tongs.

d. The Fenian Brotherhood.

4. Where do the largest numbers of Muslims live?

a. Asia-Pacific.

b. Middle East-North Africa.

c. Sub-Saharan Africa.

d. Europe.

5. What do extreme jihadists regard as the “near enemy”?

a. The West.

b. Shia Muslims.

c. Christians.

d. Secular and moderate Islamic governments.

6. What do extreme jihadists regard as the “far enemy”?

a. The West.

b. Shia Muslims.

c. Christians.

d. Secular and moderate Islamic governments.

7. What countries has ISIS established its caliphate?

a. Lebanon and Jordan.

b. Libya and Mali.

c. Iraq and Syria.

d. Iran and Egypt.

8. Which of the following groups constitute the bulk of Islamic terrorists?

a. Shia Muslims.

b. Salafi Muslims.

c. Zaidi Muslims.

d. Sufi Muslims.

9. Which of the following was among the first of those who declared advocated jihad as holy war?

a. Abul A’la Maududi.

b. Hasan al-Banna.

c. Averroes

d. Sayyid Qutb.

10. What event brought mujahideen from around the world to fight “infidels?

a. The Israel-Arab Six-Day War?

b. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

c. Russia’s conquest of Chechnya.

d. The defeat of Saddam Hussein in the Persian Gulf War.

11. Which of the following groups consisted of devout Muslim students educated in Pakistani refugee camps?

a. Al-Qaeda.

b. Al-Qaeda in the Land of the Islamic Maghreb.

c. The Taliban.

d. Ansar al-Sharia.

12. Who became the leader al-Qaeda after Osama bin Laden’s death?

a. Abdullah Azzam.

b. Ayman al-Zawahiri.

c. Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi

d. Abu Ali al-Harithi

13. From where did al-Qaeda operate between 1989 and 1996?

a. Afghanistan.

b. Pakistan.

c. Iran.

d. Sudan.

14. Why does ISIS regard Iran as a mortal enemy?

a. Iran is allied to Syrian President Assad.

b. Iran is a Shia society.

c. Iran is continuing to develop nuclear weapons.

d. Iran has political influence in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

15. Who was Ramzi Ahmed Yousef?

a. A terrorist who sought to destroy an U.S. commercial aircraft by hiding a bomb in his underwear.

b. A terrorist who planted a bomb in the parking garage of New York’s World Trade Center.

c. A terrorist who helped plan the September 11, 2001 al-Qaeda attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C.

d. A terrorist who sank the USS Cole.

16. Who was Michael Scheuer

a. The leader of the “Bin Laden Issue Station.”

b. The leader of Navy SEAL 6, the team that killed Osama bin Laden.

c. The commander of the Ranger unit who died in the Battle of Mogadishu in Somalia.

d. One the passengers who was aboard Flight 93 and struggled with al-Qaeda hijackers on 9/11 before the plane crashed in Pennsylvania.

17. Which of the following opposed America’s troop “surge” in Afghanistan?

a. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates.

b. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

c. General David Petraeus.

d. Vice President Joseph Biden.

18. Who defended the CIA against charges of “poor tradecraft” after several agents were killed by a suicide bomber in Afghanistan?

a. Barack Obama.

b. Leon Panetta

c. Hillary Clinton.

d. John Brennan.

19. Who was Hamid Karzai?

a. The former President of Afghanistan.

b. The leader of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula.

c. The political leader of the Taliban.

d. The former president of Iran.

20. What was “Operation Desert Storm”?

a. The U.S. invasion of Afghanistan.

b. The U.S. campaign against Iraq in 1991.

c. The U.S. campaign in Iraq in 2003.

d. The U.S. bombing campaign against ISIS.

21. Which of the following is the “land of the two mosques”?

a. Jerusalem.

b. Iraq.

c. Afghanistan.

d. Saudi Arabia.

22. Which group enjoyed the greatest influence in Iraq’s government after the end of the U.S. intervention in that country?

a. Sunni Muslims.

b. Iraqi Kurds.

c. The Taliban.

d. Shia Muslims.

23. Who wrote a report that argued there was a link between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda?

a. CIA analyst Paul Pillar.

b. Undersecretary of Defense Douglas Feith.

c. Secretary of State Colin Powell.

d. CIA Director George Tenet.

24. Where was Osama bin Laden finally found?

a. Abbottabad, Pakistan.

b. Bora Bora, Afghanistan.

c. North Waziristan, Pakistan.

d. Quetta, Pakistan.

25. What was the last successful operation Osama bin Laden oversaw?

a. The plot in which Richard Reid attempted to detonate explosives packed into his shoes aboard an American Airlines flight.

b. The bombings in a tourist district in Bali, Indonesia.

c. The bombings of the Cercanías commuter train system in Madrid.

d. The bombings of the London transport system.

26. Which of the following distinguishes the strategy of ISIS and al-Qaeda?

a. Al-Qaeda wants to focus on attacking Israel and ISIS seeks to overthrow moderate Arab governments.

b. Al-Qaeda seeks to establish a global caliphate, while ISIS wants to establish a local caliphate in the Middle East.

c. Al-Qaeda stresses striking the “far enemy,” while ISIS emphasizes attacking the “near enemy.”

d. Al-Qaeda stresses striking the “near enemy,” while ISIS emphasizes attacking the “far enemy.”

27. What factor seems common to countries in which local jihadist groups thrive?

a. They have large Shia Muslim populations.

b. They have thinly populated.

c. They have suffered natural disasters.

d. They have weak central authority.

28. Where is Boko Haram most active?

a. Mali.

b. Somalia.

c. Nigeria.

d. Yemen.

29. Which of the following countries has been a victim of terrorist attacks by al-Shabab?

a. Kenya.

b. Nigeria.

c. Algeria.

d. Egypt.

30. What makes al-Qaeda of the Arabian Peninsula so dangerous?

a. It is led by a former close associate of Osama bin Laden.

b. It has a capacity to build bombs without metal parts that can pass airport security.

c. It is highly skilled in the use of social media.

d. It appears interested in acquiring toxic chemical agents.

31. Where did France intervene to prevent the spread of jihadist terrorism?

a. Somalia.

b. Mali.

c. Nigeria.

d. Morocco.

32. Which of the following has been a major source of arms for terrorists in Africa?

a. Iranian arms shipments to Yemen.

b. Saudi arms shipments to Islamic insurgents in Syria.

c. Algerian extremists.

d. Libyan arms stockpiles.

33. Who is Mokhtar Belmokhtar?

a. A terrorist who led an attack on an energy production facility in Algeria.

b. The leader of Al-Qaeda in the Land of the Islamic Maghreb.

c. A terrorist who sought to destroy a Detroit-bound plane by exploding a bomb hidden in his underwear.

d. The first American citizen to be killed by a U.S. drone attack.

34. What group declared areas in Borno to be an Islamic caliphate?

a. ISIS.

b. Al-Qaeda in the Land of the Islamic Maghreb.

c. Boko Haram.

d. Al-Shabab.

35. Who was Abu Musab al-Zarqawi?

a. The leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq.

b. The founder of ISIS.

c. The leader of al-Shabab.

d. A “lone wolf” terrorist.

36. Who declared himself the caliph of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria?

a. Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.

b. Ayman al-Zawahiri.

c. Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.

d. Qasem Soleimani.

37. What major city was occupied by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria?

a. Baghdad.

b. Basra.

c. Mosul.

d. Damascus.

38. What triggered America’s bombing campaign against ISIS?

a. The urgent request of Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki?

b. The beheading of two U.S. journalists.

c. The siege of Kobani, Syria.

d. The kidnapping of 200 young women.

39. Which of the following U.S. agencies was not placed in the Department of Homeland Security?

a. The Coast Guard.

b. The State Department.

c. The Secret Service.

d. The Transportation Security Agency.

40. What event provided an opportunity for ISIS to become such a dangerous terrorist group?

a. The Syrian civil war.

b. The weakening of al-Qaeda.

c. The power vacuum in Somalia.

d. Iranian meddling in Iraq.

Essay Questions

41. What was the “golden age of pure Islam” and who were its rulers?

42. What is the difference between the “lesser jihad” and the “greater jihad”?

43. How has the organization of Islamic jihadist terrorism change in recent years?

44. What are “lone wolves”?

45. What is the West’s major concern regarding citizens who fight for ISIS?

46. What is the profile of a typical Western “lone wolf”?

47. What country seemed more concerned about the threat posed by its Kurdish citizens than the threat posed by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria?

48. What do countries appear to have become tacit and unexpected allies in the fight against the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria?

49. What was President Obama’s condition for involving the United States in the threat posed in Iraq by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria?

50. Why have some U.S. allies in the fight against the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria been willing to launch airstrikes in Iraq but not in Syria?

51. President Obama was determined to end __________ and U.S. forces began to withdraw in 2009, completing the process in 2011.

52. During the centuries after Islam’s emergence, ______________--an Islamic empire ruled by those who succeeded the prophet--conquered the Middle East, North Africa, Persia, Armenia, and Spain.

53. After the 1979 ____________ invasion of ____________ Muslim guerrillas--mujahideen--took up arms against the invader.

54. Osama bin Laden’s successor as leader of ____________ was _______________.

55. The U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 led to the ouster of the _______________.

56. “Operation Desert Storm” forced Iraqi President __________________ to withdraw his troops from _______________.

57. Aboard the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln _________________, standing before a banner that read ____________________ declared, “Major combat operations in Iraq have ended.

58. After 2010, Iraq’s government was dominated by ___________ and his __________ allies at the expense of the country’s _______ and _______ minorities.

59. Al-Qaeda’s franchise in Yemen is _________________.

60. The dominant terrorist group in Iraq and Syria is _______________.

61. Al-Qaeda’s franchise in Somalia is ____________.

62. Founded in Maiduguri, capital of Borno state, in 2002, ________________ sought to transform Nigeria into an Islamic state.

63. _____________ was established by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.

64. In _________________, ISIS surpassed al-Qaeda, presenting itself as the leader of global jihadism.

65. Individuals who carry out terrorist

a. lone wolves