Ch13 Test Bank + Answers + America, Europe, and NATO A

Chapter 13

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following countries is Europe’s leader?

a. France.

b. Italy.

c. Great Britain.

d. Germany.

2. Which of the following countries enjoys a “special relationship” with the United States?

a. France.

b. Italy.

c. Great Britain.

d. Germany.

3. In which of the following organization are most European states and the U.S. not members?

a. NATO.

b. The European Union.

c. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.

d. The Group of Seven

4. Which of the following events triggered large-scale immigration to the United States?

a. The Irish famine

b. The fall on Napoleon

c. The Russo-Japanese War

d. The 1918 flu pandemic

5. What region in the U.S. is home to many descendants of German immigrants?

a. California

b. New England

c. The Southeast

d. The Midwest

6. Which of the following was a Rhodes Scholar in Great Britain?

a. George H. W. Bush.

b. Jimmy Carter.

c. Bill Clinton.

d. Barak Obama.

7. Which of the following countries burned Washington, DC in 1812?

a. France.

b. Great Britain.

c. Spain.

d. Germany.

8. Which of the following described Russia as “a riddle, wrapped in a mystery, inside an enigma”?

a. Franklin D. Roosevelt.

b. Charles de Gaulle.

c. Winston Churchill.

d. Adolf Hitler.

9. Which of the following deepened Soviet suspicion of the United States during World War II?

a. The delay in opening a second front in France.

b. The decrease in U.S. lend lease aid to the USSR.

c. Secret U.S.-German peace talks in Switzerland.

d. The 1944 Battle of the Bulge.

10. Which of the following deepened Western suspicion of the Soviet Union after World War II?

a. The division of Berlin into four zones.

b. The accession of a communist government in Poland.

c. The triumph of the communists led by Marshal Tito in Yugoslavia.

d. Soviet aid to Mao Zedong during China’s civil war.

11. Which of the following was the last East European country to succumb to communism after World War II?

a. East Germany.

b. Bulgaria.

c. Rumania.

d. Czechoslovakia.

12. Who declared that “the United States should do whatever it is able to do to assist in the return of normal economic health in the world, without which there can be no political stability and no assured peace”?

a. George C. Marshall.

b. Harry S. Truman.

c. Dwight D. Eisenhower.

d. George Kennan.

13. What took place after the West’s introduction of a currency reform in its zones of occupied Germany?

a. Stalin’s purge of pro-Western elements in the Soviet communist party.

b. Soviet occupation of Iranian Azerbaijan.

c. The establishment of the Warsaw Treaty Organization by the USSR.

d. The Berlin blockade.

14. Which of the following Western leaders declared himself “a Berliner”?

a. John F. Kennedy.

b. Winston Churchill.

c. Konrad Adenauer.

d. Harry S. Truman.

15. Which of the following led a bipartisan effort in the U.S. Senate that culminated in the formation of NATO?

a. Senator William Knowland.

b. Senator Strom Thurmond.

c. Senator Arthur Vandenberg.

d. Senator Richard M. Nixon.

16. What was the only time that NATO’s Article 5 has been invoked?

a. Russia’s intervention in Ukraine.

b. Al-Qaeda’s attacks on New York and Washington, DC.

c. North Korea’s invasion of South Korea.

d. Syria’s violations of Turkey’s borders.

17. Which of the following was not an original member of NATO?

a. Canada.

b. Italy.

c. Greece.

d. France.

18. Who was NATO’s first Supreme Allied Commander?

a. Wesley Clark.

b. Matthew Ridgeway.

c. Dwight D. Eisenhower.

d. Alexander Haig.

19. Which of the following was an initial NATO assumption?

a. Soviet leaders were rational politicians who could be deterred by American nuclear weapons.

b. The Soviet Union would use nuclear weapons before attacking Europe with conventional forces.

c. The United States was vulnerable to a Soviet nuclear attack..

d. All of the above.

20. Which of the following did the Korean War demonstrate?

a. Asia, not Europe, was the region most at risk of a Soviet invasion.

b. China was more aggressive than the Soviet Union.

c. It was crucial for the United States to increase its nuclear capability.

d. America’s nuclear arsenal was insufficient to prevent conventional wars.

21. Which of the following produced deep divisions among the NATO allies?

a. The Suez War of 1956.

b. The Persian Gulf War of 1991.

c. The Korean War of 1950.

d. The Afghanistan War of 2001.

22. Which of the following questioned the credibility of the U.S. commitment to defend Western Europe?

a. Anthony Eden.

b. Nikita S. Khrushchev.

c. Charles de Gaulle.

d. Konrad Adenauer.

23. Which of the following undermined the strategy of “flexible response”?

a. French development of nuclear weapons.

b. U.S. and Soviet development of second-strike weapons.

c. German refusal to provide NATO with sufficient conventional forces.

d. Allied disagreement over the U.S. war in Vietnam.

24. Which of the following was a key element of the 1975 Helsinki Accords?

a. Soviet-American agreement to reduce the number of tactical nuclear weapons in Europe.

b. Recognition of the inviolability of the post-World War II frontiers in Europe.

c. East-West agreement to reunify Austria.

d. An agreement to divide Trieste between Italy and Yugoslavia.

25. What event caused heightened tensions between NATO and the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s?

a. U.S. deployment of Pershing missiles in Britain.

b. Soviet bullying of Turkey and Greece.

c. U.S. development and deployment of stealth aircraft in Europe.

d. Soviet deployment of intermediate-range ballistic missiles in Europe.

26. Which of the following was established as effort to foster NATO-Russia n trust after the Cold War?

a. The Partnership for Peace.

b. The Council of Europe.

c. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

d. All of the above.

27. To which of the following did NATO commit itself after the Cold War?

a. Let Russian troops remain in eastern Germany.

b. Maintain Ukrainian neutrality?

c. Not station troops permanently in former East bloc members of NATO.

d. Not permit any former Soviet republics to join NATO.

28. What region of the former Yugoslavia became the scene of “ethnic cleansing” in 1992?

a. Bosnia.

b. Macedonia.

c. Serbia.

d. Kosovo.

29. What region of the former Yugoslavia became the scene of NATO intervention in 1999?

a. Bosnia.

b. Macedonia.

c. Serbia.

d. Kosovo.

30. Where did the single greatest massacre in Europe since World War II take place?

a. Tuzla.

b. Sarajevo.

c. Zepa.

d. Srebrenica.

31. What former head of state was tried before an international court but died before the court handed down a verdict?

a. Augusto Pinochet.

b. Slobodan Milosevic

c. Eranio Tudman

d. Radovan Kradzic

32. Where did a UN Security Council resolution for which Russia voted lead to the overthrow of a regime that Russia supported?

a. Bosnia.

b. Libya.

c. Syria.

d. Serbia.

33. Which of the following countries formally proposed that Syria turn over its chemical weapons for them to be destroyed?

a. The United States.

b. Turkey.

c. Russia.

d. China.

34. Where did NATO forces take the lead in the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)?

a. Bosnia.

b. Syria.

c. Afghanistan.

d. Iraq.

35. Which of the following was a former Soviet republic that joined NATO after the Cold War?

a. Estonia.

b. Poland.

c. The Czech Republic.

d. Hungary.

36. Which of the following countries has states that it has no wish to join NATO?

a. Armenia.

b. Ukraine.

c. Bulgaria.

d. Montenegro.

37. Who is Viktor Yanukovich?

a. A former president of Georgia.

b. A former pro-Russian president of Ukraine.

c. The current president of Georgia.

d. A former pro-Western president of Ukraine.

38. In what city would you find Maidan Square?

a. Moscow.

b. Luhansk.

c. Odessa..

d. Kiev.

39. Who was elected Ukraine’s president in 2014?

a. Petro Poroshenko.

b. Leonid Kravchuk.

c. Leonid Kuchma.

d. Viktor Yushchenko.

40. Where did the European Union Force (EURFOR) stationed to keep the peace?

a. Kosovo.

b. Ukraine.

c. Bosnia.

d. Mali.

Essay Questions

41. What is meant by the “German question”?

42. Why did the Soviet Union not need a proletarian revolution to bring communists to power in Eastern Europe after World War II?

43. What was the Truman Doctrine?

44. What was the Communist Information Bureau Cominform?

45. What was the strategy of “flexible response”?

46. What was the Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation, and Security?

47. What was “Operation Active Endeavour”?

48. What is a NATO Membership Action Plan?

49. Who were known as “the Heavenly Hundred”?

50. Which NATO members were most frightened by Russian aggression in Ukraine? a. Answers vary; They were the Baltic states—Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania—and/or Poland.

51. The former German chancellor ___________ had pursued a “strategic partnership” with Russia, and he defended Putin’s policy toward Ukraine, in his words, as resulting from “fears about being encircled.”

52. America’s NSA listened in on phone conversations of German chancellor _____________.

53. The European Union depends on imports of __________ natural gas.

54. _______________ accounts for 41 percent of Russia’s trade.

55. Russia and Russia and _______ view construction of the Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline as illegal owing to agreements requiring the approval of all countries bordering the Caspian Sea.

56. ____________ financial sector profits from investments by wealthy Russians in everything from bonds and property to private schools for Russian children.

57. Russian leader _____________ was responsible for aggression against Ukraine.

58. The group known as the ____________ negotiated with Iran regarded about thsat country’s nuclear program.

59. After __________ used chemical weapons in 2013 against its own citizens, France was prepared to join America in a military strike against its regime.

60. Russia complained that it assented to the Security Council resolution regarding ________________ without realizing that the West would overthrow the regime.

61. Serbia’s Battle of Kosovo against _______________ was perceived as an epochal event in the country’s history.

62. The Republika Srpska is located in ________.

63. There was considerable Western sympathy for _____________ because that country had been betrayed by Britain and France whose policy of “appeasement” peaked in the 1938 Munich agreement by which the country had been dismembered.

64. At the __________________ it was agreed that a coalition government would be formed by merging Poland’s Lublin and London groups followed by “free and unfettered elections.”

65. The German city of ____________ was divided into four occupation zones

a. Berlin