Victims And The Criminal Justice System Test Bank Chapter 5 - Crime and Criminal Justice 2nd Edition Test Bank with Answer Key by Stacy L. Mallicoat. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 5: Victims and the Criminal Justice System
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. A field of study within criminology that places the victim at the center of the discussion is referred to as ______.
a. criminology
b. victimology
c. penology
d. positivism
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Theories of Victimization
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
2. Which of the following best summarizes one of the biggest problems with early theories of victimology?
a. They focused on how victims could be at fault for their own victimization.
b. They focused on how offenders chose their victims.
c. They did not study all types of victims.
d. There were no early theories that studied victims.
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimization
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
3. Which of the following individuals is considered to be one of the early scholars who developed a typology of victimization that distinguished different types of victims based on the relative responsibility of the victim in their own victimization?
a. Hans von Hentig
b. Charles Coorcelle
c. Edwin Sutherland
d. Benjamin Mendelsohn
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
4. A victim who is killed by the domestic partner he or she abused for years is categorized as a(n) ______.
a. victim who alone is guilty
b. imaginary victim
c. voluntary victim
d. victim who is more guilty than the offender
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
5. A victim lost in the “wrong part of town” is a(n) ______.
a. victim who alone is guilty
b. imaginary victim
c. innocent victim
d. victim with minor guilt
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
6. A victim who pays a prostitute for sex and is then robbed by the prostitute is a(n) ______.
a. victim who alone is guilty
b. imaginary victim
c. voluntary victim
d. victim with minor guilt
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
7. ______’s typology of victims looked at how personal factors, such as biological, psychological, and social factors, influence risk factors for victimization.
a. Hans von Hentig
b. Charles Coorcelle
c. Edwin Sutherland
d. Benjamin Mendelsohn
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
8. One who is particularly vulnerable to stressors at various stages during the life cycle falls under the ______ typology of crime victims.
a. dull normals
b. wanton
c. acquisitive
d. mentally defective
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
9. A vulnerable individual who is easily exploited and typically has and IQ lower than average falls under the ______ category.
a. dull normals
b. wanton
c. acquisitive
d. mentally defective
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
10. Mentally ill offenders are an example of which of the following categories?
a. innocent victims
b. voluntary victims
c. victims with minor guilt
d. victims who are more guilty than the offender
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
11. An attacker who is killed in self-defense falls under which of the following categories?
a. innocent victims
b. voluntary victims
c. victim who alone is guilty
d. imaginary victims
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
12. A victim who mistakenly believes she or he has been victimized falls under the ______ category.
a. innocent victims
b. voluntary victims
c. victims with minor guilt
d. imaginary victims
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
13. A victim who becomes the perpetrator of a crime following years of abuse falls under which of the following typologies proposed by von Hentig?
a. female
b. mentally defective
c. tormentor
d. dull normal
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
14. One who is at risk of being taken advantage of due to a desire for financial advantage falls under which of the following von Hentig typologies?
a. acquisitive
b. mentally defective
c. tormentor
d. dull normal
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
15. Which of the following were identified by von Hentig as categories of victims?
a. lonesome/heartbroken
b. imaginary
c. males
d. educators
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
16. Which of the following statements align with the just-world hypothesis?
a. People deserve whatever comes to them.
b. People are not at fault for their victimization.
c. Bad things happen to good people.
d. It is not about luck in this world.
Learning Objective: 5-1: Assess the role of the just-world hypothesis in victim blaming.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Just-World Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
17. Which of the following statements were identified as major problems associated with the just-world hypothesis?
a. It assumes people are not able to change the environment in which they live.
b. It implies only “innocent” victims are true victims.
c. It creates a true sense of security about the risks of crime and victimization.
d. It does not provide victim and offender typologies.
Learning Objective: 5-1: Assess the role of the just-world hypothesis in victim blaming.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Just-World Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
18. ______ suggests that society has a need to believe that people deserve whatever comes to them.
a. Routine activities theory
b. Just-world hypothesis
c. Secondary victimization
d. Restorative justice
Learning Objective: 5-1: Assess the role of the just-world hypothesis in victim blaming.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Just-World Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
19. ______ enables people to make sense of the victimization and makes them feel somehow different from the person who is victimized.
a. Restorative justice
b. Secondary victimization
c. Victim blaming
d. Lifestyle theory
Learning Objective: 5-1: Assess the role of the just-world hypothesis in victim blaming.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Just-World Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
20. Which of the following were identified as essential components of Routine Activities Theory?
a. depressed offender
b. available target
c. presence of a guardian
d. availability of resources to commit the crime
Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
21. The author(s) of Routine Activities Theory are ______.
a. Cohen and Felson
b. Sampson and Laub
c. Benjamin Mendelsohn
d. Hans von Hentig
Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
22. Routine activities theory was initially designed to explain victimization from ______.
a. property crime
b. personal crime
c. victimless crime
d. white-collar crime
Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
23. Lifestyle theory was initially designed to explain victimization from ______.
a. property crime
b. personal crime
c. victimless crime
d. white-collar crime
Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
24. According to the ______ theory, one may increase the risk for criminal opportunity and victimization through both an increased exposure to criminal activity and an increased exposure to motivated offenders.
a. routine activities
b. lifestyle
c. victim blaming
d. rational choice
Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
25. ______ theory seeks to relate the patterns of one’s everyday activities to the potential for victimization.
a. Routine activities
b. Lifestyle
c. Victim blaming
d. Rational choice
Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
26. The first victim services organization was developed in ______.
a. 1960
b. 1972
c. 1981
d. 1992
Learning Objective: 5-4: Summarize the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
27. The first victim services organization was developed in ______.
a. St. Louis, MO
b. New York City, NY
c. Los Angeles, CA
d. Atlanta, GA
Learning Objective: 5-4: Summarize the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
28. The first victim services organization was called the ______.
a. Victim Services Organization
b. U.S. Victimization Center
c. Criminal Justice Advocacy Center
d. Crime Victim Advocacy Center
Learning Objective: 5-4: Summarize the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
29. Composed of law enforcement officers, lawyers and members of the judiciary as well as victim advocates, the ______ report included 68 recommendations to reform the experience of crime victims.
a. Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime
b. Victim Services Task Force
c. Department of Justice Victim Advocacy Center
d. American Victimization Center
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
30. Which of the following presidents established the Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime?
a. George W. Bush
b. Ronald Reagan
c. Richard Nixon
d. Bill Clinton
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
31. The Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime was established in ______.
a. 1969
b. 1978
c. 1982
d. 1996
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
32. Which of the following was identified as a result of the recommendations of the Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime?
a. Victim and Witness Protection Act
b. Victim Restitution Enforcement Act
c. Violence Against Women Act
d. Three Strikes Law
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
33. The ______ established the Crime Victims Fund which, to date, has deposited almost 19 billion dollars.
a. Victim and Witness Protection Act
b. Victims of Crime Act
c. Crime Victims’ Rights Act
d. Victims’ Rights and Restitution Act
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
34. Which of the following is a legal right afforded to victims under the Crime Victims’ Rights Act of 2004?
a. the right to follow a restorative justice model
b. the right to request enhanced sentencing
c. the right to full and timely restitution as provided in law
d. the reasonable right to confer with the attorney for the defense in the case
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
35. The Crime Victims’ Rights Act of 2004 was implemented at the ______ level.
a. local
b. state
c. federal
d. tribal
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
36. Which of the following federal laws requires community notification in cases of convicted sex offenders?
a. Megan’s Law
b. Trafficking Victims Protection Act
c. Victims’ Rights and Restitution Act
d. Violence Against Women Act
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
37. Which of the following federal laws incorporates a bill of rights for victims in federal crime cases?
a. Violence Against Women Act
b. Victims’ Rights and Restitution Act
c. Trafficking Victims Protection Act
d. Hate Crime Statistics Act
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
38. Which of the following states was identified as being the first state to establish constitutional rights for crime victims and continues to have one of the most comprehensive bills of rights for victims in the nation?
a. Texas
b. Oregon
c. Nevada
d. California
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
39. ______ is an alternative model that provides increased opportunities for victims to have a voice in the criminal justice process.
a. Deterrence
b. Restorative justice
c. Juvenile justice
d. Reformation
Learning Objective: 5-4: Summarize the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
40. Who is in charge of determining whether a plea bargain will be offered to the offender?
a. defense attorney
b. prosecutor
c. judge
d. jury
Learning Objective: 5-4: Summarize the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Victims in the Criminal Justice System
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
41. Which of the following individuals determines the sentence for the offender?
a. defense attorney
b. prosecutor
c. judge
d. jury
Learning Objective: 5-4: Summarize the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Victims in the Criminal Justice System
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
42. It is estimated that only ______ of victims report violent crime.
a. 23%
b. 37%
c. 42%
d. 62%
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Who are the Victims of Crime?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
43. It is estimated that only ______ of victims report property crime.
a. 23%
b. 36%
c. 49%
d. 62%
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Who are the Victims of Crime?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
44. The National Crime Victimization Survey looks at which of the following crimes?
a. rape
b. arson
c. gambling
d. homicide
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Who are the Victims of Crime?
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
45. According to the National Crime Victimization Survey, which of the following is less likely to be reported?
a. white-collar crimes
b. violent crimes
c. property crimes
d. status offenses
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Who are the Victims of Crime?
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
46. According to the National Crime Victimization Survey, the rate of victimization for reported cases of robbery was ______.
a. 1.0
b. 0.7
c. 0.8
d. 0.3
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Who are the Victims of Crime?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
47. Individuals who identify as ______ have the highest rates of victimization.
a. Whites
b. Hispanics
c. American Indian/Alaska Native
d. Asian American
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Who are the Victims of Crime?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
48. Which of the following statements regarding the rate of victimization are true?
a. Men and women have different rates of violent crime victimization.
b. The rate of victimization increases as individuals age.
c. The rate of violent victimization is highest in the South.
d. Violent victimization is more likely to occur in urban areas.
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Who are the Victims of Crime?
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
49. In terms of race/ethnicity, ______ are most likely to report their victimization.
a. Whites
b. Hispanics
c. Asian Americans
d. African Americans
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Who are the Victims of Crime?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
50. Which of the following crimes was identified as being the most common?
a. larceny
b. robbery
c. identity theft
d. burglary
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Who are the Victims of Crime?
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
51. The National Crime Victimization Survey does not include information on the crime of ______.
a. homicide
b. sexual assault
c. rape
d. motor vehicle theft
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Who are the Victims of Crime?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
52. Victims who receive positive support from ______ are more likely to seek out formal services.
a. family and friends
b. law enforcement
c. therapeutic resources
d. mental health services
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Unreported Crimes: Why Do Victims Not Report to the Police?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
53. The concept of ______ refers to the practice whereby victims of crime feel traumatized as a result of not only their victimization experience but also by the official criminal justice system response to their victimization.
a. primary victimization
b. secondary victimization
c. just-world hypothesis
d. restorative justice
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Unreported Crimes: Why Do Victims Not Report to the Police?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
54. All of the following statements are consistent with the argument that universities should investigate campus sexual assault EXCEPT which?
a. It is required by federal law (Title IX).
b. Interim measures can be implemented to help the student avoid academic failure.
c. The policies universities use are victim centered.
d. Universities can punish offenders for violating the student code of conduct.
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Current Controversy 5.1: Are Colleges and Universities the Best Place to Respond to Sexual Assault?
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
55. Which of the following is considered to be an argument against the use of restorative justice programs for victims?
a. Meetings can trigger trauma for victims.
b. Offenders have a place where they can take responsibility.
c. Victims feel more satisfied and heard.
d. They can create space and healing.
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Current Controversy 5.2: Is Restorative Justice and Effective Tool for Victims?
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
True/False
1. A victim is someone who has been injured or harmed by the actions of another.
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Victims of Crime
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
2. Hans von Hentig’s typology of victims looked at how personal factors, such as biological, psychological, and social factors, influence risk factors for victimization.
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
3. A victim lost in the wrong part of town is considered to be an innocent victim according to Mendelsohn’s typology of victims.
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
4. Wanton victims are victims who become perpetrators of a crime, following years of abuse.
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
5. The just-world hypothesis suggests bad things happen to bad people, and good things happen to good people.
Learning Objective: 5-1: Assess the role of the just-world hypothesis in victim blaming.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Just-World Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
6. Given the nature of victimization patterns in society, few victims of crime meet the criteria for an “ideal” victim.
Learning Objective: 5-1: Assess the role of the just-world hypothesis in victim blaming.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Just-World Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
7. Routine activities theory suggests that the likelihood of a criminal act occurs with the convergence of three essential components: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and lack of capable guardianship.
Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
8. According to lifestyle theory, increased exposure to criminal activity is the only factor that can place people at risk for victimization.
Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
9. In 1972, the Crime Victim Advocacy Center, developed in Los Angeles, CA, became the first victim services organization.
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
10. In 1982, President Ronald Reagan established the Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime which was composed of law enforcement officers, lawyers, members of the judiciary, and victim advocates.
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
11. The Victims of Crime Act established the Crime Victims Fund in 1984.
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
12. Megan’s Law, established in 1996, requires community notification in cases of convicted sex offenders.
Learning Objective: 5-4: Summarize the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
13. By law, colleges and universities are required to disclose statistics about campus crime.
Learning Objective: 5-4: Summarize the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
14. The Crime Victims’ Rights Act of 2004 provides victims with legal rights for federal criminal cases such as the right to be reasonably protected from the accused.
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
15. Victims have the right to be reasonably heard at any public proceeding in the district court involving release, plea, sentencing, or any parole proceeding.
Learning Objective: 5-4: Summarize the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
16. Victims have the right to full and timely restitution as provided in law.
Learning Objective: 5-4: Summarize the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
17. While the fight for the rights of victims has led to several improvements in the criminal justice system, the role of victims is often maximized.
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Victims in the Criminal Justice System
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
18. The most common crime of identity theft involves the unauthorized use of a banking or credit card account.
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Who are the Victims of Crime?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
19. Within the category of personal crime, the NCVS looks at the acts of homicide, rape, and sexual assault, robbery, simple and aggravated assault and pick-pocketing/purse-snatching.
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Who are the Victims of Crime?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
20. Unlike other data sets, the NCVS does not have limitations that need to be considered when reviewing its findings.
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Who are the Victims of Crime?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
21. For some victims, a fear of retaliation can affect their decision to make a report to the police.
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Unreported Crimes: Why Do Victims Not Report to the Police?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
22. A failure to report does not mean that victims do not seek out assistance for issues related to their victimization experience.
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Unreported Crimes: Why Do Victims Not Report to the Police?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
23. The concept of primacy victimization refers to the practice whereby victims of crime feel traumatized as a result of not only their victimization experience but also by the official criminal justice system response to their victimization.
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Unreported Crimes: Why Do Victims Not Report to the Police?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
24. For those cases that progress beyond the law enforcement investigative process, few have charges filed by prosecutors, and only rarely is a conviction secured.
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Unreported Crimes: Why Do Victims Not Report to the Police?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
25. Many victims indicate that had they known what was in store for them, they still would have continued with reporting the crime.
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Unreported Crimes: Why Do Victims Not Report to the Police?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
Short Answer
1. Hans von Hentig’s typology of victims looked at how personal factors, such as biological, psychological, and social factors, influence risk factors for victimization. What are these typologies?
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
2. How does the just-world hypothesis contribute to victim blaming?
Learning Objective: 5-1: Assess the role of the just-world hypothesis in victim blaming.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Just-World Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
3. What rights do victims of crime have?
Learning Objective: 5-4: Summarize the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
4. What did the Victims of Crime Act in 1984 do?
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
5. What were the major contributions of the Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime?
Learning Objective: 5-4: Summarize the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
6. What was the significant contribution of the Violence Against Women Act (1994)?
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
7. What was the significant contribution of the Student Right to Know and Campus Security Act (1990)?
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
8. What was the significant contribution of the Victims’ Rights and Restitution Act (1990)?
Learning Objective: 5-5: Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
9. How does secondary victimization impact victims?
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Unreported Crimes: Why Do Victims Not Report to the Police?
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
10. What is secondary victimization?
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Unreported Crimes: Why Do Victims Not Report to the Police?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
Essay
1. Benjamin Mendelsohn developed a typology of victimization that distinguished different types of victims based on the relative responsibility of the victim in their own victimization. Explain and give one example of each of his typologies.
Learning Objective: 5-3: Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology
Difficulty Level: Hard
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
2. Explain the essential components of routine activities theory. Provide one example on how they increase the likelihood of victimization.
Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory
Difficulty Level: Hard
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
3. How, based on lifestyle theory, can a person increase the risk for criminal opportunity and victimization?
Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
4. What rights are provided to victims under the Crime Victims’ Rights Act of 2004?
Learning Objective: 5-4: Summarize the rights of crime victims.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
5. Why do some victims not report the crime to the police?
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the extent of victimization in the United States.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Unreported Crimes: Why Do Victims Not Report to the Police?
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, policies, and the law.
Document Information
Connected Book
Crime and Criminal Justice 2nd Edition Test Bank with Answer Key
By Stacy L. Mallicoat