Chapter 7: Policing Organizations and Practices

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following types of policies allow for police to use their discretion to briefly detain an individual if they believe that he or she may be engaging in illegal behavior and to pat down the individual’s exterior clothing if they believe the individual may have a weapon?

a. three strikes

b. stand your ground

c. stop-and-frisk

d. random patrols

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

2. Data indicate that ______ are more likely to be subjects of stop-and-frisk policies.

a. people of color

b. people who are educated

c. people who identify as male

d. people who live in rural areas

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

3. Stop-and-frisk policies originated in which of the following states?

a. California

b. Texas

c. Ohio

d. New York

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

4. The test of police ______ is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it.

a. quality

b. brutality

c. service

d. efficiency

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A Brief History on Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

5. Sir Robert Peel is responsible for the formation of ______.

a. Lincolnshire Metropolitan Police Force

b. London Metropolitan Police Force

c. Los Angeles Metropolitan Police Force

d. Washington Metropolitan Police Force

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Brief History on Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

6. Which of the following departments/agencies is considered to be the first federal law enforcement organization that was created by Congress?

a. the Secret Service

b. the Department of Homeland Security

c. the U.S. Marshals

d. the Department of Justice

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: A Brief History on Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

7. President Abraham Lincoln established the ______ on the day he was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.

a. Department of Homeland Security

b. Federal Bureau of Investigation

c. Secret Service

d. Department of Defense

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Brief History on Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

8. Early police organizations in America were heavily influenced by ______.

a. the British

b. the Spanish

c. the Italians

d. the Irish

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Brief History on Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

9. Which of the following was identified as one of Robert Peel’s principles of policing?

a. the ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon congressional approval of police actions

b. the test of police effectiveness is the visible evidence of police action in dealing with crime

c. police should always appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary

d. police must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: A Brief History on Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

10. The ______ began with the emergence of professional police departments during the 1840s and continued throughout the early 20th century.

a. community service era

b. political era

c. reform era

d. information era

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Political Era

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

11. During the ______ police operations were generally conducted via foot patrols and officers engaged in both crime fighting and social services.

a. community service era

b. political era

c. reform era

d. information era

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Political Era

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

12. August Vollmer advocated for the hiring of which of the following individuals?

a. college-educated officers

b. technologically savvy officers

c. military experienced officers

d. politicians

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Political Era

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

13. Which era used law rather than politics as the foundation for modern policing?

a. community problem-solving era

b. political era

c. reform era

d. information era

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Reform Era

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

14. During the ______ agencies became large, bureaucratic organizations with several levels of management.

a. community problem-solving era

b. political era

c. reform era

d. information era

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reform Era

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

15. Foot patrols were eliminated during which of the following eras?

a. reform era

b. political era

c. information era

d. community problem-solving era

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reform Era

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

16. The ______ is a time period in which the primary strategy involved the use of foot patrols to better connect with people.

a. reform era

b. political era

c. information era

d. community problem-solving era

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Community Problem-Solving Era

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

17. The technological innovations that have altered the daily lives of officers on the street is a characteristics of the ______.

a. reform era

b. political era

c. information era

d. community problem-solving era

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Community Problem-Solving Era

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

18. In terms of geographic jurisdiction, there are three levels of policing: federal, state, and ______.

a. local

b. county

c. tribal

d. international

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Police Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

19. ______ determines when and how the criminal justice can respond.

a. Discretion

b. Hot-spot

c. Jurisdiction

d. Chain of command

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Police Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

20. Which of the following agencies falls under the Department of Justice?

a. U.S. Customs and Border Protection

b. Secret Service

c. Drug Enforcement Administration

d. Federal Emergency Management Agency

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Federal Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

21. The Federal Bureau of Investigations works towards which of the following goals?

a. preventing terrorism and promoting the nation’s security consistent with the rule of law

b. proving investigative and emergency assistance to local agencies

c. protecting the nation’s borders and preventing acts of terrorism

d. streamlining resources and improving communications among federal agencies

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Department of Justice

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

22. The ______ is considered to be the largest law enforcement agency within the Department of Justice.

a. Central Intelligence Agency

b. Drug Enforcement Administration

c. Federal Bureau of Investigation

c. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Department of Justice

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

23. Which of the following agencies/departments provides security and transportation for federal inmates while they are awaiting trial?

a. U.S. Marshals

b. Drug Enforcement Administration

c. Federal Bureau of Investigation

c. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Department of Justice

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

24. Which agency handles investigations related to crimes such as illegal immigration, human trafficking, child exploitation, fraud, and financial crimes?

a. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

b. Homeland Security

c. Federal Bureau of Investigations

d. U.S. Secret Service

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Department of Homeland Security

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

25. Which is the smallest law enforcement agency under the Department of Homeland Security?

a. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

b. U.S. Customs and Border Protection

c. Federal Emergency Management Agency

d. U.S. Secret Service

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Department of Homeland Security

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

26. Which of the following agencies is generally known as the protective detail of noticed political dignitaries, including the president of the United States?

a. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

b. U.S. Customs and Border Protection

c. Federal Emergency Management Agency

d. U.S. Secret Service

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Department of Homeland Security

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

27. The U.S. Secret Service is known for investigating which of the following types of crimes?

a. arson

b. financial crimes

c. terrorism

d. human trafficking

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Department of Homeland Security

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

28. Highway patrols are considered to be ______.

a. local law enforcement

b. state law enforcement

c. federal law enforcement

d. tribal law enforcement

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

29. Today, the largest state agency is ______.

a. New York State Police

b. North Dakota

c. California Highway Patrol

d. Nevada Highway Patrol

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

30. The smallest police agency is located in ______.

a. New York State Police

b. North Dakota

c. California Highway Patrol

d. Nevada Highway Patrol

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

31. County sheriffs are responsible for which of the following?

a. providing investigative and emergency assistance

b. providing patrol services along interstate highways

c. protecting noted political dignitaries

d. providing patrol services to unincorporated areas

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Local Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

32. Local-level police departments that have geographic jurisdiction limited to a specific city or region are referred to as ______.

a. highway patrols

b. county sheriffs

c. municipal police

d. federal agents

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Local Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

33. The majority of special law enforcement officers serve for ______.

a. university police agencies

b. public school districts

c. port authorities

d. airport police

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Special Law Enforcement Agencies

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

34. The typical role of women hired by police agencies in the twentieth century included ______.

a. correctional

b. investigative

c. clerical

d. social work

Learning Objective: 7-3: Discuss the history of women in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Women in Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

35. Research indicates that policewomen have been particularly successful within models of community policing due to enhanced ______.

a. problem-solving skills through correlation

b. interrogations skills through communication

c. problem-solving skills through communication

d. investigative skills through correlation

Learning Objective: 7-3: Discuss the history of women in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Women in Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

36. The first female police officer was hired by the ______.

a. Los Angeles Police Department

b. Chicago Police Department

c. New York Police Department

d. Dallas Police Department

Learning Objective: 7-3: Discuss the history of women in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Women in Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

37. Which of the following was identified as a significant barrier that women faced in the field of policing?

a. lack of appropriately sized uniforms

b. unlimited promotion opportunities

c. lack of family-friendly policies

d. lack of collegiality amongst male officers

Learning Objective: 7-3: Discuss the history of women in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Women in Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

38. Which of the following statements regarding women in policing is true?

a. Women are more likely to be employed in larger jurisdictions.

b. Many women have navigated their way to the top position of police chief.

c. Women are not generally passed over for promotions.

d. Sexual harassment in policing is unheard of.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Discuss the history of women in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Women in Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

39. Who was the first African-American appointed to Chief of Police in 1992?

a. Samuel Battle

b. Robert W. Stewart

c. Wiley G. Overton

d. Willie L. Williams

Learning Objective: 7-4: Explain the importance of racial and ethnic diversity in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

40. Which survey collects data on state and local law enforcement agencies?

a. U.S. Labor and Statistics

b. Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics

c. Federal Law Enforcement Equality Statistics

d. Uniform Crime Report

Learning Objective: 7-4: Explain the importance of racial and ethnic diversity in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

41. Which of the following statements regarding diversity in policing is true?

a. The size of the department can impact the racial and ethnic diversity of its officers.

b. The larger the department, the less racially and ethnically diverse are the sworn personnel.

c. The size of the department does not alter which racial and ethnic minorities are represented.

d. The race and ethnicity of the police chief is an indicator of the representation of minorities in departments.

Learning Objective: 7-4: Explain the importance of racial and ethnic diversity in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

42. In 2018, the majority of the police officers in the Los Angeles Police Department identified as ______.

a. White

b. Hispanic/Latino

c. Black

d. Asian

Learning Objective: 7-4: Explain the importance of racial and ethnic diversity in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

43. Police departments that are smaller in size are more likely to have a large representation of ______ police officers.

a. White

b. Hispanic/Latino

c. Black

d. Asian

Learning Objective: 7-4: Explain the importance of racial and ethnic diversity in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

44. Which president’s Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice suggested that minority officers would not only have a greater understanding of the needs of these communities, but would also have greater credibility?

a. Lyndon B. Johnson

b. John F. Kennedy

c. Jimmy Carter

d. Harry S. Truman

Learning Objective: 7-4: Explain the importance of racial and ethnic diversity in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Importance of a Diverse Police Force

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

45. The limited number of minorities in upper management can _____.

a. encourage citizens to apply to the police force

b. encourage officers to seek upper management positions

c. impact retention of qualified minority candidates

d. impact the morale of the department

Learning Objective: 7-4: Explain the importance of racial and ethnic diversity in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Importance of a Diverse Police Force

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

46. Which of the following was identified as a barrier to diversity for police organizations?

a. education

b. funding

c. retention

d. training

Learning Objective: 7-4: Explain the importance of racial and ethnic diversity in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Importance of a Diverse Police Force

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

47. In the chain of command, which of these is the lowest level?

a. assistant chief

b. sergeant

c. captain

d. detective

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the structure of a police organization and the various job functions that officers hold within the agency.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Police Roles

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

48. The ______ is the first rank that carries supervisory duties.

a. assistant chief

b. captain

c. sergeant

d. lieutenant

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the structure of a police organization and the various job functions that officers hold within the agency.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Police Roles

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

49. The police chief is appointed by ______.

a. the mayor

b. the commissioner

c. the county judge

d. the people

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the structure of a police organization and the various job functions that officers hold within the agency.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Police Roles

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

50. The ______ is responsible for a subdivision of the police department, such as community affairs, internal affairs, or intelligence.

a. assistant chief

b. captain

c. sergeant

d. lieutenant

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the structure of a police organization and the various job functions that officers hold within the agency.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Police Roles

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

51. ______ are responsible for following a case throughout the investigation.

a. Police chiefs

b. Sergeants

c. Lieutenants

d. Detectives

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the structure of a police organization and the various job functions that officers hold within the agency.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Police Roles

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

52. The ______ found that increasing (or decreasing) the level of police presence in a region did not have a significant effect on crimes such as burglary, theft, robbery, or vandalism. Such changes in patrol patterns also did not impact citizen satisfaction levels with their police or their fear about crime.

a. Kentucky Preventative Patrol Experiment

b. Las Vegas Preventative Patrol Experiment

c. Kansas City Preventative Patrol Experiment

d. New York City Preventative Patrol Experiment

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Random Versus Directed Patrols

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

53. ______ targets a specific area of a city.

a. Foot patrol

b. Directed patrol

c. Random patrol

d. Preventive patrol

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Random Versus Directed Patrols

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

54. ______ is a type of directed patrol that uses crime-mapping technologies.

a. Random

b. Indirect

c. Hot-spot

d. Foot

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Random Versus Directed Patrols

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

55. Which of the following are considered to be core components of CompStat?

a. effective information sharing

b. timely and accurate information or intelligence

c. relentless investigation

d. planned deployment of resources

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Random Versus Directed Patrols

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

56. ______ policing is influenced by the broken windows theory, which suggests that when lesser acts of disorder are left unattended in a neighborhood, there is an increased risk for serious crime to breed.

a. Order maintenance

b. Aggressive maintenance

c. Hot spot

d. Community

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Order Maintenance Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

57. ______ is “a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support the systematic use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques, to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime.”

a. Order maintenance policing

b. Hot-spot policing

c. Community policing

d. Directed patrol policing

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Community Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

58. The ______ was established within the Department of Justice in 1994 as part of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act.

a. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services

b. Office of Order Maintenance Policing Services

c. Office of Violent Crime Policing Services

d. Office of Problem-Oriented Policing Services

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Community Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

59. ______ encourages police officers not just to look at individual crimes or issues but rather to understand the root causes of crime.

a. Order maintenance policing

b. Predictive policing

c. Community policing

d. Problem-oriented policing

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Problem-Oriented policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

60. Which of the following is a part of the process of predictive policing?

a. follow-up

b. victim response

c. police operations

d. intervention

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Predictive Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

61. Which of the following statements is consistent with the argument that targeting policing is a good strategy?

a. Hot-spots policing has reduced crime in targeted areas.

b. The data can result in systemic over policing of various populations.

c. It can harm police-community relations.

d. It can damage democracy.

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Current Controversy 7.1: Is Targeting Policing a Good Policing Strategy?

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

62. Which of the following tools is used consistently by criminal justice street-level bureaucrats and is often at the center of controversies involving discriminatory, unfair, political, and abusive behavior?

a. honesty

b. duty

c. discretion

d. corruption

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the structure of a police organization and the various job functions that officers hold within the agency.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Current Controversy 7.2: Is Street-Level Bureaucracy a Good Thing?

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

True/False

1. Sir Robert Peel said, “police seek and preserve public favor not by catering to the public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law.”

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Brief History on Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

2. The Secret Service was established by President George Washington on April 14, 1855.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Brief History on Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

3. Robert Peel’s principles of police helped shape the modern system of policing.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Brief History on Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

4. The political era is the second era in the evolution of American policing.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Political Era

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

5. August Vollmer advocated for the hiring of politicians as police officers.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Political Era

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

6. The reform era began in the 1920s as the foundation for modern policing. Agencies focused on controlling crime by apprehending offenders and deterring would-be violators.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reform Era

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

7. The information era is a time period in which the primary strategy involved the use of foot patrols to better connect with community members.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Community Problem-Solving Era

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

8. There are also agencies that have jurisdiction over special areas, such as college campuses, transportation agencies, or special-subject enforcement agencies.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Types of Police Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

9. The U.S. Marshals Service is the oldest law enforcement agency in the nation.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Department of Justice

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

10. The mission of the Department of Homeland Security is centered on protecting our nation’s borders and preventing acts of terrorism.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Department of Homeland Security

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

11. State law enforcement agencies provide investigative emergency assistance to local agencies and federal agencies.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

12. New York City does not have the greatest number of officers proportionate to the population.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Local Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

13. Local law enforcement accounts for the majority of all law enforcement agencies.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Local Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

14. There are 250 departments who are responsible for providing law enforcement for public school districts.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Special Law Enforcement Agencies

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

15. Research indicates that male officers are more than 8½ times more likely than female officers to be accused of excessive force.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Discuss the history of women in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Women in Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

16. Women officers are typically not involved in cases of police brutality and corruption.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Discuss the history of women in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Women in Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

17. The first Black police officer was Samuel Battle.

Learning Objective: 7-4: Explain the importance of racial and ethnic diversity in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

18. The size of the department can impact the racial and ethnic diversity of its officers

Learning Objective: 7-4: Explain the importance of racial and ethnic diversity in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

19. President Kennedy’s Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice suggested that minority officers would not only have a greater understanding of the needs of minority communities, but would also have greater credibility.

Learning Objective: 7-4: Explain the importance of racial and ethnic diversity in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Importance of a Diverse Police Force

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

20. The limited number of minorities in upper management can impact the retention of qualified minority candidates.

Learning Objective: 7-4: Explain the importance of racial and ethnic diversity in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Importance of a Diverse Police Force

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

21. The jurisdiction of an agency determines both the demographic boundaries of their authority as well as the types of cases they might handle on a regular basis.

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the structure of a police organization and the various job functions that officers hold within the agency.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Do the Police Do?

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

22. Order maintenance policing is influenced by the routine activities theory

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Order Maintenance Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

23. Community policing requires that police departments be proactive and develop partnerships with other community actors, such as schools, churches, business owners, and other community groups.

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Community Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

24. Problem-oriented policing is a reactive model, just like order maintenance policing.

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Problem-Oriented Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

25. SARA stands for scanning, analysis, response, and assessment.

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Problem-Oriented Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

Short Answer

1. What are the major contributions of Sir Robert Peel?

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Brief History on Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

2. What are the major contributions of August Vollmer?

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Political Era

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

3. Identify the three eras of policing.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A Brief History of Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

4. What role makes up the majority of the sworn officers in a department? What are they responsible for?

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the structure of a police organization and the various job functions that officers hold within the agency.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Police Roles

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

5. What is the difference between random and directed patrol?

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Random Versus Directed Patrol

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

6. What were the major findings of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment?

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Random Versus Directed Patrol

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

7. What is community policing?

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Community Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

8. What is problem-oriented policing?

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Problem-Oriented Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

9. Explain the relevance of SARA. What is it, and how is it used?

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Problem-Oriented Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

10. Describe predictive policing.

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Predictive Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

Essay

1. What are some significant features of the political era?

Learning Objective: 7-1: Discuss the three eras of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Political Era

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

2. What is jurisdiction? According to geographical jurisdiction, what are the three different types of police organizations?

Learning Objective: 7-2: Identify the different types of police organizations.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Police Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

3. Discuss the history of women in policing.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Discuss the history of women in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Women in Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

4. Why is racial and ethnic diversity important in policing?

Learning Objective: 7-4: Explain the importance of racial and ethnic diversity in policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Importance of a Diverse Police Force

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.

5. Compare and contrast problem-oriented policing and community policing.

Learning Objective: 7-6: Distinguish between the various strategies and tactics of policing.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Problem-Oriented Policing

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Examine the development of policing organizations and strategies and the challenges faced by police.