Verified Test Bank Well-Being And Health Chapter 20

Chapter 20. Well-Being and Health

1. ___________ theory seeks to understand well-being as a universal striving for the realization of human potential.

a. Ecological

b. Mental training

c. Systems

d. Self-determination

Cognitive domain: Application

Answer location: Well-Being Through Realizing One’s Potential: Self-Determination Theory and Psychological Well-Being

Question type: MC

2. ____________ is the strong identification and attachment many Hispanic (or Latino/Latina) people experience with their nuclear and extended families.

a. Machismo

b Familismo

c. Personalismo

d. Discrecion

Cognitive domain: Application

Answer location: Hispanic

Question type: MC

3. From __________ perspectives, well-being is constructed through efforts to fulfill one’s full potential as an individual.

a. Hedonic

b. Eudaimonic

c. Shamanic

d. Cognitive-behavior

Cognitive domain: Application

Answer location: Well-Being Through Realizing One’s Potential: Self-Determination Theory and Psychological Well-Being

Question type: MC

4. Subjective well-being that is focused on maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain is based on the __________ perspective.

a. Hedonic

b. Eudaimonic

c. Shamanic

d. Cognitive-behavior

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Well-Being Through Realizing One’s Potential: Self-Determination Theory and Psychological Well-Being

Question type: MC

5. __________ values individuation, independence, self-determination, and the self-regulation of behavior.

a. Autonomy

b. Well-being

c. Culture

d. Counseling

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Well-Being Through Realizing One’s Potential: Self-Determination Theory and Psychological Well-Being

Question type: MC

6. ________ perceive themselves as possessing discrete abilities, attitudes, and personality traits. a. Persons from collectivist cultures

b. Persons from individualistic cultures

c. Educated persons

d. Persons from wealthy backgrounds

Cognitive domain: Applications

Answer location: Psychological Well-Being and Health Are Understood Through Beliefs About the Self: Culture Shapes Understandings of the Self

Question type: MC

7. According to _______ theory, the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness create intrinsic goals for the person, leading the person to actualization of his or her potential.

a. Ecological

b. Mental training

c. Systems

d. Self-determination

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Well-Being Through Realizing One’s Potential: Self-Determination Theory and Psychological Well-Being

Question type: MC

8. _________cultural backgrounds occupy contrasting value poles from the tenets of subjective well-being theory in the areas of self-evaluation and affectivity.

a. East Asian

b. Middle Eastern

c. African

d. Hispanic

Cognitive domain: Applications

Answer location: Asian American

Question type: MC

9. ___________ theory posits autonomy, competence, and relatedness as three universal psychological needs that, when fulfilled, create psychological well-being.

a. Ecological

b. Mental training

c. Systems

d. Self-determination

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Well-Being Through Realizing One’s Potential: Self-Determination Theory and Psychological Well-Being

Question type: MC

10. American Indians and Alaska Natives represent an extraordinarily diverse ethnocultural grouping of _________ federally recognized tribes.

a. 182

b. 365

c. 420

d. 566

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: American Indians and Alaska Native

Question type: MC

11. Latinos who perceive _________ discrimination tend to identify more with their ethnic group.

a. No ethnic

b. Less ethnic

c. More ethnic

d. Significantly less

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Hispanic

Question type: MC

12. Among African American adults, ______ attend religious services regularly.

a. 78%

b. 67%

c. 56%

d. 45%

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: African Americans

Question type: MC

13. People from cultures aligned with an individualism/independence orientation conceive of themselves primarily as

a. Superior

b. Inclusive

c. No discrimination

d. Autonomous

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Psychological Well-Being and Health Are Understood Through Beliefs About the Self: Culture Shapes Understandings of the Self

Question type: MC

14. Effective well-being counseling must be

a. Person-centered

b. Culture- centered

c. Cognitive based

d. Evidence based

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: The Cultural Construction of Psychological Well Being and Health

Question type: MC

15. For many multicultural individuals, well-being counseling involves values _____.

a. Adaptation

b. Modification

c. Rejection

d. Clarification

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Psychological Well-Being and Health Are Defined Through Values: Values Are Culturally Defined

Question type: MC

16. Culture- centered well-being counseling involves values clarification within the cultural frame of

a. The counselor

b. The client

c. Both counselor and client

d. Agency

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Situating Psychological Well-Being and Health Counseling Within Culture

Question type: MC

17. Lewis-Fernandez and Kleinman (1994) identified the following critical culture-bound assumptions that limits understandings in psychopathology EXCEPT

a. An individualist or egocentric view of the self

b. A view of culture as additive instead of central to defining psychological state

c. A collectivist view of self and culture

d. Mind–body dualism

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Situating Psychological Well-Being and Health Counseling Within Culture

Question type: MC

18. Among African American adults, ________ self-identify as religious.

a. 96%

b. 89%

c. 64%

d. 52%

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: African American

Question type: MC

19. Well-being counseling __________ a “culture- centered” approach.

a. Prefers

b Requires

c. Favors

d. Indulgence

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Situating Psychological Well-Being and Health Counseling Within Culture

Question type: MC

20. Among African American adults, _____ self-identify as religious.

a. 29%

b. 49%

c. 69%

d. 89%

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: African American

Question type: MC

21. The determinants of psychological well-being and health are rooted in the assumptions, beliefs, and values of culture.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Situating Psychological Well-Being and Health Counseling Within Culture

Question type: TF

22. Self-determination theory emphasizes intrinsic goals that provide for a deeper sense of well-being than extrinsic goals such as wealth, attractiveness, and social standing

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Well-Being Through Realizing One’s Potential: Self-Determination Theory and Psychological Well-Being

Question type: TF

23. Culturally defined values and conceptions of the self are at the heart of personal understandings of well-being.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: The Cultural Construction of Psychological Well Being and Health

Question type: TF

24. Development of a coherent sense of cultural identity is an important goal for multicultural well-being counseling.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Situating Psychological Well-Being and Health Counseling Within Culture

Question type: TF

25. Multicultural individuals in contemporary societies typically occupy a single identity.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Situating Psychological Well-Being and Health Counseling Within Culture

Question type: TF

26. Existing research links religiosity and spirituality to African American well-being.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: African American

Question type: TF

27. One implication for multicultural counseling is that a person’s views about living well and the nature of being may be quite different from those of the dominant culture.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: The Cultural Construction of Psychological Well Being and Health

Question type: TF

28. Homophily is an inclination to associate and bond with people who are different from oneself.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Hispanic

Question type: TF

29. There are no universal or “culture-free” measures or theories of well-being.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Conclusions: Values Clarification, Formation of Sense of Self, and Resolution of Intersectionality Tensions

Question type: TF

30. Hispanic ethnic identity is associated with well-being, and research has documented its protective effects in providing a buffer from perceived discrimination and acculturative stress.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Hispanic

Question type: TF

31. Explain the term “familismo.”

a. Familismo is the strong identification and attachment many Hispanic people experience with their nuclear and extended families, often involving elevation of family over individual needs. As a value system, it emphasizes obligations of material and emotional support to family members. In return, the individual receives family help and support to solve problems. Through this process, the family becomes central for decision making and behavior.

Cognitive domain: Comprehension.

Answer location: Hispanic

Question type: SA

32. Ryff (2008) describes well-being through a six-factor structure of needs assumed as universal among people. List two such needs.

a. (1) Self-acceptance, (2) Positive relations with others, (3) Autonomy, (4) Environmental mastery, (5) Purpose in life, and (6) Personal growth

Cognitive domain: Application

Answer location: Well-Being Through Realizing One’s Potential: Self-Determination Theory and Psychological Well-Being

Question type: SA

33. Define ethnic identity.

a. Ethnic identity is a person’s affiliation with the values and assumptions of an ethnic group and the resulting sense of group inclusion

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Sources of Values and Sense of Self: Racial and Ethnic Identity

Question type: SA