Full Test Bank Acculturation Ecology & Counseling Chapter 18

Chapter 18. The Ecology of Acculturation: Implications for Counseling Across Cultures

1. Research has concluded that _________ produces the healthiest acculturation outcomes.

a. Reorientation

b. Separation

c. Integration

d. Assimilation

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Conceptualizations of Acculturation

Question type: MC

2. Which of the following is NOT a dimension on which acculturating groups can be distinguished?

a. Mobility

b. Permanence

c. Voluntariness

d. Power

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Conceptualizations of Acculturation

Question type: MC

3. __________ of immigrants in the United States, excluding Mexican immigrants, say there is at least “some” discrimination against immigrants.

a. 30%

b. 42%

c. 57%

d. 75%

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Acculturation and the Counselor

Question type: MC

4. In this approach of counseling, the counselor uses his or her personal and professional expertise to devise innovative strategies for client needs.

a. Counselor as translator

b. Counselor as culturally encapsulated assimilator

c. Counselor as self-facilitator

d. Counselor as specialist

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Acculturation and the Counselor

Question type: MC

5. When individuals neither maintain their ethnic culture nor participate in or adopt elements of the wider society, _________ occurs.

a. Separation

b. Integration

c. Marginalization

d. Assimilation

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Conceptualizations of Acculturation

Question type: MC

6. ______________ of Mexican immigrants in the United States say there is at least “some” discrimination against immigrants.

a. One quarter

b. One half

c. Three-quarters

d. One fourth

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Acculturation and the Counselor

Question type: MC

7. Counselors can use the following levels of acculturation to understand the various issues they may confront EXCEPT

a. Contextual level

b. Relational level

c. Individual level

d. Interactive level

Cognitive domain: Application

Answer location: The Ecology of Acculturation: Implications for Counseling

Question type: MC

8. In this approach of counseling, the counselor serves as a bridge between two cultures, not only assisting the migrant client to operate effectively in the new environment but also educating local persons about other cultures and what can be learned from them.

a. Counselor as translator

b. Counselor as culturally encapsulated assimilator

c. Counselor as self-facilitator

d. Counselor as specialist

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Acculturation and the Counselor

Question type: MC

9. Individuals who retain their ethnic culture as well as interact with and adopt elements of the majority culture are seen to be engaged in

a. Separation

b. Integration

c. Marginalization

d. Assimilation

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Conceptualizations of Acculturation

Question type: MC

10. Surveys have found that _______of Muslim Americans consider prejudice and discrimination against Muslims to be major problems.

a. 10%

b. 15%

c. 20%

d. 30%

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Acculturation and the Counselor

Question type: MC

11. __________ involve behavioral responses to acculturation, or the person’s skills for navigating and engaging successfully in novel cross-cultural encounters.

a. Sociocultural adaptation

b. Multicultural adaptation

c. Psychological adaptation

d. Interpersonal adaptation

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Conceptualizations of Acculturation

Question type: MC

12. In this approach of counseling, the counselor emphasizes the individuality of each student, rather than seeing an immigrant as a member of a labeled group.

a. Counselor as translator

b. Counselor as culturally encapsulated assimilator

c. Counselor as self-facilitator

d. Counselor as specialist

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Acculturation and the Counselor

Question type: MC

13. The _________ level concerns who is involved in the acculturation process and places emphasis on the interpersonal aspects of acculturation.

a. Contextual

b. Relational

c. Individual

d. Interactive level

Cognitive domain: Application

Answer location: The Ecology of Acculturation: Implications for Counseling

Question type: MC

14. Individuals who place a high value on retaining their ethnic culture while avoiding interaction with other cultures endorse a _________ strategy.

a. Separation

b. Integration

c. Marginalization

d. Assimilation

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Conceptualizations of Acculturation

Question type: MC

15. In this approach of counseling, counselors are trapped in the culturally dominant way of thinking that advocates rapid assimilation “in the students’ best interests.”

a. Counselor as translator

b. Counselor as culturally encapsulated assimilator

c. Counselor as self-facilitator

d. Counselor as specialist

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Acculturation and the Counselor

Question type: MC

16. ___________consists of a person’s affective responses to acculturation, such as sense of well-being, absence of depression, and life satisfaction within a new cultural situation.

a. Sociocultural adaptation

b. Multicultural adaptation

c. Psychological adaptation

d. Interpersonal adaptation

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Conceptualizations of Acculturation

Question type: MC

17. The _________ level of acculturation concerns where and under what conditions acculturation is taking place.

a. Contextual

b. Relational

c. Individual

d. Interactive level

Cognitive domain: Application

Answer location: The Ecology of Acculturation: Implications for Counseling

Question type: MC

18. It must be noted that changes following acculturation_____ .

a. May or may not be positive

b. Are always positive

c. Are always negative

d. Are mostly positive

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Conceptualizations of Acculturation

Question type: MC

19. The psychological and behavioral changes that take place in an individual or group in response to environmental demands are referred to as

a. Cultural skills

b. Adaptation outcomes

c. Culture shock

d. Assimilation outcomes

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Conceptualizations of Acculturation

Question type: MC

20. When individuals place little value on maintaining their cultural heritage and choose to interact with and take on parts of the majority culture, they are seen to adopt a strategy of

a. Separation

b. Integration

c. Marginalization

d. Assimilation

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Conceptualizations of Acculturation

Question type: MC

21. Acculturation is a neutral process; changes arising from intercultural contact may be positive or negative.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Conceptualizations of Acculturation

Question type: TF

22. Contact with other cultures may result in an individual developing a stronger sense of “world-mindedness.”

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Conceptualizations of Acculturation

Question type: TF

23. Persons in groups that are voluntarily subjected to culture contact and change tend to suffer more mental health problems than involuntary migrants.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Conceptualizations of Acculturation

Question type: TF

24. Berry (1997) suggests that in the short term, changes following acculturation tend to be negative and often disruptive.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Conceptualizations of Acculturation

Question type: TF

25. Contextual factors can increase or diminish the likelihood that acculturating individuals will adapt well, acquire the necessary skills to negotiate multiple cultural demands and expectations, and enjoy well-being.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: The Contextual Level

Question type: TF

26. Relatedness is a core value in individualistic cultures and plays a key role in shaping interpersonal and intergroup behaviors.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Acculturation and the Counselor

Question type: TF

27. In Canada, 36% of visible minorities report that they have experienced discrimination on the basis of race or culture in the past 5 years.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Acculturation and the Counselor

Question type: TF

28. Lower socioeconomic status has been found to buffer acculturative stress.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Personal Background

Question type: TF

29. Migrating families bring a range of strengths to the acculturation process, specifically in regard to the supportive function of the family unit.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: The Family

Question type: TF

30. Perceived discrimination is related to a variety of negative outcomes, including increased stress, lowered self- and group esteem, and impaired health.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Acculturation and the Counselor

Question type: TF

31. Explain the difference between unidimensional models of acculturation and bidimensional models of acculturation.

a. The difference between these approaches is that unidimensional models are based on the notion that cultural adaptation to the mainstream goes hand in hand with a loss of attachment to one’s own ethnic and cultural ties (culture shedding), whereas bidimensional models do not make this assumption.

Cognitive domain: Comprehension.

Answer location: Conceptualizations of Acculturation

Question type: SA

32. Briefly discuss the concept of ecological theory.

a. Ecological theory is based on the concept that life-course development takes place across a variety of contexts in which the individual is in constant interaction with other individuals and groups. Behavior occurs within a set of overlapping ecological systems (e.g., the family, peer group, workplace, community, and broad social setting) that all operate together, creating a comprehensive set of influences on the individual.

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: The Ecology of Acculturation: Implications for Counseling

Question type: SA

33. Discuss the concept of acculturation.

a. The term acculturation has been used to refer to both changes at the group level and changes in the psychology of the individual (Berry, 1997). At the group level, changes may occur in the social structure of the group or in the group’s economic and value base. At the individual level, changes take place in identity, values, and behavior (Sam, 2006).

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Conceptualizations of Acculturation

Question type: SA