Verified Test Bank Politics, Warfare, And Law Chapter 12

Test Bank

Chapter 12: Politics, Warfare, and Law

Multiple Choice

1. Centralization of power is a feature of which society?

a. bands

b. tribes

c. chiefdoms

d. states

Learning Objective: 12.1: Discuss how anthropologists understand politics, warfare, and law.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Politics, Warfare, and Law

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Armed conflict within the same political community is ______.

a. internal warfare

b. external warfare

c. a feud

d. a riot

Learning Objective: 12.1: Discuss how anthropologists understand politics, warfare, and law.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Warfare and Feuds

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Guilt can result from the violation of a society’s ______.

a. power systems

b. ethos

c. sanctions

d. ritual capital

Learning Objective: 12.1: Discuss how anthropologists understand politics, warfare, and law.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Law and Social Control

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Being made to pay a speeding ticket of $200 is an example of the exercise of ______.

a. theft

b. illegitimate power

c. coercion

d. authority

Learning Objective: 12.1: Discuss how anthropologists understand politics, warfare, and law.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Politics, Warfare, and Law

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The possession of weapons is a form of ______ capital.

a. social

b. martial

c. ritual

d. symbolic

Learning Objective: 12.1: Discuss how anthropologists understand politics, warfare, and law.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Politics, Warfare, and Law

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Leadership in band societies is based on ______.

a. personal qualities

b. inheritance

c. wealth

d. martial capital

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the characteristics of politics in foraging societies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Political Organization in Foraging Societies

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Leaders of bands would ______ others to follow the course of action they think best.

a. force

b. command

c. coerce

d. persuade

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the characteristics of politics in foraging societies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Political Organization in Foraging Societies

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. When a person in a foraging society fails to do their share of work, what type of conflict resolution will likely occur?

a. violent punishment

b. ostracism from the group

c. ridicule by children

d. assessment of a fine

Learning Objective: 12.3: Describe the features of violence and warfare in foraging societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict Resolution

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The conflict resolution method used by Inuit men who both wanted the same woman is most similar to the contemporary Western practice of ______.

a. the rap battle

b. political debate

c. creating memes

d. mass incarceration

Learning Objective: 12.3: Describe the features of violence and warfare in foraging societies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Eskimo Song Duel

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Foraging societies do not wage extended campaigns of warfare because ______.

a. they are generally peaceful people

b. subsistence activities prevent the absence of people for long periods

c. men are needed at home to defend the farms

d. perpetrators of violence are exiled from the group

Learning Objective: 12.3: Describe the features of violence and warfare in foraging societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Warfare and Violence in Foraging Societies

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. An example of a nonkin sodality in tribal sodalities is the ______.

a. descent group

b. council of elders

c. lineage

d. band

Learning Objective: 12.4: Discuss the characteristics of politics in tribal societies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sodalities

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. The absence of centralized political power in tribal societies can be traced to which factor?

a. horticulture

b. violence

c. reciprocity

d. nomadism

Learning Objective: 12.4: Discuss the characteristics of politics in tribal societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Leaders Are Chosen

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. When a big man dies, what happens to his political power?

a. it is passed to his eldest son

b. it reverts to the council

c. it dissolves

d. it goes to his most respected supporter

Learning Objective: 12.4: Discuss the characteristics of politics in tribal societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Big Man

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. In pastoralist tribal societies, the leader of a more self-sufficient group is ______.

a. less powerful

b. wields more coercive power

c. responsible for the herds of all of his followers

d. able to command cooperation

Learning Objective: 12.4: Discuss the characteristics of politics in tribal societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Pastoralist Tribal Politics

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. ______ are crucial in the accumulation and maintenance of a headman’s power in tribal societies.

a. Outsiders

b. Enemies

c. Women

d. Spells

Learning Objective: 12.4: Discuss the characteristics of politics in tribal societies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Village Headman

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Internal warfare among the Mae Enga is fought primarily for ______.

a. ideals

b. land

c. wives

d. vengeance

Learning Objective: 12.5: Discuss how anthropologists explain tribal warfare.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Explaining Tribal Warfare

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Which method of conflict resolution is not available to most people in tribal societies?

a. moving to another location

b. oaths

c. negotiation

d. ordeals

Learning Objective: 12.5: Discuss how anthropologists explain tribal warfare.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Law and Conflict Resolution Among Tribes

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. In witch hunts of the 16th and 17th centuries, suspected witches were thrown into water to see they drowned or lived. This practice is most similar to which tribal conflict resolution practice?

a. oaths

b. ordeals

c. oracles

d. negotiation

Learning Objective: 12.5: Discuss how anthropologists explain tribal warfare.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Ordeals

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Mediators in tribal disputes have ______.

a. authority but not coercive power

b. coercive power to enforce decisions

c. influence but no authority or power

d. no impact on decisions

Learning Objective: 12.5: Discuss how anthropologists explain tribal warfare.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Law and Conflict Resolution Among Tribes

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. The practice of succession based on primogeniture meant that which individual was the most likely successor to chiefly power?

a. the son of the previous chief

b. the head of the clan

c. the chief of the conquering group

d. the son of the chief’s sister

Learning Objective: 12.6: Describe political authority in chiefdoms.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Political Authority in Chiefdoms

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Unlike band and tribal leaders, chiefs held ______.

a. absolute power

b. all of the wealth of the group

c. coercive power

d. roles as mediators

Learning Objective: 12.6: Describe political authority in chiefdoms.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Political Authority in Chiefdoms

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Which of the following statements about chiefly power is true?

a. It was absolute.

b. It could be diminished.

c. It passed through the matrilineage.

d. It depended upon the control of the spirit realm.

Learning Objective: 12.6: Describe political authority in chiefdoms.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A Case Study: The Trobriand Islands

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. According to the regional symbiosis hypothesis, chiefly power emerged as a result of ______.

a. conquest of bands and tribes by powerful men

b. increases in the intelligence of human groups

c. the exchange of wives over a broad region

d. the regulation of the distribution of resources

Learning Objective: 12.7: Discuss how anthropologists explain the evolution and origins of chiefdoms.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Evolution of Chiefdoms

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. The instability of many chiefdom societies led to ______.

a. their disintegration and return to band societies

b. their easy conquest by agricultural states

c. cycling between greater and lesser degrees of centralization

d. exploitation by tribal societies

Learning Objective: 12.7: Discuss how anthropologists explain the evolution and origins of chiefdoms.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Evolution of Chiefdoms

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Which of the following is a sanction for crimes against authority in chiefdoms?

a. the death sentence

b. ridicule

c. arbitration

d. ordeals

Learning Objective: 12.7: Discuss how anthropologists explain the evolution and origins of chiefdoms.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Law in Chiefdoms

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Chiefs acted as ______ in disputes.

a. mediators

b. complementary opposition

c. spiritual guides

d. judges

Learning Objective: 12.7: Discuss how anthropologists explain the evolution and origins of chiefdoms.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Law in Chiefdoms

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Which of the following is an example of an agricultural state?

a. the Mbuti

b. the Ju’/hoansi

c. the Aztecs

d. the Yanomamö

Learning Objective: 12.8: Discuss the features of politics in agricultural civilizations.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Politics in Agricultural States

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. The first formal laws were known as ______.

a. the Ten Commandments

b. the Rosetta Stone

c. the code of Hammurabi

d. confucianism

Learning Objective: 12.8: Discuss the features of politics in agricultural civilizations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Law in Agricultural States

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. From the very beginning, legal systems have functioned to maintain order and ______.

a. benefit those in authority

b. ensure everyone had equal rights

c. punish those who oppressed others

d. regulate marriage

Learning Objective: 12.8: Discuss the features of politics in agricultural civilizations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Law in Agricultural States

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. How did warfare in agricultural states differ from warfare in band societies?

a. It could be initiated by any male.

b. It included feuding.

c. They used professional armies.

d. It was waged as raids.

Learning Objective: 12.8: Discuss the features of politics in agricultural civilizations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Warfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Nationalism in industrial and postindustrial states is a result of ______.

a. self-identity

b. stronger connections among all of the people in a state

c. social class conflict

d. literacy

Learning Objective: 12.9: Discuss the characteristics of politics in industrial and postindustrial societies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Political Organization in Industrial and Postindustrial States

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. How did Marx see socialist governments?

a. As the final phase of cultural evolution.

b. As the ideal form of society.

c. As a precursor to the downfall of the state.

d. As the end of inequality.

Learning Objective: 12.9: Discuss the characteristics of politics in industrial and postindustrial societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Political Organization in Socialist States

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. Social change in industrial and postindustrial societies depends on ______.

a. the legal system

b. protests

c. sanctions

d. religion

Learning Objective: 12.9: Discuss the characteristics of politics in industrial and postindustrial societies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Law

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Japanese culture prioritizes ______ over obtaining justice.

a. wealth

b. reconciliation

c. respect

d. moral blame

Learning Objective: 12.9: Discuss the characteristics of politics in industrial and postindustrial societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Japanese Law

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. What has been the primary goal of warfare in industrial and postindustrial states?

a. The establishment of socialist regimes.

b. The spread of Christianity to all corners of the world.

c. Political and economic dominance over other states.

d. Controlling migration.

Learning Objective: 12.10: Discuss how warfare changes in industrial and postindustrial states.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Warfare and Industrial Technology

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Sanctions are punishments for violation of norms.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Discuss how anthropologists understand politics, warfare, and law.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Law and Social Control

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Band societies do not engage in warfare.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Describe the features of violence and warfare in foraging societies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Warfare and Violence in Foraging Societies

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. According to the rules of complementary opposition in tribal societies, a person should fight on the side of an enemy within their group against any person outside of their group.

Learning Objective: 12.4: Discuss the characteristics of politics in tribal societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Complementary Opposition

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Humans have a biological drive for violence.

Learning Objective: 12.5: Discuss how anthropologists explain tribal warfare.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Explaining Tribal Warfare

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The legal system replaced mediation as a conflict resolution system.

Learning Objective: 12.8: Discuss the features of politics in agricultural civilizations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mediation and Self-Help

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Compare and contrast legitimate and illegitimate power.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Discuss how anthropologists understand politics, warfare, and law.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Politics, Warfare, and Law

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. How does the segmentary lineage system organize loyalty in violent conflict in tribal societies?

Learning Objective: 12.4: Discuss the characteristics of politics in tribal societies.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Complementary Opposition

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Discuss the factors that might influence a man in a tribal society to instigate warfare.

Learning Objective: 12.5: Discuss how anthropologists explain tribal warfare.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Multidimensional Explanations of Tribal Warfare

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Discuss the relationship between religion and royalty in agricultural states.

Learning Objective: 12.8: Discuss the features of politics in agricultural civilizations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Politics in Agricultural States

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Discuss the development of nationalism in industrial and postindustrial societies.

Learning Objective: 12.9: Discuss the characteristics of politics in industrial and postindustrial societies.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Political Organization in Industrial and Postindustrial States

Difficulty Level: Hard