Test Questions & Answers Religion And Aesthetics Chapter 13

Test Bank

Chapter 13: Religion and Aesthetics

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following statements about religious beliefs is most accurate?

a. They are influenced by the culture in which they live.

b. They are based on an objective reality.

c. They are measurable and testable.

d. They are categorized as savage, barbaric, or civilized.

Learning Objective: 13.1: Discuss how anthropologists such as Clifford Geertz define religion.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Religion

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Which perspective is often used to examine religious beliefs?

a. scientific

b. humanistic-interpretive

c. cultural materialist

d. functionalist

Learning Objective: 13.1: Discuss how anthropologists such as Clifford Geertz define religion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Religion

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Which of the following statements about mythic knowledge is true?

a. Mythic knowledge explains people’s place in the natural and supernatural worlds.

b. Mythic knowledge is fictional.

c. Mythic knowledge is based on objective reality.

d. Mythic knowledge is supernatural.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Discuss how anthropologists define myth and ritual.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Myths and Rituals

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. ______ convey(s) unique personal and psychological experiences for every individual who participates.

a. Myths

b. Rituals

c. Spells

d. Aggregation

Learning Objective: 13.2: Discuss how anthropologists define myth and ritual.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Myths and Rituals

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Many Christians experience a deeply emotional moment when they repent their sins and accept Jesus Christ as their savior. This is an example of the ______ mode of religiosity.

a. doctrinal

b. mythical

c. ritual

d. imagistic

Learning Objective: 13.2: Discuss how anthropologists define myth and ritual.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Myths and Rituals

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. What are the four major rites of passage around the world?

a. education, marriage, retirement, and burial

b. puberty, graduation, parenthood, and death

c. birth, puberty, marriage, and funerals

d. birth, puberty, graduation, and marriage

Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe the stages of rites of passage as discussed by anthropologists.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Rites of Passage

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. If we consider marriage in the United States a rite of passage, what would be the liminal phase?

a. proposal

b. engagement

c. wedding

d. honeymoon

Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe the stages of rites of passage as discussed by anthropologists.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Rites of Passage

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Seeing a human face in a crumpled piece of paper is an example of the human phenomenon of ______.

a. deification

b. cognition

c. perception

d. anthropomorphism

Learning Objective: 13.4: Discuss the new developments by cognitive anthropologists and their understanding of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cognition and Religion

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Religion served as a ______ force in large-scale societies.

a. prosocial

b. kinship

c. cognitive

d. competitive

Learning Objective: 13.4: Discuss the new developments by cognitive anthropologists and their understanding of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cognition and Religion

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. What was the effect of religion in agricultural civilizations?

a. Competition within groups and cooperation between groups.

b. Competition within and between groups.

c. Cooperation within and between groups.

d. Cooperation within groups and competition between groups.

Learning Objective: 13.4: Discuss the new developments by cognitive anthropologists and their understanding of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cognition and Religion

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. The “all-knowing” nature of many gods or spiritual entities is ______.

a. logical

b. counterintuitive

c. universal

d. irrelevant

Learning Objective: 13.4: Discuss the new developments by cognitive anthropologists and their understanding of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cognition and Religion

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. An ethnomusicologist would be most likely to study which of the following?

a. sculpture

b. painting

c. dance

d. building

Learning Objective: 13.5: Discuss how anthropologists study art and music in different societies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Aesthetics: Art and Music

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Which of the following statements about art and music is most accurate?

a. They are excluded from ritual and religious contexts in most societies.

b. They exist only in more advanced societies.

c. They are less important in anthropological work than economic and political systems.

d. They have different symbolic meanings for different audiences.

Learning Objective: 13.5: Discuss how anthropologists study art and music in different societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Aesthetics: Art and Music

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Cosmic religions consider ______ sacred.

a. the natural world

b. art

c. suffering

d. the church

Learning Objective: 13.6: Describe examples of religion found in foraging societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Religion Among Foragers

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. How do animistic religions view humans?

a. As one of many types of beings with souls.

b. As dominant over nature.

c. as. deities

d. As being in constant competition with one another.

Learning Objective: 13.6: Describe examples of religion found in foraging societies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Religion Among Foragers

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Which Australian Aborigine phenomenon explains the origins of the world and provides a moral order for humans?

a. tree of life

b. dreamtime

c. garden of Eden

d. spirit realm

Learning Objective: 13.6: Describe examples of religion found in foraging societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Dreamtime

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Where do souls go after death in Inuit religion?

a. A fearsome afterlife with eternal punishment.

b. A warm paradise with ample food and drink.

c. Near the living until they are reincarnated.

d. The underworld to be punished or rewarded based on their lives.

Learning Objective: 13.6: Describe examples of religion found in foraging societies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inuit Religion

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Which of the following statements is true about the art produced by foraging societies?

a. It is based on the body.

b. It is primitive and rudimentary.

c. It is associated with nature.

d. It is reflective of great deprivation.

Learning Objective: 13.7: Describe examples of art and music found in foraging societies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Art, Music, and Religion Among Foragers

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Illness among the Jivaro is attributed to ______.

a. germs

b. spells

c. spirit helpers

d. natema

Learning Objective: 13.8: Describe examples of religion found in horticulturalist and pastoralist societies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Animism and Shamanism in South America

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. The funerary rituals of the Yanomamö involve which of the following?

a. cannibalism

b. trance

c. ritual battle

d. headhunting

Learning Objective: 13.8: Describe examples of religion found in horticulturalist and pastoralist societies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Animism and Shamanism in South America

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Among the Azande, witches got their power by ______.

a. consuming the flesh of the dead

b. inheriting it from another witch

c. feeding benge to a bird

d. drinking natema

Learning Objective: 13.8: Describe examples of religion found in horticulturalist and pastoralist societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Role of Witchcraft

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Which of the following statements about the Navajo belief in witchcraft is true?

a. It led to frequent battles between kinship groups.

b. It contradicted their beliefs in spirit beings.

c. It explained the origins of the universe.

d. It led to the distribution of excess wealth.

Learning Objective: 13.8: Describe examples of religion found in horticulturalist and pastoralist societies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Role of Witchcraft

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Which of the following statement is true about religion in chiefdom societies?

a. It was respected only by common people.

b. It conflicted with chiefly authority.

c. It had individual prophets.

d. It legitimized chiefly power.

Learning Objective: 13.9: Discuss how religion is interrelated with politics in chiefdom societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Religion in Chiefdoms

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. In Hawaiian, Tongan, and Tahitian chiefdoms, deposed chiefs lost their ______.

a. mana

b. tabu

c. souls

d. witchcraft

Learning Objective: 13.9: Discuss how religion is interrelated with politics in chiefdom societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A Case Study: Law and Religion in Polynesia

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. The practice of ______ in some chiefdoms was a strategy used to eliminate political rivals of chiefs.

a. tabu

b. mana

c. Makahiki

d. human sacrifice

Learning Objective: 13.9: Discuss how religion is interrelated with politics in chiefdom societies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Human Sacrifice

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. The creation of the Easter Island moai was possible due to ______ in chiefdoms.

a. witchcraft and sorcery

b. highly organized labor

c. egalitarianism

d. subsistence technology

Learning Objective: 13.10: Describe examples of art, architecture, and music in chiefdom societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Art, Architecture, and Music in Chiefdoms

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Hawaiian performances of music and dance were meant to honor the ______.

a. ocean spirits

b. chiefs and ancestors

c. importance of kinship and family ties

d. turning of the seasons

Learning Objective: 13.10: Describe examples of art, architecture, and music in chiefdom societies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Music

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Written religious texts are found in which type of societies?

a. foraging

b. horticultural

c. pastoralist

d. agricultural

Learning Objective: 13.11: Describe some examples of ecclesiastical and universalistic religions found in agricultural societies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Religion in Agricultural States

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Ecclesiastical religions were characterized by which of the following?

a. Separation of church and state.

b. The global spread of beliefs.

c. Close ties between religious and state authority.

d. Religious tolerance and pluralism.

Learning Objective: 13.11: Describe some examples of ecclesiastical and universalistic religions found in agricultural societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ecclesiastical Religions

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Which of the following statements is true about priests in ecclesiastical religions?

a. They were considered gods in their own right.

b. They challenged the authority of political rulers.

c. They guided individuals to their own religious practice.

d. They standardized religious beliefs.

Learning Objective: 13.11: Describe some examples of ecclesiastical and universalistic religions found in agricultural societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Divine Rulers, Priests, and Religious Texts

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Islamic art focused on which of the following?

a. Calligraphic representations of Qur’an verses.

b. The human body and portraits.

c. Daily and religious life.

d. Landscapes and seascapes.

Learning Objective: 13.12: Describe some examples of art, architecture, and music in agricultural societies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Art, Architecture, and Music in Agricultural States

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. ______ in Western industrial states is largely due to the emergence of scientific explanations for phenomena.

a. Religious belief

b. Secularization

c. Genocidal wars

d. Industrialization

Learning Objective: 13.13: Discuss religion and secularization in industrial and postindustrial societies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Religion and Secularization in Industrial and Postindustrial Societies

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. Which of the following statements is true about religion in socialist states?

a. It did not exist.

b. It was seen as a tool of oppression.

c. It was practiced only by political leaders.

d. It increased as industrialization progressed.

Learning Objective: 13.13: Discuss religion and secularization in industrial and postindustrial societies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Religion in Socialist States

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. ______ religious beliefs are often a response to secularization.

a. Expanded

b. Liberal

c. Restricted

d. Fundamentalist

Learning Objective: 13.13: Discuss religion and secularization in industrial and postindustrial societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Fundamentalist Movements

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. Which of the following statements is true about musical trends in postindustrial Europe?

a. It made classical music accessible to all levels of society.

b. It became more restrictive in terms of social class.

c. It rejected the earlier themes of passion and love.

d. It embraced the rigid hierarchy of modern life.

Learning Objective: 13.14: Discuss some developments in art and music in industrial and postindustrial societies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Music

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Anthropological studies of religion aim to determine which religious beliefs are most accurate.

Learning Objective: 13.1: Discuss how anthropologists such as Clifford Geertz define religion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Religion

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Rites of passage are religious rituals.

Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe the stages of rites of passage as discussed by anthropologists.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Rites of Passage

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Sorcery in tribal societies is used for evil deeds.

Learning Objective: 13.8: Describe examples of religion found in horticulturalist and pastoralist societies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Role of Sorcery

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Judaism is an example of a universalistic religion.

Learning Objective: 13.11: Describe some examples of ecclesiastical and universalistic religions found in agricultural societies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Universalistic Religions

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Wealthy patrons of the arts emerged in agricultural societies.

Learning Objective: 13.12: Describe some examples of art, architecture, and music in agricultural societies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Art, Architecture, and Music in Agricultural States

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Discuss shamanic power among foraging religions.

Learning Objective: 13.6: Describe examples of religion found in foraging societies.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Inuit Religion

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Compare and contrast witchcraft and sorcery in tribal societies.

Learning Objective: 13.8: Describe examples of religion found in horticulturalist and pastoralist societies.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Witchcraft and Sorcery

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Discuss Aztec human sacrifice in the context of Aztec religion.

Learning Objective: 13.11: Describe some examples of ecclesiastical and universalistic religions found in agricultural societies.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Human Sacrifice

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Compare and contrast ecclesiastical and universalistic religions in agricultural societies.

Learning Objective: 13.11: Describe some examples of ecclesiastical and universalistic religions found in agricultural societies.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Universalistic Religions

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Discuss the secularization of modern Japanese people.

Learning Objective: 13.13: Discuss religion and secularization in industrial and postindustrial societies.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Religion in Japan

Difficulty Level: Medium