Full Test Bank Ch10 Social Structure, The Family, Marriage, - Complete Test Bank | Cultural Anthropology Global 10e by Raymond Scupin. DOCX document preview.
Test Bank
Chapter 10: Social Structure, the Family, Marriage, and Age
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is an example of an ascribed status?
a. daughter
b. student
c. wife10.8
d. business owner
Learning Objective: 10.1: Discuss the general components of social structure, including status, the family, and marriage.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Components of Social Structure
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Your siblings and parents are part of your ______.
a. endogamous unit
b. family of orientation
c. patrilocality
d. achieved status
Learning Objective: 10.1: Discuss the general components of social structure, including status, the family, and marriage.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Family
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Some societies lack incest taboos for which of the following reasons?
a. Sex within nuclear families is acceptable.
b. The idea of incest is so ridiculous a taboo is unnecessary.
c. Cousin marriage keeps wealth in the family.
d. The incest taboo has not yet evolved in those societies.
Learning Objective: 10.2: Discuss how anthropologists understand incest avoidance and the incest taboo.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Understanding Incest Avoidance and the Incest Taboo
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Incest avoidance is ______ because of a combination of biological and cultural factors.
a. universal
b. selective
c. fragile
d. ascribed
Learning Objective: 10.2: Discuss how anthropologists understand incest avoidance and the incest taboo.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Incest Avoidance: Biocultural Perspectives
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Two new mothers decide to raise their babies together. Though the babies are not biologically related, they never develop sexual attraction to one another after they reach maturity. This supports the ______ hypothesis.
a. Oedipal
b. Freudian
c. childhood familiarity
d. genetic
Learning Objective: 10.2: Discuss how anthropologists understand incest avoidance and the incest taboo.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Childhood Familiarity Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Age discrimination against the elderly is ______.
a. universal
b. common in preindustrial societies
c. due to their declining strength and vitality
d. related to technological development
Learning Objective: 10.3: Discuss how anthropologists understand age as an aspect of social structure.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Age and Status
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Marriages in foraging societies are formed according to ______.
a. alliance needs
b. personal preference
c. romantic love
d. men’s wishes
Learning Objective: 10.4: Describe the social structure, family, marriage, and age in foraging societies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Marriage Rules
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. A man who marries his maternal uncle’s daughter is marrying his ______.
a. parallel-cousin
b. cross-cousin
c. second cousin
d. nuclear family member
Learning Objective: 10.4: Describe the social structure, family, marriage, and age in foraging societies.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Marriage Rules
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Divorce among foragers is ______.
a. fraught and complicated
b. not possible
c. dangerous for the wives
d. usually simple
Learning Objective: 10.4: Describe the social structure, family, marriage, and age in foraging societies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Divorce
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Fraternal polyandry refers to marriage between ______.
a. one man and multiple sisters
b. multiple men
c. multiple women
d. one woman and multiple brothers
Learning Objective: 10.4: Describe the social structure, family, marriage, and age in foraging societies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Other Marital Patterns Among Foragers
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. The elderly in foraging societies are ______.
a. those who are older than 60 years
b. abandoned or killed
c. of low status
d. revered and honored
Learning Objective: 10.4: Describe the social structure, family, marriage, and age in foraging societies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Roles of the Elderly
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. A grandmother caring for her grandchildren is an example of ______.
a. coparenting
b. alloparenting
c. adoption
d. fictive kinship
Learning Objective: 10.4: Describe the social structure, family, marriage, and age in foraging societies.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Childcare Activities
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. ______ descent groups are the most common in tribal societies.
a. Patrilineal
b. Matrilineal
c. Ambilineal
d. Double
Learning Objective: 10.5: Describe the social structure, family, marriage, descent groups, and age for tribal societies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Unilineal Descent Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. Members of societies that practice ______ descent may choose to affiliate themselves with either the mother’s or father’s descent group.
a. patrilineal
b. bilateral
c. ambilineal
d. double
Learning Objective: 10.5: Describe the social structure, family, marriage, descent groups, and age for tribal societies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Ambilineal Descent Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. Members of a ______ believe they are related but cannot necessarily trace genealogical relationships.
a. nuclear family
b. lineage
c. extended family
d. clan
Learning Objective: 10.5: Describe the social structure, family, marriage, descent groups, and age for tribal societies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Clans
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. Why is polygyny most common in tribal societies?
a. More wives allow for the management of more livestock and production of more children.
b. More husbands mean that more people are investing in the welfare of each woman.
c. There are many more men than women in tribal societies.
d. Men are believed to love many women while women only love one man at a time.
Learning Objective: 10.5: Describe the social structure, family, marriage, descent groups, and age for tribal societies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Polygyny
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. The practices of the levirate and the sororate emphasize that marriage ______.
a. can end warfare between two groups
b. is more important for women than men
c. prioritizes romantic love
d. creates kinship obligations
Learning Objective: 10.5: Describe the social structure, family, marriage, descent groups, and age for tribal societies.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Levirate and Sororate
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. In a gerontocratic tribal society, which of the following people would be most powerful?
a. a young woman
b. a small boy
c. a middle-aged man
d. an elderly man
Learning Objective: 10.5: Describe the social structure, family, marriage, descent groups, and age for tribal societies.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Elderly
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Sumptuary rules in chiefdom societies ______.
a. reserve certain rights for certain ranks
b. require the consumption of special foods during rituals
c. dictate cross-cousin marriage
d. maintain egalitarianism
Learning Objective: 10.6: Discuss how status differences, the family, and age are related in chiefdom societies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Rank and Sumptuary Rules
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Chiefdoms were usually endogamous for ______.
a. nuclear family
b. lineage
c. social stratum
d. gender
Learning Objective: 10.6: Discuss how status differences, the family, and age are related in chiefdom societies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Endogamy
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. The Natchez marriage rules requiring upper ranked people to marry stinkards resulted in ______.
a. fewer marriages overall
b. marriages exogamous to the society
c. marriages for love
d. social mobility
Learning Objective: 10.6: Discuss how status differences, the family, and age are related in chiefdom societies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Marriage
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. Senior males in chiefdoms had ______ due to their control of nearly every aspect of society.
a. hegemonic power
b. downward social mobility
c. hypergamous marriages
d. tattoos over their entire bodies1
Learning Objective: 10.6: Discuss how status differences, the family, and age are related in chiefdom societies.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Age
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. A war captive in a typical chiefdom would be most likely to experience ______.
a. forced labor that nobody else wanted to do
b. cruel treatment by his captors
c. adoption or marriage into a kin group
d. systematic breeding to create more enslaved people
Learning Objective: 10.6: Discuss how status differences, the family, and age are related in chiefdom societies.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Slavery
Difficulty Level: Medium
24. Social status in agricultural states was based primarily on ______.
a. land ownership and occupation
b. charisma and leadership skills
c. matrilineal descent groups
d. control over ritual objects
Learning Objective: 10.7: Discuss the family, kinship, marriage, and age patterns in agricultural states.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Social Structure in Agricultural States
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. Extended family ties were significant in agricultural states because of the need for ______.
a. wives for domestic labor
b. protection against people from neighboring groups
c. cooperation in farm labor
d. markets for finished products
Learning Objective: 10.7: Discuss the family, kinship, marriage, and age patterns in agricultural states.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Extended Family
Difficulty Level: Medium
26. Peasants in agricultural societies were exogamous for ______.
a. extended family
b. moiety
c. state
d. status
Learning Objective: 10.7: Discuss the family, kinship, marriage, and age patterns in agricultural states.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Marriage
Difficulty Level: Medium
27. A marriage is arranged in an agricultural state between a man and a young woman. Before the marriage takes place, her parents send gifts and money to her future husband’s family. These goods and money are ______.
a. bridewealth
b. her dowry
c. brideservice
d. held for her benefit
Learning Objective: 10.7: Discuss the family, kinship, marriage, and age patterns in agricultural states.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Dowry and Bridewealth
Difficulty Level: Medium
28. Social status in agricultural states is usually ______.
a. open
b. achieved
c. ascribed
d. highly mobile
Learning Objective: 10.8: Discuss the type of stratification characteristic of agricultural states.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Social Stratification in Agricultural States
Difficulty Level: Easy
29. Compared to bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and agricultural states, kinship in industrialized states is ______.
a. consanguineous only
b. more affinal
c. more restrictive
d. less important
Learning Objective: 10.9: Discuss the social structure, family, marriage, and age patterns in industrial and postindustrial societies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Kinship
Difficulty Level: Easy
30. Factories reduced the ______ role of extended families.
a. social
b. economic
c. political
d. reproductive
Learning Objective: 10.9: Discuss the social structure, family, marriage, and age patterns in industrial and postindustrial societies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Family
Difficulty Level: Easy
31. Marriage in industrial and postindustrial societies is based on ______.
a. economic considerations
b. intergroup cooperation
c. the need to forge alliances
d. romantic love
Learning Objective: 10.9: Discuss the social structure, family, marriage, and age patterns in industrial and postindustrial societies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Marriage
Difficulty Level: Medium
32. Which of the following reasons explains why divorce rates are higher in industrial and postindustrial states than in preindustrial societies?
a. Marriage is an individual rather than kin group decision in industrial and postindustrial states.
b. Romantic love is a bad way to determine whom to marry.
c. Women are more financially independent in preindustrial societies.
d. Social stigma against divorce is very high in postindustrial states.
Learning Objective: 10.9: Discuss the social structure, family, marriage, and age patterns in industrial and postindustrial societies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Divorce
Difficulty Level: Medium
33. Nuclear family households have become more common than extended family households in industrial and postindustrial states due to ______.
a. climate change
b. the need for childcare
c. expenses related to caring for elders
d. mobility related to finding work
Learning Objective: 10.9: Discuss the social structure, family, marriage, and age patterns in industrial and postindustrial societies.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Family
Difficulty Level: Medium
34. A wealthy person makes a few phone calls to people in their extended family, resulting in a prestigious job for their child who recently graduated college. This is an example of ______.
a. capitalism
b. nepotism
c. socialism
d. meritocracy
Learning Objective: 10.9: Discuss the social structure, family, marriage, and age patterns in industrial and postindustrial societies.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Kinship
Difficulty Level: Medium
35. The American belief that equal opportunity for success is available to all leads to which flawed understanding of social class differences?
a. People in poverty are poor because they don’t work hard.
b. People often die as part of the same social class as when they were born.
c. Wealthy people have a better chance at the American Dream.
d. Individual abilities are not as important as systemic inequities.
Learning Objective: 10.10: Compare the class structures of Britain, the United States, Japan, and the former Soviet Union.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Class in the United States
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. Inbreeding creates harmful genes.
Learning Objective: 10.2: Explain how anthropologists understand incest avoidance and the incest taboo.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Biological Explanations of Incest Avoidance
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. People experience the ageing process similarly in all societies.
Learning Objective: 10.3: Discuss how anthropologists understand age as an aspect of social structure.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Age
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Bridewealth objectifies women in tribal societies.
Learning Objective: 10.5: Describe the social structure, family, marriage, descent groups, and age for tribal societies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Bridewealth Exchange
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Grandparents in industrial and postindustrial states have a greater alloparental role than in preindustrial societies.
Learning Objective: 10.9: Discuss the social structure, family, marriage, and age patterns in industrial and postindustrial societies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Age
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. The gaps in power, wealth, and status in industrial societies is smaller than that in preindustrial agricultural states.
Learning Objective: 10.10: Compare the class structures of Britain, the United States, Japan, and the former Soviet Union.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Social Stratification in Industrial and Postindustrial Societies
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
1. How do the practices of cross-cousin marriage and patrilocality enhance the formation of alliances in foraging societies?
Learning Objective: 10.4: Describe the social structure, family, marriage, and age in foraging societies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Marriage Rules
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. Are marriages in matrilineal tribal societies more or less stable than in patrilineal tribal societies? Why?
Learning Objective: 10.5: Describe the social structure, family, marriage, descent groups, and age for tribal societies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Divorce
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. Discuss the strategies used by members of chiefdoms to acquire the highest social status possible.
Learning Objective: 10.6: Discuss how status differences, the family, and age are related in chiefdom societies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Social Structure in Chiefdoms
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. Compare and contrast the status of the elderly in industrial and postindustrial states and those in preindustrial societies.
Learning Objective: 10.9: Discuss the social structure, family, marriage, and age patterns in industrial and postindustrial societies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Age
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. Discuss the factors that lead to slavery in agricultural states.
Learning Objective: 10.8: Discuss the type of stratification characteristic of agricultural states.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Slavery
Difficulty Level: Hard
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Complete Test Bank | Cultural Anthropology Global 10e
By Raymond Scupin