Verified Test Bank Chapter.13 Personality Disorders

Chapter 13 Test Bank
 

1. Which of the following is not part of the definition of personality? 

A. a consistent pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving

B. enduring over time

C. pervasive across situations

D. having no genetic basis

E. All of the given options are correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.1 Outline the factors differentiating normal from dysfunctional personality functioning.
Topic: Personality
 

2. The five factor model of personality identifies the following five essential personality traits: neuroticism, extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness and: 

A. openness to experience.

B. orientation to the external environment.

C. obsessive-compulsiveness.

D. optimism.

E. perfectionism.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.1 Outline the factors differentiating normal from dysfunctional personality functioning.
Topic: General Models of the Aetiology and Treatment of Personality Disorders
 

3. According to Millon (1981), core features that differentiate disordered personality from normal-range problematic behaviours include: 

A. functional inflexibility.

B. self-defeating patterns of behaviour.

C. unstable functioning in the face of stress.

D. All of the given options are correct.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.1 Outline the factors differentiating normal from dysfunctional personality functioning.
Topic: General Models of the Aetiology and Treatment of Personality Disorders
 

4. According to the DSM-5, personality disorders: 

A. are enduring patterns of perceiving, thinking and relating to the environment and oneself.

B. are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts.

C. differ markedly from the expectations of cultural groups.

D. cause significant personal distress and impairment in functioning.

E. All of the given options are correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.2 Describe the two classification systems for diagnosing personality disorders, including their similarities and differences.
Topic: Diagnosis of Personality Disorders
 

5. The development of individuals' personalities (adaptive or pathological) is influenced and determined by: 

A. peer interactions.

B. genetic predisposition.

C. the nature, timing and intensity of life events.

D. genetic predisposition and the nature, timing and intensity of life events.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.4 Describe prominent models regarding the aetiology and treatment of personality disorders in general.
Topic: General Models of the Aetiology and Treatment of Personality Disorders
 

6. The prevalence of personality disorders: 

A. differs between cultures but is stable over time.

B. varies over time but not between cultures.

C. varies between cultures and over time.

D. does not vary between cultures or over time.

E. does not vary between genders.

Blooms: Evaluation
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.3 Summarise and critically evaluate research on the prevalence of personality disorders.
Topic: Epidemiology of Personality Disorders
 

7. Estimates of the degree to which various personality traits are inherited: 

A. range from 40–60 per cent.

B. range from 20–30 per cent.

C. range from 2–5 per cent.

D. range from 1–2 per cent.

E. There is no genetic basis to personality.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.3 Summarise and critically evaluate research on the prevalence of personality disorders.
Topic: Epidemiology of Personality Disorders
 

8. Cluster A personality disorders are defined in terms of: 

A. a personality with anxious and fearful traits and behaviours.

B. a personality with odd or eccentric traits or psychotic features.

C. a personality with dramatic, acting-out or flamboyant behaviours.

D. All of the given options are correct.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.2 Describe the two classification systems for diagnosing personality disorders, including their similarities and differences.
Topic: Diagnosis of Personality Disorders
 

9. Cluster B personality disorders are defined in terms of: 

A. a personality with anxious and fearful traits and behaviours.

B. a personality with odd or eccentric traits or psychotic features.

C. a personality with dramatic, acting-out or flamboyant behaviours.

D. All of the given options are correct.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.2 Describe the two classification systems for diagnosing personality disorders, including their similarities and differences.
Topic: Diagnosis of Personality Disorders
 

10. Cluster C personality disorders are defined in terms of: 

A. a personality with anxious and fearful traits and behaviours.

B. a personality with odd or eccentric traits or psychotic features.

C. a personality with dramatic, acting-out or flamboyant behaviours.

D. All of the given options are correct.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.2 Describe the two classification systems for diagnosing personality disorders, including their similarities and differences.
Topic: Diagnosis of Personality Disorders
 

11. In health and mental health settings, the personality disorder that interests and involves clinicians most is: 

A. paranoid personality disorder.

B. narcissistic personality disorder.

C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

D. histrionic personality disorder.

E. borderline personality disorder.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe prominent models regarding the aetiology and treatment of specific personality disorders.
Topic: Epidemiology of Personality Disorders
 

12. Young's schema therapy model of personality development suggests that early maladaptive schemas: 

A. develop in childhood and are strengthened by adult relationships.

B. develop in adult life and are strengthened by substance abuse.

C. develop in childhood as a result of biological and interpersonal factors.

D. develop in childhood but are expressed in young adulthood.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.4 Describe prominent models regarding the aetiology and treatment of personality disorders in general.
Topic: General Models of the Aetiology and Treatment of Personality Disorders
 

13. In Young's schema therapy, behavioural techniques aim to: 

A. deal with the client's feelings and thoughts.

B. block images, thoughts and feelings.

C. get the client to react in the exact opposite manner to their schema.

D. alter the coping styles used by the client.

E. All of the given options are correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.4 Describe prominent models regarding the aetiology and treatment of personality disorders in general.
Topic: General Models of the Aetiology and Treatment of Personality Disorders
 

14. Cognitive analytic therapy can be used to treat borderline personality disorder; the key concept is: 

A. distress tolerance skills.

B. relational patterns enacted.

C. maladaptive coping strategies.

D. biologically based emotional vulnerability.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe prominent models regarding the aetiology and treatment of specific personality disorders.
Topic: General Models of the Aetiology and Treatment of Personality Disorders
 

15. Which of the following is not a typical feature of borderline personality disorder? 

A. emotional instability

B. lack of sense of self or identity

C. impulsivity

D. arrogance

E. self-destructive behaviours

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.2 Describe the two classification systems for diagnosing personality disorders, including their similarities and differences.
Topic: Diagnosis of Personality Disorders
 

16. In community samples, the most common personality disorder (2–4%) is: 

A. paranoid personality disorder.

B. borderline personality disorder.

C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

D. narcissistic personality disorder.

E. schizoid personality disorder.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.3 Summarise and critically evaluate research on the prevalence of personality disorders.
Topic: Epidemiology of Personality Disorders
 

17. Which of the following is not one of the nine main types of personality disorders identified in the ICD-10? 

A. schiziod

B. dissocial

C. anankastic

D. dramatic

E. impulsive type

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 13.2 Describe the two classification systems for diagnosing personality disorders, including their similarities and differences.
Topic: Diagnosis of Personality Disorders
 

18. In cognitive therapy for personality disorders, what is the term used to refer to "an organised collection of information in memory that operates automatically"? 

A. a schema

B. a feedback loop

C. rigid cognition

D. a persona

E. transference

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.4 Describe prominent models regarding the aetiology and treatment of personality disorders in general.
Topic: General Models of the Aetiology and Treatment of Personality Disorders
 

19. In Marsha Linehan's biosocial model, the disturbances of borderline personality disorder are primarily attributed to: 

A. dysfunction in the emotion-regulation system.

B. drastically invalidating environments.

C. maladaptive coping strategies.

D. the reciprocal role procedure.

E. hormonal imbalances.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe prominent models regarding the aetiology and treatment of specific personality disorders.
Topic: General Models of the Aetiology and Treatment of Personality Disorders
 

20. In the evaluation of psychological treatments for borderline personality disorder it has been established that: 

A. dialectical behaviour therapy is more effective than schema therapy.

B. dialectical behaviour therapy, cognitive therapies and psychodynamic therapy all demonstrate patient improvement.

C. schema therapy is more effective than dialectical behavioural therapy.

D. All of the given options are correct.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe prominent models regarding the aetiology and treatment of specific personality disorders.
Topic: General Models of the Aetiology and Treatment of Personality Disorders
 

21. In the DSM-5, psychopathy: 

A. is under the Cluster A disorders.

B. is under the Cluster B disorders.

C. is under the Cluster C disorders.

D. is not listed.

E. None of the options given is correct.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.2 Describe the two classification systems for diagnosing personality disorders, including their similarities and differences.
Topic: Diagnosis of Personality Disorders
 

22. The DSM-5 proposed a dimensional approach to classifying personality disorders. In the dimensional component, how many domains of personality type are there? 

A. three

B. five

C. seven

D. 10

E. 20

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 13.3 Summarise and critically evaluate research on the prevalence of personality disorders.
Topic: Diagnosis of Personality Disorders
 

23. Children with low activity of the monoamine oxidase A gene show: 

A. low rates of aggression.

B. high rates of aggression.

C. low rates of aggression but only when they have been maltreated.

D. high rates of aggression but only when they have been maltreated.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe prominent models regarding the aetiology and treatment of specific personality disorders.
Topic: General Models of the Aetiology and Treatment of Personality Disorders
 

24. The personality disorder associated with the greatest levels of disability is: 

A. dependent personality disorder.

B. schizoid personality disorder.

C. schizotypal personality disorder.

D. avoidant personality disorder.

E. borderline personality disorder.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.3 Summarise and critically evaluate research on the prevalence of personality disorders.
Topic: Epidemiology of Personality Disorders
 

25. Which of these is a challenge clinicians often face when conducting assessments for personality disorders? 

A. There are few questionnaires that assess personality disorders.

B. It can be hard to distinguish between dysfunction due to mental state from enduring personality disorders.

C. Personality disorder diagnoses are stable and unchanging.

D. Patients often do not want to participate in time-consuming assessments.

E. All of the options are correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 13.1 Outline the factors differentiating normal from dysfunctional personality functioning.
Topic: Diagnosis of Personality Disorders
 

26. A recent review has reported that _____________ therapy is the most empirically validated treatment for borderline personality disorder. 

A. schema therapy

B. cognitive behaviour therapy

C. dialectical behaviour therapy

D. cognitive therapy

E. behaviour therapy

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe prominent models regarding the aetiology and treatment of specific personality disorders.
Topic: General Models of the Aetiology and Treatment of Personality Disorders
 

27. Research supports the view that schizotypal personality disorder: 

A. represents a milder form of schizophrenia.

B. includes similar types of memory and attention deficits as those found in schizophrenia.

C. includes similar anomalies in brain structure to those found in schizophrenia.

D. has higher levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine.

E. All of the given options are correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.4 Describe prominent models regarding the aetiology and treatment of personality disorders in general.
Topic: General Models of the Aetiology and Treatment of Personality Disorders
 

28. With regard to antisocial personality disorder: 

A. cognitive behaviour therapy has been shown to be effective.

B. schema therapy has been shown to be effective.

C. behaviour therapy has been shown to be effective.

D. no single treatment approach has been shown to be effective.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe prominent models regarding the aetiology and treatment of specific personality disorders.
Topic: General Models of the Aetiology and Treatment of Personality Disorders
 

29. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is typically characterised by all of the following except: 

A. rigidity.

B. perfectionistic style.

C. miserly with money.

D. sense of inferiority.

E. hoarding.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.2 Describe the two classification systems for diagnosing personality disorders, including their similarities and differences.
Topic: Diagnosis of Personality Disorders
 

30. Women, more than men, are more likely to be diagnosed with: 

A. antisocial personality disorder.

B. schizotypal personality disorder.

C. histrionic personality disorder.

D. All of the given options are correct.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.3 Summarise and critically evaluate research on the prevalence of personality disorders.
Topic: Epidemiology of Personality Disorders
 

31. The violence inhibition mechanism model argues that psychopaths: 

A. process emotion information in the same way as other people.

B. have difficulty recognising and processing fear.

C. have difficulty inhibiting emotions.

D. are unable to express their emotions.

E. None of the options given is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe prominent models regarding the aetiology and treatment of specific personality disorders.
Topic: General Models of the Aetiology and Treatment of Personality Disorders
 

32. Cognitive analytic therapy is: 

A. a type of cognitive behaviour therapy.

B. an integration of cognitive therapy and an object-relations approach

C. behaviour therapy.

D. based on schema therapy.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.4 Describe prominent models regarding the aetiology and treatment of personality disorders in general.
Topic: General Models of the Aetiology and Treatment of Personality Disorders
 

33. The coping style of ‘schema avoidance’ involves: 

A. blocking distressing aspects of the content of a schema.

B. ruminating over the content of a schema.

C. challenging schematic content.

D. replacing one schema with another.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.4 Describe prominent models regarding the aetiology and treatment of personality disorders in general.
Topic: General Models of the Aetiology and Treatment of Personality Disorders
 

34. Few individuals with antisocial personality seek help for their difficulties. This is because: 

A. they have poor insight into their difficulties.

B. they may deny their symptoms.

C. they may blame others for their behaviour.

D. All of the options given are correct.

E. None of the options given is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe prominent models regarding the aetiology and treatment of specific personality disorders.
Topic: General Models of the Aetiology and Treatment of Personality Disorders
 

35. How many personality disorders are listed in the DSM-5? 

A. five

B. seven

C. 10

D. 12

E. 18

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.2 Describe the two classification systems for diagnosing personality disorders, including their similarities and differences.
Topic: Diagnosis of Personality Disorders
 

36. Research investigating the prevalence of personality disorders suggests which personality disorder is on the rise because of individualistic work-orientated cultures? 

A. antisocial personality disorder

B. schizotypal personality disorder

C. narcissistic personality disorder

D. histrionic personality disorder

E. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.3 Summarise and critically evaluate research on the prevalence of personality disorders.
Topic: Epidemiology of Personality Disorders
 

37. Large-scale epidemiological studies of personality disorders have estimated their prevalence in the community to be between 4.4 and 21.9 per cent. What is likely to have contributed to these inconsistent findings? 

A. cultural variation

B. methodological shortcomings

C. changes in social norms over time

D. excessive focus on borderline personality disorder

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Evaluation
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.3 Summarise and critically evaluate research on the prevalence of personality disorders.
Topic: Epidemiology of Personality Disorders
 

Chapter 13 Test Bank Summary