Ch15 Exam Questions Ageing And Psychological Disorders

Chapter 15 Test Bank
 

1. A centenarian is: 

A. someone born this century.

B. someone aged 100 years or more.

C. someone aged 65 years or more.

D. a specialist in older people's health.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 15.1 Describe the changes in physical, psychological and interpersonal functioning that are part of normal ageing and how these fit within a lifespan perspective of psychology.
Topic: Normal Ageing Process
 

2. The most common causes of death in the early 1900s and now are: 

A. acute illnesses.

B. chronic illnesses.

C. chronic illnesses in the early 1900s, acute illnesses now.

D. acute illnesses in the early 1900s, chronic illnesses now.

E. acute illnesses in both the early 1900s and now.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 15.1 Describe the changes in physical, psychological and interpersonal functioning that are part of normal ageing and how these fit within a lifespan perspective of psychology.
Topic: Historical Overview of the Psychology of Ageing
 

3. Memory lapses can be caused by: 

A. normal ageing.

B. dementia.

C. autism.

D. both normal ageing and dementia.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 15.1 Describe the changes in physical, psychological and interpersonal functioning that are part of normal ageing and how these fit within a lifespan perspective of psychology.
Topic: Normal Ageing Process
 

4. In general, emotional states: 

A. improve with increasing age.

B. worsen with increasing age.

C. do not change across the lifespan.

D. worsen, but only for women.

E. worsen, but only for men.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 15.1 Describe the changes in physical, psychological and interpersonal functioning that are part of normal ageing and how these fit within a lifespan perspective of psychology.
Topic: Normal Ageing Process
 

5. Which of the following is the most common form of dementia? 

A. vascular dementia

B. frontotemporal dementia

C. Alzheimer's disease

D. Lewy body dementia

E. Parkinson's disease

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe how dementia (neurocognitive disorder) can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Psychological Disorders in Later Life
 

6. Positive ageing is defined as the ability to sustain: 

A. a low risk of disease and disease-related disability.

B. a high level of mental and physical functioning.

C. an active engagement with life.

D. All of the options listed are correct.

E. None of the options listed is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 15.5 Describe how successful or positive ageing can be fostered in older adults.
Topic: Positive or Successful Ageing
 

7. When comparing longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of ageing: 

A. longitudinal studies are more reliable in establishing changes due to ageing.

B. cross-sectional studies are more reliable in establishing changes due to ageing.

C. longitudinal and cross-sectional studies are equally reliable in establishing changes due to ageing.

D. cross-sectional studies are more affected by people dropping out over time.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 15.1 Describe the changes in physical, psychological and interpersonal functioning that are part of normal ageing and how these fit within a lifespan perspective of psychology.
Topic: Demographics and Epidemiology of Ageing
 

8. The cognitive skill that is most robust (least affected by primary or 'normal' ageing) is: 

A. language.

B. memory.

C. complex attention.

D. frontal lobe/executive functioning.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 15.1 Describe the changes in physical, psychological and interpersonal functioning that are part of normal ageing and how these fit within a lifespan perspective of psychology.
Topic: Normal Ageing Process
 

9. Considering the Erikson model and the Costa and McCrae ('big five') model of personality, which of the following statements is correct? 

A. The Erikson model emphasises change but the big five model emphasises stability.

B. The Erikson model emphasises stability but the big five model emphasises change.

C. Both models emphasise change or development of personality.

D. Both models emphasise stability of personality.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 15.1 Describe the changes in physical, psychological and interpersonal functioning that are part of normal ageing and how these fit within a lifespan perspective of psychology.
Topic: Normal Ageing Process
 

10. People gain most benefit from social networks when: 

A. their social networks are largest.

B. their social networks are smallest.

C. the perceived amount of social support is greatest.

D. All of the given options are correct.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 15.1 Describe the changes in physical, psychological and interpersonal functioning that are part of normal ageing and how these fit within a lifespan perspective of psychology.
Topic: Normal Ageing Process
 

11. Mild neurocognitive disorder: 

A. meets the criteria for the diagnosis of dementia.

B. involves cognitive changes that negatively affect functioning.

C. involves impairment of a range of cognitive functions including memory.

D. never progresses to Alzheimer's disease.

E. always progresses to Alzheimer's disease.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe how dementia (neurocognitive disorder) can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Psychological Disorders in Later Life
 

12. In the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, medication: 

A. has no effect.

B. results in a complete cure.

C. improves cognitive functions.

D. hastens the progression of the disease.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe how dementia (neurocognitive disorder) can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Psychological Disorders in Later Life
 

13. Compared with other older people still in the workforce, retirees have been found to: 

A. experience more negative affect.

B. be less anxious and depressed.

C. be more anxious and depressed.

D. be equally anxious and depressed.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 15.4 Describe significant events that may occur in later life with respect to their impact on psychological wellbeing.
Topic: Normal Ageing Process
 

14. One way of differentiating depression from a normal grief reaction is that people with depression are more likely to: 

A. feel sad.

B. have problems with sleep and appetite.

C. have feelings of worthlessness and pervasive guilt or hopelessness.

D. All of the given options are correct.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 15.4 Describe significant events that may occur in later life with respect to their impact on psychological wellbeing.
Topic: Psychological Disorders in Later Life
 

15. Which of the following is not true of Alzheimer's disease? 

A. Everyone eventually gets it, if they live long enough.

B. It is a 'secondary ageing' process.

C. It is due to an identifiable disease process.

D. It is the most common form of dementia.

E. All of the given options are true of Alzheimer's disease.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe how dementia (neurocognitive disorder) can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Psychological Disorders in Later Life
 

16. Age-related declines in information processing capacity mean that as we age: 

A. we get worse at tasks requiring complex, effortful processing.

B. we get worse at tasks requiring simple, automatic processing.

C. we get better at tasks requiring complex, effortful processing.

D. we get better at tasks requiring simple, automatic processing.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 15.1 Describe the changes in physical, psychological and interpersonal functioning that are part of normal ageing and how these fit within a lifespan perspective of psychology.
Topic: Normal Ageing Process
 

17. Compared to people with Alzheimer's disease, those with vascular dementia are more likely to have: 

A. memory impairment as a central feature.

B. declines in social and occupational functioning.

C. a gradual rather than a sudden onset of the illness.

D. focal neurological signs, such as weakness or gait problems.

E. none of the given options.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe how dementia (neurocognitive disorder) can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Psychological Disorders in Later Life
 

18. In the early stages of a frontotemporal dementia, its most conspicuous features are likely to be: 

A. changes in interpersonal conduct.

B. memory problems.

C. gait problems.

D. All of the given options are correct.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe how dementia (neurocognitive disorder) can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Psychological Disorders in Later Life
 

19. Among psychiatric syndromes of older people, the syndrome with the greatest suicide risk is: 

A. dementia.

B. bipolar disorder.

C. a single episode of unipolar depression with psychotic features.

D. a single episode of unipolar depression without psychotic features.

E. generalised anxiety disorder.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe how psychological disorders such as depression or anxiety can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic, assessment and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Psychological Disorders in Later Life
 

20. Of these psychiatric syndromes of older people, the most common syndrome is: 

A. dementia.

B. depression.

C. anxiety.

D. schizophrenia.

E. bipolar disorder.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe how psychological disorders such as depression or anxiety can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic, assessment and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Psychological Disorders in Later Life
 

21. To move away from the stigmatised nature of the term ‘dementia’, one of the most notable changes in the DSM-5 is the suggestion to replace the term with: 

A. age-related cognitive decline.

B. major or mild neurocognitive disorders.

C. Alzheimer's disease.

D. frontotemporal disorders.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe how psychological disorders such as depression or anxiety can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic, assessment and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Psychological Disorders in Later Life
 

22. With respect to age-related changes in cognitive functioning, which of the following is true? 

A. Fluid intelligence declines in the third or fourth decade; crystallised intelligence does not decline significantly.

B. Crystallised intelligence declines in the third or fourth decade; fluid intelligence does not decline significantly.

C. Both fluid and crystallised intelligence improve with age.

D. Both fluid and crystallised intelligence decline with age.

E. There are no age-related changes in either fluid or crystallised intelligence.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 15.1 Describe the changes in physical, psychological and interpersonal functioning that are part of normal ageing and how these fit within a lifespan perspective of psychology.
Topic: Normal Ageing Process
 

23. In studies where age-dependent risk factors for anxiety and depression (e.g., gender, marital status, level of education and employment status) were controlled, there is a consistent pattern of: 

A. decreasing risk of depression or anxiety with increasing age.

B. increasing risk of depression or anxiety with increasing age.

C. no changes in risk of depression or anxiety with increasing age.

D. increasing risk of depression, but decreasing risk of anxiety.

E. increasing risk of anxiety, but decreasing risk of depression.

Blooms: Evaluation
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe how psychological disorders such as depression or anxiety can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic, assessment and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Normal Ageing Process
 

24. Alzheimer's disease is characterised by the presence of: 

A. neurofibrillary tangles only.

B. neuritic plaques only.

C. neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques.

D. Lewy bodies.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe how dementia (neurocognitive disorder) can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Psychological Disorders in Later Life
 

25. Compared to Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia: 

A. has a more sudden onset.

B. is associated with vascular disease risk factors and focal neurological symptoms.

C. generally involves better preserved memory.

D. All of the given options are correct.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe how dementia (neurocognitive disorder) can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Psychological Disorders in Later Life
 

26. Common reasons why older adults might cease driving a car include all of the following except: 

A. fear of having an accident.

B. medications that interfere with attention and concentration.

C. sleep disturbances that might interfere with attention and concentration.

D. health-related symptoms (e.g., arthritis).

E. neurological conditions.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 15.4 Describe significant events that may occur in later life with respect to their impact on psychological wellbeing.
Topic: Normal Ageing Process
 

27. Factors that predict positive retirement include all of the following except: 

A. higher income.

B. part-time employment.

C. being in a relationship.

D. having a choice in the timing of retirement.

E. All of the given options are correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 15.4 Describe significant events that may occur in later life with respect to their impact on psychological wellbeing.
Topic: Normal Ageing Process
 

28. According to data from 2000, the prevalence rate for anxiety disorders in Australians over 65 years of age is: 

A. 1 per cent.

B. 2.5 per cent.

C. 4.5 per cent.

D. 6 per cent.

E. 8 per cent.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe how psychological disorders such as depression or anxiety can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic, assessment and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Psychological Disorders in Later Life
 

29. Older adults with anxiety tend to present with what sort of symptoms? 

A. agitation

B. memory loss

C. sleep disturbance

D. more vegetative symptoms

E. All of the given options are correct.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe how psychological disorders such as depression or anxiety can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic, assessment and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Psychological Disorders in Later Life
 

30. Which of the following is not a strategy used by successful retirees according to Baltes (1999)? 

A. selection

B. optimisation

C. compensation

D. distraction

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe how psychological disorders such as depression or anxiety can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic, assessment and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Normal Ageing Process
 

31. Recent research shows that, on average: 

A. retirement is generally a positive transition for both men and women.

B. retirement is generally a negative transition.

C. retirement is generally a positive experience, but only for men.

D. retirement is generally a negative experience, but only for men.

E. retirement is generally a positive experience, but only for women.

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe how psychological disorders such as depression or anxiety can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic, assessment and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Normal Ageing Process
 

32. The DSM-5 has: 

A. removed the exclusion of bereavement in its criteria for mood disorders.

B. removed bereavement from its mood disorders.

C. added bereavement to its mood disorders, but only for people over 65 years of age.

D. added bereavement to its mood disorders, but only for people under 65 years of age.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe how psychological disorders such as depression or anxiety can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic, assessment and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Psychological Disorders in Later Life
 

33. Which is not one of Cohen's four stages in mature and later life? 

A. midlife re-evaluation

B. liberation stage

C. summing-up phase

D. contemplation phase

E. encore phase

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe how psychological disorders such as depression or anxiety can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic, assessment and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Normal Ageing Process
 

34. In terms of social support in later life, research indicates that: 

A. older men receive less support than older women.

B. older men give more social support than women.

C. men and women receive equal amounts of social support.

D. All of the given options are correct.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 15.3 Describe how psychological disorders such as depression or anxiety can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic, assessment and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Normal Ageing Process
 

35. A change in the DSM-5 was the inclusion of: 

A. Lewy body dementia.

B. Parkinson’s disease.

C. latent dementia.

D. All of the given options are correct.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe how dementia (neurocognitive disorder) can affect an older person’s functioning and what the specific diagnostic and treatment implications are for such disorders in later life.
Topic: Psychological Disorders in Later Life
 

36. In terms of biological possibilities, the theoretical limit to human lifespan is between: 

A. 75 and 90 years.

B. 150 and 200 years.

C. 95 and 100 years.

D. 125 and 130 years.

E. None of the given options is correct.

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 15.5 Describe how successful or positive ageing can be fostered in older adults.
Topic: Positive or Successful Ageing
 

Chapter 15 Test Bank Summary