Verified Test Bank Chapter 9 Heterosexual Deviance

CHAPTER NINE: HETEROSEXUAL DEVIANCE

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Women who make huge sums selling sex to men are sociologically categorized as

a) clever businesswomen.

b) feminist pioneers.

c) heterosexual deviants.

d) members of an exploited group.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 215-216

2. Teenage boys with high self-esteem generally

a) abstain from sex.

b) have sex.

c) are indifferent toward sex.

d) fear sex.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 216-217

3. Teenage girls with high self-esteem generally

a) engage in sex.

b) abstain from sex.

c) are apathetic toward sex.

d) fear sex.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 216-217

4. In the eyes of U.S. society,

a) all premarital sex is seen as deviant.

b) teenage sex is seen as deviant.

c) teenage sex is considered normal.

d) only sex by those under the age of 15 is considered deviant.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 216-217

5. Which of the following statements reflects a conservative position on sex education?

a) Schools should not be involved in any kind of sex education.

b) Schools should teach both abstinence from sex and contraception.

c) Schools should teach about contraception only.

d) Schools should teach only abstinence from sex.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 216-217

6. Which of the following statements about extramarital sex is true?

a) Extramarital sex is equally popular with both men and women.

b) Most married Americans, especially men, wish at one time or another to have an extramarital affair.

c) Most men who have extramarital affairs found their experience very pleasurable.

d) Most people have affairs because they are oversexed.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 217-218

7. Among the Kofyar of Nigeria, a woman who is unhappy with her husband but does not want to divorce may take an extra lover who lives openly with her in her husband’s house. This is an example of

a) legal adultery.

b) illegal adultery.

C) legitimate adultery.

d) deviant adultery.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 217-218

8. According to the text, about __________ of adult American men have participated in extramarital sex.

a) 90 percent

b) 50 percent

c) 30 percent

d) 25 percent

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 217-218

9. Which of the following statements about adultery in other cultures is TRUE?

a) Adultery in other cultures, by definition, involves sexual intercourse.

b) The form of adultery in other countries strongly resembles America’s patterns.

c) Adultery is considered deviant in all cultures.

d) In some cultures, certain adulteries are legitimate.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 218-219

10. The following are more likely to engage in extramarital sex, EXCEPT for

a) men.

b) the lower income.

c) those who have not experienced premarital sex.

d) the less religious.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 218-219

11. According to the text’s author, men participate in adultery more than women because of

a) a widespread belief that men should prove their masculinity.

b) an evolutionary need to create children.

c) the male role in all cultures that permits adultery.

d) the belief of women that men should be permitted to wander.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 218-219

12. After an affair, most often the husband and wife

a) divorce.

b) do whatever they can to save their marriage.

c) react violently to their spouse’s behavior.

d) continue the affair.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 218-219

13. For women, the major significance of an affair is

a) sex.

b) love.

c) money.

d) excitement.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 218-219

14. Although pornography is considered deviant, and much of it is illegal, it is

a) widely used.

b) only popular with a few people.

c) a subject in which only a few sociologists or other scientists are interested.

d) always changing.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 221-222

15. If you believe that pornography is dangerous to communal values such as marriage and the family, you agree with the __________ view of pornography.

a) liberal

b) feminist

c) radical

d) conservative

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 221-222

16. Which of the following aspects of pornography is considered most damaging, to a feminist?

a) its emphasis on sexual gratification and permissiveness

b) its undermining of monogamous relationships by producing sexual arousal outside the marital relationship

c) its direct and indirect link to violence and discrimination

d) its social benefit, such as helping consumers to shed sexual inhibitions

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 222-223

17. The __________ view of pornography emphasizes its harmless impact on society.

a) liberal

b) conservative

c) radical

d) feminist

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 223-224

18. What do phone sex and nude dancing have in common?

a) The same women are involved in both businesses.

b) Both involve in-person contact with the customer.

c) Only talented and beautiful women work in either area.

d) Both result in very low wages for their workers.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 224-225

19. If a caller to a phone sex operator sounds attractive and is able to arouse the operator’s personal or sexual interest, he is a ______ type of caller.

a) likable

b) sexually possessive

c) quick-sex

d) psycho

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 224

20. Which of the following statements about nude dancers is true?

a) They generally make low wages.

b) Most of their customers are middle-class, married men.

c) Most find their work empowering.

d) Most publicly identify themselves as nude dancers.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 225

21. Which of the following definitions of sexual harassment was accepted by the Supreme Court in 1993?

a) any conduct leading to severe psychological injury

b) any conduct that involves actual sexual contact in the workplace

c) casual lewd remarks

d) any conduct that makes the workplace environment hostile or abusive

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 225-226

22. According to the author of the text, sexual harassment

a) is no longer a serious problem in American society.

b) reflects men’s attempt to preserve their traditional dominance over women.

c) is a problem that affects as many men as it does women.

d) is more of a legal than a social problem.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 226-227

23. __________ is the exchange of sex for money.

a) Dating

b) Prostitution

c) Robbery

d) Homosexuality

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 227-228

24. All of the following are popular myths about prostitution, EXCEPT that

a) women become prostitutes because they are nymphomaniacs.

b) all prostitutes are sexually frigid.

c) it is the second oldest profession in the world.

d) most prostitutes are involved with drugs.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 228

25. Which of the following statements about prostitution is TRUE?

a) The different types of prostitutes are part of a highly stratified occupation.

b) The type of prostitutes who make the most money are streetwalkers.

c) Most children who are abused become prostitutes.

d) Most prostitutes make a very good living.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 228-229

26. Compared with most other types of prostitutes, the streetwalker is

a) more attractive.

b) more educated.

c) less often arrested by the police.

d) less able to charge her customers high fees.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 229

27. The highest status prostitute is the

a) call girl.

b) massage-parlor prostitute.

c) streetwalker.

d) gay prostitute.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 231-232

28. Unlike other prostitutes, call girls

a) are routinely explicit in discussing their fees with clients.

b) seem to adhere to a professional code of ethics.

c) wear fantasy and other provocative clothing.

d) can give orders to their clients.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 231-232

29. Roberta Perkins’s study of prostitutes in Australia discovered all of the following about most prostitutes, EXCEPT that they

a) resemble conventional women in desiring marriage and traditional family life.

b) have the same level of education as the general population.

c) have past family and social relations that do not differ from those of average women.

d) have been sexually assaulted as children.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 232-233

30. Which of the following is the most common reason why women enter prostitution?

a) basic personal, social-psychological, and sexual difficulties

b) economic problems like unemployment and the need to support a family

c) addiction to drugs, especially crack

d) extreme poverty and low self-esteem

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 233-234

31. Which of the following statements about the relation of AIDS to prostitution is TRUE?

a) Only long-term prostitutes have a chance of contracting AIDS.

b) A major negative aspect of prostitution is its role in creating the AIDS virus.

c) Relatively few prostitutes in the United States contract the AIDS virus.

d) Few prostitutes in America insist on condoms and therefore catch the AIDS virus from their clients.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 229-230

32. To support their professional ideology, a number of prostitutes claim that their work does all of the following, EXCEPT for

a) preventing rape and other sex crimes.

b) saving marriages.

c) introducing women to a highly skilled profession.

d) providing the same services as social workers and psychiatrists.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 233-234

33. The pimp is a man who

a) visits prostitutes and patronizes brothels with regularity.

b) simply lives off the earnings of one or more prostitutes.

c) is considered the “lowest of the low” by lower-class blacks.

d) is ranked much lower than prostitutes in the prostitute subculture.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 236

34. Which of the following is an example of a compulsive john?

a) a man who likes to beat up prostitutes

b) a man who wants to make friends with every prostitute

c) a man who wants to make friends with one special prostitute

d) a man who cannot keep away from prostitutes, from whom he wants sex only

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 237-238

35. All of the following are reasons why prostitution has become a fast-growing global industry, EXCEPT for

a) the collapse of the Soviet Union.

b) media exploitation of prostitution.

c) growing rural poverty in the Third World.

d) an increasing demand for prostitutes.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 239-240

36. Sociologist Kingsley Davis asserted that prostitution exists because

a) the economic system demands it.

b) genders are separate and unequal.

c) the moral system encourages it.

d) the police try to suppress it.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 240-241

37. All of the following are aspects of the feminist theory of prostitution, EXCEPT that

a) the moral system creates a need for prostitution.

b) the patriarchal system encourages prostitution by creating demand and supply for it.

c) prostitution reinforces patriarchy by subordinating women.

d) prostitution should become a legitimate women’s profession.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 235

38. The popular belief that a woman can earn a lot of money as a prostitute is one of the __________ factors that cause women to become prostitute.

a) predisposing

b) ideological

c) attracting

d) precipitating

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 241

39. The madam is one who

a) solicits customers for a prostitute in return for a share of the proceeds.

b) simply lives off the earnings of one or more prostitutes.

c) is considered the “lowest of the low” by lower-class blacks.

d) is ranked much lower than prostitutes in the prostitute subculture.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 235

40. According to the text, approximately ________ of American men do not participate in extramarital sex.

a) 90 percent

b) 80 percent

c) 75 percent

d) 60 percent

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 217-218

41. In the eyes of most Americans,

a) all premarital sex is considered deviant.

b) teenage sex is considered deviant.

c) teenage sex is considered normal.

d) only sex by those under the age of 15 is considered deviant.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 216-217

True/False Questions

1. U.S. society considers teenage sex to be deviant and unacceptable.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 216-217

2. Teenage sex is not tabooed in the United States.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 216-217

3. Though considered deviant, teenage sex is prevalent in the United States.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 216-217

4. Most prostitutes enter the trade out of economic necessity.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 233-234

5. One misconception about extramarital sex is that people who have affairs are oversexed.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 217-218

6. People who engage in extramarital affairs do not enjoy sex as much on average as those who remain faithful to their partners.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 217-218

7. In some cultures, adultery may take both legitimate and illegitimate forms.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 218-219

8. The definition of adultery is relative across cultures.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 218-219

9. For most women today, affairs are mainly for sex and have little relationship to love or a lasting relationship.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 217-218

10. According to the conservative view, pornography is merely erotic and harmless material that should not be controlled by the government.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 222-223

11. According to liberals, pornography does serve a practical purpose in society.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 223

12. According to studies, nonviolent porn seems to be harmless while violent porn seems to be harmful.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 222-223

13. Phone sex and nude dancing are similar in that both are selling sexual fantasies.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 224-225

14. Sexual harassment is any conduct that makes the workplace environment so hostile or abusive to a reasonable person that the victim finds it harder to perform her job.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 226-227

Answer : True

15. As few as 10 percent of all working women experience actual sexual harassment.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 226-227

16. Prostitution is the exchange of sex for money.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 227

17. Representing the largest number of prostitutes, streetwalkers rank relatively high in the status system of prostitution.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 229

18. A call girl is especially skilled at making her commercial transactions appear non-commercial.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 231-232

19. Call girls are generally more discreet in their operations, compared to streetwalkers.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 231-232

20. Most nude dancers find their work degrading.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 225-226

21. According to Roberta Perkins’s study, prostitutes differ from conventional women in that they do not desire marriage and traditional family life.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 232-233

22. Most customers of topless bars are middle-class, white-collar workers.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 225-226

23. Working-class men are the biggest patrons of topless bars.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 225-226

24. It is relatively rare for prostitutes in the United States and other Western countries to contract the AIDS virus from their sex work.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 229-230

25. A number of prostitutes see themselves as basically honest and many members of respectable society as dishonest.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 232-233

26. The majority of the prostitute’s customers are what Greenwald calls “occasional johns.”

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 238

27. According to Davis’s functional theory, prostitution exists to protect the moral order.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 240-241

28. Recent studies have shown that unemployment and poverty are not social factors that can lead women to prostitution.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 232-233

29. The definition of adultery varies across cultures.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 218-219

30. Prostitution helps preserve “loveless” marriages.

True

False

Difficulty: 3

Page Reference: 233

31. Most prostitutes feel that they are more moral than their customers.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 233-234

32. Pimps generally take 50 percent of a prostitute’s earnings.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 235

33. Teenage sex is still considered deviant and unacceptable in the United States.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 216-217

Fill-In Questions

1. One __________ about extramarital sexuality is that people who have affairs are oversexed.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 217-218

2. For the majority of women entering the prostitution trade, __________ is the primary motivating factor.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 233

3. According to the __________ position on pornography, pornography is harmful to women, because it promotes violence and discrimination against them.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 222-223

4. Those who exchange partners for sex are generally known as __________ .

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 220-221

5. According to the Supreme Court, any conduct that makes the workplace so hostile or abusive that an employee finds it hard to perform a job is actually __________ .

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 226-227

6. ___________ theory suggests that prostitution exists because it is encouraged by society’s moral system and preserves the sexual morality of respectable women.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 228-229

7. The __________ perspective argues that prostitution is a by-product of the patriarchal system.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 240-241

Essay Questions

1. State and defend your position on pornography. Is pornography destructive to the family and society, socially useful material, or harmful to women? Why?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 221-224

2. Pornography saves loveless marriages. Write a response agreeing or disagreeing with this statement.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 222-223

3. Describe and discuss the Supreme Court’s 1993 definition of sexual harassment. What is that definition, and why does it represent an important change? Why do some people, especially conservative men, fear this new definition?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 226-227

4. Analyze why most Americans oppose the legalization of prostitution. What are some of the arguments conservatives give in support of a prostitution ban?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 239-240

5. Compare and contrast the functionalist and social-psychological perspectives on prostitution. What does each theory say about the causes of prostitution? Which view seems correct?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 240-241

6. The legalization of prostitution is destructive to any society. Write a response agreeing or disagreeing with this statement.

Difficulty: 3

Page Reference: 239-240

7. Prostitution destroys the moral fiber of society. Write a response agreeing or disagreeing with this statement.

Difficulty: 3

Page Reference: 227-242

8. Compare and contrast the roles of pimps and madams.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 235-237