Mental Disorder Test Bank Answers Chapter 8 11th Edition

CHAPTER EIGHT: MENTAL DISORDER

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to the latest national survey, nearly __________ percent of all adult Americans have experienced at least one episode of psychiatric disorder during their lifetime.

a) 10

b) 20

c) 30

d) 50

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 180

2. According to the author, which statement about mental disorder is TRUE?

a) Mental disorder is a relatively rare form of deviance.

b) Mental disorder is basically biological in origin.

c) Virtually all of us can be said to be mentally ill at one time or another.

d) About one-half of us have symptoms that could be categorized as a mental disorder.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 180

3. What has been called “the common cold of mental ailments”?

a) hallucination

b) paranoia

c) delusion

d) depression

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 180

4. Which of the following is NOT a myth about mental illness?

a) Most persons experience depression during the summer months.

b) Mentally ill persons are extremely weird.

c) There is a sharp, clear distinction between “mentally ill” and “mentally healthy.”

d) Mental illness is hopeless, mostly incurable.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 181

5. Most people suffer from depression during this season.

a) winter

b) spring

c) summer

d) fall

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 181

6. The public treats all forms of mental distress as a serious mental disorder because

a) all mental disorders are severe.

b) every person has experienced a serious mental disorder at some time in their lives.

c) there is a stigma attached to mental disorder.

d) the public is very knowledgeable about mental disorders.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 180

7. In the psychosocially informed classification system, mental disorder is divided into two large categories, the organic and the

a) dysfunctional.

b) functional.

c) dangerous.

d) abnormal.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 182

8. Which of the following is NOT a cause of the organic type of mental illness?

a) head injuries

b) syphilis

c) lead poisoning

d) parental rejection

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 182

9. If deviant behavior cannot be classified as psychotic or neurotic, a psychiatrist will classify it as a __________ disorder.

a) psychotic

b) personality

c) neurotic

d) organic

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 182-183

10. Which of the following does NOT belong in the category of functional disorders?

a) psychosis

b) neurosis

c) psychosomatic illnesses

d) personality disorders

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 185

11. The most common type of psychosis is

a) manic-depressive behavior.

b) obsessive-compulsive behavior.

c) anxiety reaction.

d) schizophrenia.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 181

12. If a person experiences swings between two opposite extremes of mood, they might have

a) an organic disorder.

b) manic-depressive disorder.

c) a chemical imbalance.

d) schizophrenia.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 184

13. Which of the following is NOT a neurosis?

a) manic depression

b) anxiety reaction

c) phobias

d) obsessions

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 184-185

14. If neurotics can identify the specific object of their anxiety, they are said to experience

a) hysteria.

b) compulsion.

c) obsession.

d) phobia.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 184

15. The most prominent feature of a personality disorder is

a) a blatant disregard for society’s rules.

b) feelings of sadness, dejection, and self-deprecation.

c) phobias and other fears.

d) thinking and talking in unconventional, illogical, or ambiguous ways.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 185-186

16. Which of the following examples of mental problems would most likely be defined as a personality disorder?

a) a crooked politician

b) a person with severe headaches

c) someone with an acute fear of heights

d) a very anxious person

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 185-186

17. The text reports that psychiatrists have criticized the traditional classification system of mental disorders because its classification is

a) largely inaccurate.

b) too broadly and ambiguously defined.

c) substantially reliable but not valid.

d) always a little out of date.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 174

18. According to the text, while DSM-IV can be reliable for describing symptoms of mental illness, it does not necessarily

a) help psychiatrists understand mental disorders.

b) follow ethical guidelines.

c) explain how disorders differ from each other in terms of their causes.

d) provide a trustworthy analysis.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 185-186

19. All of the following are reasons why the DSM-IV classification scheme falls short, EXCEPT that it

a) is merely descriptive.

b) is focused on symptoms and not on causes of problems.

c) is too focused on the social causes of mental disorders.

d) encourages the view that mental disorders are biologically caused diseases.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 176

20. Joe was a sociologist who studied mental illness in a poor urban neighborhood whose residents have a high rate of mental illness. He discovered that many persons moving into the neighborhood had clear symptoms of mental illness, and that normal residents, when they could, moved out to a better neighborhood. His study would support the __________ explanation of the relations between class and mental illness.

a) social causation

b) organic

c) social drift

d) biomedical

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 188

21. Compared with women, men are less likely to have

a) paranoia.

b) anxiety attacks.

c) antisocial personality.

d) drug abuse disorder.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 188

22. According to a recent studies, which group is the LEAST likely to become mentally ill?

a) teenagers

b) young adults

c) the middle-aged

d) the elderly

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 190

23. Which of the following is NOT a cause of increased depression among the young in recent decades?

a) a shortage of psychiatric services

b) lack of parental love and affection

c) increases in social stress

d) reduced social resources for dealing with social stress

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 190

24. Many sociologists and psychiatrists assume that the urban environment is likely to induce mental problems through

a) overwhelmingly dirty air and water.

b) too many rules, leading to overly restrictive lifestyles.

c) support for acting-out disorders.

d) an abundance of physical and social stresses.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 192

25. All of the following are ways that cultural forces can shape mental disorder, EXCEPT that

a) mental disorders can vary from one culture to another.

b) some cultures have values like individualism that can lead to mental disorder.

c) some cultures have created ways of life where no symptoms of mental disorders exist.

d) the symptoms of a given mental disorder may vary from one culture to another.

Difficulty: 3

Page Reference: 193-194

26. How many veterans with PTSD seek treatment?

a) fewer than half

b) all of them

c) fewer than one-fourth

d) none of them

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 193

27. In 1793, Phillippe Pinel developed a new way of treating the mentally ill that urged mental patients to have hope and confidence in themselves. He called his approach

a) social work.

b) psychotherapy.

c) moral treatment.

d) mental hygiene.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 195-196

28. According to a study, highly educated young people are __________ likely ________ uneducated old people to see the mentally ill as dangerous, dirty, unpredictable, and worthless.

a) as likely as

b) more likely than

c) much less likely than

d) extremely less likely than

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 195-196

29. One consequence of the stereotypes the public and others hold of the mentally ill is that people with ordinary emotional problems

a) are more likely to resort to drugs.

b) get early and effective treatment from professionals.

c) are stigmatized as moral lepers.

d) do not seek help because it is too expensive.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 195-196

30. In order for a person to undergo involuntary hospitalization for an indefinite period, the person must first be

a) convicted of a crime.

b) charged with a crime.

c) arrested for a suspected crime.

d) judged by the court-appointed psychiatrist as dangerous to themselves or others.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 196-197

31. According to the _______, the accused are not guilty if they are mentally ill, because their crime is considered the “product” of their mental illness.

a) Rule of Thumb

b) M’Naghten Rule

c) Durham Rule

d) Goffman Rule

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 198

32. Sociologist Erving Goffman has called the mental institution a

a) mental hospital.

b) total institution.

c) prison.

d) mental health center.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 199

33. Which of the following is NOT a condition associated with “hospitalitis,” which patients tend to develop in mental institutions?

a) a deep sense of hopelessness

b) a strong desire to kill some hospital staff

c) a pervasive loss of initiative

d) a deterioration of social skills

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 199-200

34. The unprofessional but effective method of treatment provided by friends and family within the context of a community mental health center is called

a) network therapy.

b) informal psychotherapy.

c) drug therapy.

d) family therapy.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 201

35. All of the following are types of evidence that support the medical model of mental illness, EXCEPT for

a) the study of identical and fraternal twins.

b) the effectiveness of antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs.

c) the advances in genetic theories of mental illness.

d) drugs’ ability to eliminate the cause of mental illness.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 202-203

36. Evidence shows that genetic vulnerability to mental illness cannot by itself lead to mental disorder, because it may have to be triggered by

a) a psychological disorder.

b) chemical imbalance.

c) a psychosocial force.

d) the misuse of an antipsychotic drug.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 203-204

37. Joe is a psychiatrist who works with mental patients and searches for the cause in some unresolved conflict in the patient’s childhood. He is probably using __________ theory.

a) behavioral

b) psychoanalytic

c) labeling

d) biomedical

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 203-204

38. According to social stress theory, if persons do not have _____________, stress might lead to serious mental disorders.

a) resolved personality conflicts

b) a strong biological and genetic make-up

c) coping resources such as social support and self-esteem

d) coping resources such as a strong personality structure and rigid self-discipline

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 204-205

39. Thomas Szasz has referred to mental illness as

a) a problem in living.

b) neurosis and psychosis.

c) a problem in role playing.

d) a type of supersanity.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 205-206

40. According to Thomas Scheff, most mental illness is

a) the cause of labeling.

b) a type of moral disorder.

c) residual rule breaking.

d) psychological in nature.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 206

41. The British psychiatrist R. D. Laing sees mental illness as

a) a label.

b) a form of supersanity.

c) a psychoanalytic phenomenon.

d) a biomedical problem.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 207-208

42. According to Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis, mental illnesses are the results of conflict between the following components:

a) id and the ego

b) ego and the superego

c) id and the superego

d) All of the above

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 203-204

43. John Hinkley was found not guilty due to insanity of attempting to assassinate this president.

a) Richard Nixon

b) Gerald Ford

c) Jimmy Carter

d) Ronald Reagan

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 198

True/False Questions

1. Virtually all of us can be said to be mentally ill at one time or another.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 180

2. Despite the advances made in the mental health fields, people still attach stigmas to mental disorders.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 180

3. Only a small percentage of the American population suffers from psychological disorders.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 180-181

4. Contrary to popular belief, mental disorders are common among people.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 180-181

5. Most of the mentally ill, whether they are hospitalized or not, are extremely disturbed.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 181

6. Depression and anxiety are still seen as stereotypically women’s diseases.

True

False

Difficulty: 3

Page Reference: 180-181

7. The definition of mental illness is relative and is contingent on the social norms of the society in question.

True

False

Difficulty: 3

Page Reference: 182-183

8. What is defined today by the American Psychiatric Association as a mental illness may not be defined in the same way in the future.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 182-183

9. Psychosis is typified by a loss of touch with reality and neurosis by an inability to face reality.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 184-185

10. Personality disorder is the general category for all sorts of mental disorders that cannot be diagnosed as either psychotic or neurotic.

True

False

Difficulty: 3

Page Reference: 185-186

11. What is deemed as a mental disorder in one society may not necessary be deemed as one in another.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 193

12. The most prominent feature of personality disorders is blatant disregard for society’s rules.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 185

13. One criticism of the DSM-IV classification system is that it defines too many ordinary problems as mental disorders.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 185-186

14. All of the studies of the relation of social class to mental illness conclusively show that poverty is a major cause.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 188

15. Some research has suggested that blacks are more likely to show paranoid disorders and Jews tend most to manifest depressive disorders.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 192

16. Teenagers more than others become overwhelmed with certain stressful events and lack social resources to deal with these problems.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 191

17. The symptoms and types of mental disorder are remarkably similar in cultures around the world.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 193-194

18. PTSD is not classified as a mental illness.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 192-193

19. At various times in the past, the mentally ill have been seen as gifted, possessing an evil spirit, and dangerous.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 193-194

20. Television and schooling have led to a dramatic reduction in the public’s negative attitude toward the mentally ill.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 181

21. The Durham Rule, which says that a criminal act could be regarded as the product of mental illness, has not won support of the psychiatric profession.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 198

22. The staff incompetence and patient dehumanization of many mental hospitals have led to poor care for the mentally ill.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page-Reference: 199-200

23. Network therapy in community health centers seems to do a better job in treating mental disorder than professional psychiatrists because it utilizes genuine compassion and empathy.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 201-202

24. Most mental disorders can be traced to genetic or biological defects in the individual.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 202-203

25. Social stress can cause mental illness if a person’s coping resources are inadequate.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 204-205

26. According to many advocates of the labeling perspective, mental illness is a myth.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 205-206

27. One criticism of labeling theory is that it ignores the fact that mentally disturbed behavior is real.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 206-207

28. Most mentally ill people appear normal.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 180-181

29. Contrary to popular belief, people who are mentally ill can be intelligent.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 180-181

Fill-In Questions

1. One __________ about mental illness is that the mentally ill are extremely weird.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 179

2. Persons who think and talk in unconventional, illogical, or ambiguous ways and express emotions inappropriately are termed __________.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 183

3. According to the social __________ explanation, the heavy concentration of mental disorders in lower-class neighborhoods results partly from the downward movement of mentally ill people into the neighborhoods.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 188

4. An unprofessional method of treatment provided by family and friends that has proven highly effective in bringing deinstitutionalized patients back to normal life is called __________ therapy.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 201

5. According to the __________ perspective, mental disorder is not a sickness but a category imposed on some disturbing behavior.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 205-206

6. Compulsive liars, con-men, and hustlers generally fall into the category of __________ disorders.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 182-183

7. According to Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis, mental illness is the result of the conflict between the id and the __________.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 203-204

8. The majority of people who suffer from mental disorders appear __________ .

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 180-181

Essay Questions

1. State and discuss one or two myths of mental disorders. That is, what are some beliefs about the mentally ill, and why are they myths?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 178-181

2. Discuss the effectiveness of the DSM-IV in diagnosing mental disorders. What are its strengths and weaknesses?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 186-187

3. Discuss the relationship between race, gender, or class, and rates of mental disorder. Why do some people in the category you chose experience higher or lower rates?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 188-192

4. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of Freud’s theory in explaining mental disorders.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 203-204

5. Discuss some of the ways that cultural factors shape the rates, types, and symptoms of mental disorder. That is, why do mental problems reveal different symptoms and rates in different places around the world?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 193-194

6. Discuss the increase of PTSD cases in the United States. What are the reasons behind this? Address the type of symptoms associated with PTSD and types of treatment available.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 192-193

7. State and defend your perspective on mental disorder. Is it biological, social stress, or a myth? Why?

Difficulty: 3

Page Reference: 202-209

8. Are mental disorders by-products of society, or are they pre-existing conditions? Why?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 188-193