Verified Test Bank Chapter 8 Cellular Respiration

Biology, 13e (Mader)

Chapter 8 Cellular Respiration

1) Which of these processes occurs in the cytosol?

A) the citric acid cycle

B) glycolysis

C) the electron transport system

D) the preparatory reaction

2) Complete oxidative breakdown of glucose results in ________ ATP molecules.

A) 2

B) 4

C) 32

D) 36

E) 39

3) The preparatory reaction converts

A) glucose into pyruvates.

B) pyruvates into glucose.

C) pyruvates into acetyl CoA and carbon dioxide.

D) pyruvates into acetyl CoA and water.

E) acetyl CoA into pyruvates and carbon dioxide.

4) The first reaction in the citric acid cycle binds which of the following molecules together?

A) carbon dioxide to a four-carbon (C4) molecule.

B) carbon dioxide to a five-carbon (C5) molecule.

C) acetyl CoA to a C5 molecule.

D) acetyl CoA to a C4 molecule.

5) Aerobic cellular respiration yields about ________ of the energy of glucose in ATP molecules.

A) 2%

B) 15%

C) 28%

D) 39%

6) The first phase of cellular respiration is

A) the citric acid cycle.

B) glycolysis.

C) the electron transport system.

D) fermentation.

E) the preparatory reaction.

7) Which process produces both NADH and FADH2?

A) the citric acid cycle

B) glycolysis

C) the electron transport system

D) fermentation

E) the preparatory reaction

8) Which process produces alcohol or lactate?

A) the citric acid cycle

B) glycolysis

C) the electron transport system

D) fermentation

E) the preparatory reaction

9) Which process reduces molecular oxygen to water?

A) the citric acid cycle

B) glycolysis

C) the electron transport system

D) fermentation

E) the preparatory reaction

10) During glycolysis ________ carbons will enter the pathway and ________ carbons will leave in the form of pyruvates.

A) 6; 6

B) 6; 3

C) 3; 6

D) 12; 6

E) oxaloacetate

11) The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis produce ________ ATP from each NADH and  ________ ATP from each FADH2 entering the system.

A) 4; 2

B) 3; 2

C) 2; 4

D) 2; 3

12) One turn of the citric acid cycle produces

A) 2 NADH, FADH2, and 2 ATP.

B) 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 ATP.

C) 1 NADH, 3 FADH2, and 2 ATP.

D) 3 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 1 ATP.

E) 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 2 ATP.

13) Acetyl CoA is produced from

A) pyruvate and CoA.

B) citric acid and CoA.

C) ATP and pyruvate.

D) CO2 and pyruvate.

E) citric acid and CO2.

14) The majority of the carbon dioxide we exhale is produced in

A) glycolysis.

B) the electron transport system.

C) lactate fermentation.

D) the citric acid cycle.

Decide whether the following statements concerning glycolysis are true or false.

15) Glycolysis occurs before fermentation.

16) Glycolysis occurs before the preparatory reaction and the citric acid cycle.

17) Glycolysis will yield a net of 2 ATP only during aerobic respiration.

18) Glycolysis produces 1 pyruvate and 3 NADH coenzymes.

19) Glycolysis is a catabolic process.

20) Degradative reactions

A) cause death.

B) can drive anabolic reactions.

C) tend to be endergonic.

D) include the buildup of products such as complex proteins and nucleic acids.

E) All of the choices are true.

21) For fatty acids to enter the citric acid cycle of aerobic respiration, the fatty acids must be

A) deaminated.

B) combined with glycerol.

C) combined with ATP.

D) converted to acetyl groups.

E) converted into five-carbon sugars.

22) Adult humans cannot synthesize ________ out of the ________ common amino acids.

A) eleven; twenty

B) nine; eleven

C) nine; twenty

D) any; twenty

E) half; all

23) The amino acids we cannot synthesize are called ________ because we ________.

A) unnecessary; therefore do not need them

B) limiting; must include them in our diet

C) anabolic; must use alternative amino acids

D) essential; must include them in our diet

E) superfluous; must survive without them

24) The membrane protein _____ will catalyze the reaction ADP + P   ATP as H+ flow down a gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix.

A) the sodium-potassium pump

B) ATP synthase

C) cholesterol

D) NADH-Q reductase

25) Identify "A."

A) grana

B) matrix

C) cristae

D) intermembrane space

E) outer membrane

26) Identify "B."

A) inner membrane

B) matrix

C) cristae

D) intermembrane space

E) outer membrane

27) Identify "C."

A) inner membrane

B) matrix

C) cristae

D) intermembrane space

E) outer membrane

28) Identify "D."

A) inner membrane

B) matrix

C) cristae

D) intermembrane space

E) outer membrane

29) Identify "E."

A) inner membrane

B) matrix

C) cristae

D) intermembrane space

E) outer membrane

30) What would happen to the process in this figure if oxygen was not available?

31) Why is it beneficial for pyruvate to be reduced via fermentation when oxygen is not available?

A) The organism can survive short spells of anaerobic conditions and maintain growth and reproduction.

B) The fermentation reaction regenerates NAD+, which is required for the first step in the energy-harvesting phase of glycolysis.

C) Fermentation can provide a rapid burst of ATP.

D) All of the choices are advantages.

E) None of the choices is an advantage.

32) Study the figure to match the substrates with the corresponding pathway.

A) A is glycerol; B is amino acids; C is glucose; D is fatty acids

B) A is glucose; B is fatty acids; C is glycerol; D is amino acids

C) A is amino acids; B is fatty acids; C is glucose; D is glycerol

D) A is amino acids; B is glucose; C is glycerol; D is fatty acids

33) Aerobic respiration involves oxidation - reduction and the movement of electrons from one molecule to another. Study the figure to identify A and B as either oxidation or reduction. 

34) Normally our body will run aerobic respiration in order to produce the required amount of ATP to sustain life. When we run out of oxygen we will shift over to anaerobic respiration. What is the value of anaerobic respiration to our system?

35) The most important contribution of the citric acid cycle to cellular respiration is

A) production of large quantities of ATP.

B) creation of proton gradients.

C) reduction of glucose and corresponding oxidation of carbon dioxide.

D) oxidation of metabolite molecules and the corresponding reduction of coenzymes.

E) release of CO2.

36) Compared with other components found in a plant cell such as the cell membrane, the chloroplasts or the nucleus, the mitochondria would be the only one that would

A) form an electrochemical gradient across a membrane.

B) use significant amounts of oxygen to produce ATP.

C) use a chemiosmotic complex to produce ATP.

D) produce ATP via glycolysis.

E) release protons (H+).

37) Some bacteria are strict aerobes and others are strict anaerobes. Some bacteria, however, are facultative anaerobes and can live with or without oxygen. If given the choice of using oxygen or not, which pathway should a facultative anaerobe perform?

A) Use oxygen since aerobic metabolism provides more ATP per molecule of carbohydrate than anaerobic metabolism.

B) Avoid using oxygen since anaerobic metabolism provides more ATP per molecule of carbohydrate than aerobic metabolism.

C) It doesn't matter; both processes will produce the same results.

38) The correct sequence for aerobic metabolic breakdown of glucose is

A) glycolysis—preparatory reaction—citric acid cycle—electron transport system.

B) preparatory reaction—glycolysis—electron transport—citric acid cycle.

C) electron transport system—citric acid cycle—preparatory reaction—glycolysis.

D) None of the choices are correct.

39) Some desert beetles can live without ever drinking liquid water. They survive on "metabolic water," which

A) is water obtained from eating other organisms.

B) is water absorbed directly from the atmosphere.

C) is water formed during the electron transport chain.

D) is water formed during glycolysis.

E) is water that was stored in the beetle's tissue during its larval stage.

40) Compare the metabolic oxidation of proteins to the metabolic oxidation of carbohydrates in terms of efficiency and specificity.

41) Alcohol fermentation is used to produce beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages. Archeological evidence suggests that people were producing wine as early as 6000 to 5000 BC. How might the first wine have been "discovered"? Why would wine have been a more convenient drink than the grape juice from which wine is made?

42) Why does your body store more energy as fat than as carbohydrate? 

43) Compare and contrast how ATP is formed in photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.

44) Relate the overall processes of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration in terms of substrates, end products, byproducts, and locations.

45) Compare the efficiency of aerobic respiration and fermentation in ATP energy production. If aerobic respiration converts 40% of the available energy of glucose into ATP, then what percentage does fermentation convert to ATP?

46) The final electron acceptor in glycolysis is oxygen and this step will occur within the matrix of the mitochondria.

47) Fermentation follows glycolysis in some cells when oxygen is not available.

48) Each molecule of NADH produced in the mitochondria provides enough energy to form two ATP molecules.

49) The breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration is a catabolic reaction.

50) Fermentation is the process that produces bubbles of carbon dioxide that makes bread dough rise.

51) Chloroplasts are capable of performing photosynthesis which is the most common anabolic process on the planet.

52) Which of the following coenzymes will accept two electrons and two hydrogen ions during the oxidation of glucose?

A) FAD

B) NAD+

C) FADH

D) NADH

53) During the preparatory reaction of aerobic respiration what happens to the carbon molecules?

A) The carbon molecules are broken down from a 3-carbon to a 2-carbon acetyl group and a 1-carbon CO2 is released.

B) The carbon molecules are broken down from a 4-carbon to a 3-carbon acetyl group and a 2-carbon CO2 is released.

C) The carbon molecules are converted from a 2-carbon to a 3-carbon acetyl group and a 1-carbon CO2 is consumed.

D) The carbon molecules are broken down from a 3-carbon to a 1-carbon acetyl group and two 1-carbon CO2 are released.

54) Which statement is correct about the input and output of carbon during glycolysis?

A) There is an input of 6 carbons (glucose) and an output of 6 carbons (2 pyruvates).

B) There is an input of 6 carbons (2 pyruvates) and an output of 6 carbons (1 glucose).

C) There is an input of 6 carbons (glucose) and an output of 6 carbons (6 CO2).

D) There is an input of 6 carbons (glucose) and an output of 3 carbons (pyruvate).

55) What is the correct summary for the energy investment vs. energy harvesting steps of glycolysis?

A) 2 ATP are invested and 4 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP.

B) 4 ATP are invested and 6 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP.

C) No ATP are invested and 2 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP.

D) 2 ATP are invested and no ATP are harvested to produce a net loss of 2 ATP.