Exam Questions Chapter 10 Meiosis And Sexual Reproduction

Biology, 13e (Mader)

Chapter 10 Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

1) Which of the following would NOT contribute to genetic variation?

A) crossing-over of homologous chromosomes

B) crossing-over of sister chromatids

C) the random alignment of the chromosomes during metaphase I

D) the combination of sperm and egg genes

2) Which of the following accurately describe anaphase I and anaphase II? Select all that apply.

A) At the end of anaphase I, each chromosome is composed of two chromatids and at the end of anaphase II, sister chromatids have separated.

B) Anaphase I occurs in a haploid cell while anaphase II occurs in a diploid cell.

C) Homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I and sister chromatids separate during anaphase II.

D) Anaphase I occurs in both males and females but anaphase II only occurs in females.

3) Which of the following is a true statement concerning meiosis in males and females?

A) Males provide more genes in sperm than females provide in eggs.

B) Crossing-over occurs more often in the formation of sperm than in eggs.

C) Spermatogenesis in males results in four functional sperm while oogenesis in females results in only one egg.

D) Sperm that contain a recombination of genes are usually more successful in fertilizing an egg.

4) The cell formed after fertilization of an egg by a sperm is called a(n)

A) gamete.

B) sperm cell.

C) zygote.

D) egg cell.

E) ovum.

5) If a sperm cell contains 8 chromosomes, it comes from an animal whose regular body cells have ________ chromosomes.

A) 4

B) 8

C) 12

D) 16

E) 24

6) Dogs have 39 chromosome pairs. Based on this information, determine which of the following statements are true. Select all that apply.

A) The haploid number for dogs is 39.

B) At the end of mitosis, a cell would have 78 chromosomes.

C) At the end of prophase I, a cell would have 78 chromosomes.

D) At the end of prophase II, a cell would have 39 chromosomes.

E) Meiosis does not occur in dogs.

7) In meiosis, the reduction from 2n to n is accomplished by sister chromatids splitting apart and migrating to opposite daughter cells.

8) If gametes had the same number of chromosomes as body cells, and an organism had 12 chromosomes in its body cells, how many chromosomes would it have after three generations? How does this illustrate the necessity of meiosis for gamete formation?

9) Another name for a tetrad is a(n)

A) homologue.

B) bivalent.

C) oocyte.

D) gamete.

E) polar body.

10) If a cell contains 12 chromosomes at the end of meiosis I, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells contain at the end of meiosis II?

A) 3

B) 6

C) 12

D) 24

11) During which stage of meiosis does crossing-over occur?

A) prophase I of meiosis I

B) anaphase I of meiosis II

C) telophase I of meiosis I

D) prophase II of meiosis II

E) anaphase II of meiosis I

12) Which of the following is not a characteristic of homologous chromosomes?

A) They are similar in size.

B) They carry the same alleles for all traits.

C) They carry genes for the same traits.

D) They are similar in shape and location of the centromere.

13) Why is crossing-over important?

A) It provides extra genetic material for the daughter cells.

B) It increases the likelihood that daughter cells contain different genetic material.

C) It produces the proteins that are associated with DNA in chromosomes.

D) It increases chromosome condensation.

E) It separates the homologous chromosomes.

14) Meiosis accomplishes all of the following EXCEPT

A) gamete production.

B) reduction of chromosome number (from 2n to n).

C) providing genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms.

D) growth and repair.

15) Sources of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms include(s) which of the following?

A) crossing-over in prophase I of meiosis

B) independent assortment in metaphase I of meiosis

C) fertilization

D) All of the choices are sources of genetic variation.

E) None of the choices are sources of genetic variation.

16) To what does the term chiasma refer?

A) the process of fertilization

B) structures that hold the chromosomes in alignment on the metaphase plate

C) the process of crossing-over

D) a structure that holds together homologues during crossing-over

E) the period between meiosis I and meiosis II

17) During which stage of meiosis are the bivalents arranged along the equator of the spindle?

A) prophase I

B) metaphase II

C) anaphase II

D) prophase II

E) metaphase I

18) At which stage of meiosis is each chromosome composed of a single chromatid?

A) prophase I

B) metaphase II

C) telophase II

D) prophase II

E) telophase I

19) During which stage of meiosis do the homologous chromosomes separate?

A) prophase I

B) anaphase I

C) telophase I

D) prophase II

E) anaphase II

20) Which statement is NOT true about homologous chromosomes in meiosis I?

A) Homologous chromosomes form tetrads.

B) Homologous chromosomes separate and go to different daughter cells.

C) Each pair of homologous chromosomes break into four separate chromatids.

D) Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material between nonsister chromatids.

E) Homologous chromosomes interact with the spindle as if they were one chromosome.

21) Interkinesis is different from interphase in which way?

A) Interkinesis occurs after a cell finishes a nuclear division.

B) Interkinesis is the stage that precedes a prophase stage.

C) Interphase involves DNA replication and interkinesis does not.

D) Interkinesis can be variable in length.

22) Which does NOT occur in meiosis?

A) two daughter cells at completion

B) four daughter cells at completion

C) two nuclear divisions

D) formation of bivalents

23) Meiosis occurs during all of the following EXCEPT

A) gametogenesis.

B) oogenesis.

C) spermatogenesis.

D) A, B, and C all involve meiosis.

E) Neither A, B, or C. All of the above involve mitosis.

24) The polar body is

A) another name for an egg cell.

B) a precursor cell that becomes an egg cell.

C) a nonfunctional cell formed at the same time as an egg cell.

D) the cell produced when fertilization occurs.

25) What is the function of polar bodies?

A) They nurse the egg as it leaves the follicle.

B) They orient the sperm toward the egg.

C) They allow a reduction in chromosomes while preserving most of the cytoplasm for one egg.

D) They orient the egg for penetration by the sperm.

26) Which of the following is/are true about sexual reproduction?

A) Gametes are the only haploid phase of the human life cycle.

B) The production of gametes is known as gametogenesis.

C) A fertilized egg is known as a zygote.

D) All of the choices are true.

E) None of the choices are true.

27) Species X reproduces asexually by fission and species Y reproduces sexually. Consider that all other relevant characteristics are similar between these species. When the environment changes, then

A) species X and Y will have an equal chance of surviving.

B) species Y should have a better chance of surviving than species X.

C) species X should have a better chance of surviving than species Y.

D) neither species should have an advantage in surviving since organisms often become extinct when the environment changes.

28) There is a species of desert lizard that is entirely female. It is nevertheless necessary for two females to court and for one to assume the posture of a male to stimulate the female to produce eggs. No fertilization can occur, and the eggs develop into female lizards. What is the probable evolutionary mechanism for this occurring?

A) The species is probably going extinct.

B) The desert is relatively uniform and there is little advantage to maintaining variation, but the animal has not been able to completely evolve away from its heritage of sexual reproduction.

C) The mating behavior probably evolved accidentally.

D) This is probably an asexual organism attempting to mimic sexual reproduction.

29) In human females, when is meiosis II completed?

A) at ovulation

B) immediately after the sperm penetrates the secondary oocyte

C) immediately after the sperm penetrates the primary oocyte

D) after the zygote has formed

30) Where in the human male does spermatogenesis occur?

A) ovaries

B) prostate gland

C) epididymus

D) testes

E) penis

31) Which of the following is NOT true about daughter cells of mitosis or meiosis?

A) In meiosis, daughter cells are haploid.

B) In meiosis, there are four daughter cells.

C) In mitosis, there are two daughter cells.

D) In mitosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical.

E) In meiosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical.

32) A primary spermatocyte has 64 chromosomes. After meiosis I, each secondary spermatocyte would have 32 chromosomes. After meiosis II, each spermatid would have 16 chromosomes.

33) Spindle formation, centrosome migration, the fragmentation of the nuclear envelope, and the disappearance of the nucleolus are characteristic of prophase I of meiosis but not prophase of mitosis. 

34) Study the diagram to answer the following questions.

A. What process is occurring in this diagram?

B. What structures, represented by (ABCD) and (abcd), are participating in this process?

C. How has this changed the structures?

35) All of the following are true concerning Down syndrome EXCEPT

A) it is caused by autosomal trisomy 21.

B) in 23% of cases, the sperm contributes the extra chromosome.

C) it is the most common trisomy in humans.

D) chances of a woman having a child with Down syndrome decrease as she gets older.

36) Study the diagram below. This is one cell with three homologous pairs of chromosomes pictured in eight different patterns.

A. What is this diagram illustrating?

B. How many daughter nuclei will result from these cells?

C. How many different combinations of chromosomes are there?

Characterize the following statements about changes in chromosome number and structure as True or False.

37) The correct number of chromosomes in a species is known as aneuploidy.

38) A change in the chromosome number resulting from nondisjunction is called euploidy.

39) Monosomy occurs when an individual has only one of a particular type of chromosome.

40) Primary nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II when the sister chromatids fail to separate and both daughter chromosomes go in the same gamete.

41) Sex chromosome aneuploids are better tolerated and have a better chance of producing survivors.

42) Study the figure to answer the following questions.

A. Is this cell going through mitosis or meiosis?

B. Explain your answer.

C. Identify the stage.

43) Some plants are tetraploid (4n). How might such a plant arise?

44) The following picture depicts which of the following changes in chromosome structure?

A) deletion

B) duplication

C) translocation

D) aneuploidy

45) The following picture depicts which of the following changes in chromosome structure?

A) deletion

B) duplication

C) translocation

D) aneuploidy

46) Study the figure depicting the process of spermatogenesis. Name the labeled cells and tell whether they are haploid or diploid. In what part of meiosis is the number of chromosomes reduced by half?

47) Identify the chromosomal abnormalities as well as the physical features present in a person suffering from Turner syndrome.

48) Sexual reproduction brings about genetic variation within a species. How does sexual reproduction contribute to variation? Why is genetic variation so important to the survival of a species? Support your answer with an example.

49) Oogenesis always involves an equal division of cell contents in the formation of an egg and polar bodies.

50) A lattice holds the members of a bivalent together in such a way that the RNA of the nonsister chromatids is aligned.

51) It is estimated that an average of two or three crossovers occur per human chromosome.

52) Aneuploidy is a change in the number of chromosomes resulting from nondisjunction during meiosis.

53) Only one of the four daughter cells becomes a functional gamete in spermatogenesis.

54) Jacobs syndrome, XYY, results from nondisjunction during spermatogenesis.

55) Identify which event will occur during prophase I of meiosis but does not occur during prophase of mitosis.

A) Bivalents will form.

B) Nuclear envelope will dissolve.

C) Spindles form as centrosomes migrate away from each other.

D) Chromatin will condense into chromosomes.

56) During ________, the homologous chromosome pairs independently align themselves at the equator of the cell.

A) independent assortment

B) anaphase I

C) crossing-over

D) mitosis

57) If the diploid number of chromosomes for an organism is 52, what will the haploid number of chromosomes be?

A) 26

B) 48

C) 112

D) 24

58) Which of the following statements correctly compares the events of meiosis and mitosis?

A) During metaphase I of meiosis, the bivalents are present at the metaphase plate; during metaphase of mitosis, the duplicated chromosomes are at the metaphase plate.

B) After telophase I of meiosis, each daughter cell is diploid; after telophase I of mitosis, each daughter cell is haploid.

C) During prophase II of meiosis, the homologous chromosomes cross-over; there is no crossing-over during prophase of mitosis.

D) During anaphase I of meiosis, the homologues pairs separate; during anaphase of mitosis, the homologous pairs stay together.

59) During which phase of mitosis and meiosis will the state of the chromosome be the same?

A) anaphase II and anaphase

B) prophase II and prophase

C) metaphase I and metaphase

D) telophase I and telophase

60) Which of the following statements is true about the life cycle of animals?

A) The gametes are the haploid phase of the animals' life cycle.

B) The gametes are the diploid phase of the life cycle.

C) The products of the haploid phase of the life cycle are larger than those of the diploid phase.

D) Meiosis is not a necessary component of the animal life cycle.

61) Which statement applies only to plants?

A) The haploid phase can be larger than the diploid phase.

B) They use sexual reproduction to produce new offspring.

C) They use meiosis in order to produce the gametes.

D) They will have a haploid and diploid phase of the life cycle.