Theories And Models Test Bank Docx Chapter 4

Chapter 4 Theories and Models

Fill in the Blank

A __________ is a set of related concepts that present a systematic view of events, issues, and situations in order to explain them or make predictions. (pg 51)

A __________ generally represents interactions between concepts in order to show patterns. (pg 51)

____________ ____________ and ___________ ______________ ____________ recognize that behavior change occurs when individuals have groups of individuals that they may rely upon. (pg 55)

The two basic communication channels utilized in the Diffusion of Innovations theory are _____________ and ______________. (pg 57)

Strategic planning provides a roadmap for how a project is conducted from ______________ to _____________. (pg 60)

______________ ______________ illustrate schedules, tasks and activities over a specific time period of a project. (pg 61)

Multiple Choice

Theories are used for: (pg 51)

1. Testing hypotheses
2. Investigating phenomenon
3. Validating existing knowledge
4. All of the above

Which construct of the social support theory addresses actual tangible or physical support? (pg 56)

1. Emotional Support
2. Educational Support
3. Appraisal Support
4. Instrumental Support

Questioning when a change or innovation is perceived as better than the current product or service is looking at the products: (pg 57)

1. Relative Advantage
2. Compatibility
3. Flexibility
4. Observability

Questioning whether it is possible for an adopter to try out the change or product prior to adopting the change is assessing the products: (pg 57)

1. Complexity
2. Compatibility
3. Flexibility
4. Relative Advantage

RE-AIM stands for (pg 55)

1. REACH, EVALUATION, ACCEPTANCE, INNOVATION, MAINTENANCE
2. REACH, EFFICACY, ADOPTION, IMPLEMENTATION, MAINTENANCE
3. REVEAL, EDUCATE, APPLY, IMPLEMENT, MEASURE
4. REACH, EFFICACY, APPLICATION, IMPLEMENTATION, MAINTENANCE

The different stages in the Stages of Change theory are: (pg 59)

1. Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination
2. Not ready, Thinking about it, Ready to act on it, get it done, give up altogether
3. Emotional support, appraisal support, instrumental support, informational support
4. None of the above

What level of the Ecological Model would a factor such as limited availability of affordable housing fall under? Choose the best option. (pg. 53)

1. Intrapersonal
2. Organizational
3. Community
4. Policy

What level of the Ecological Model would a factor such as poor self-esteem fall under? Choose the best option (pg. 52)

1. Intrapersonal
2. Interpersonal
3. Organizational
4. Community

When an individual’s behavior is reinforced by seeing someone else being rewarded for performing this behavior it is termed: (pg 88)

1. Vicarious reinforcement
2. Direct reinforcement
3. Self-management reinforcement
4. Experimental reinforcement

True or False

T/F A person who is falls within the “late majority” category of adoption will always fall in this category, no matter the product or service. (pg 57)

T/F Self-Efficacy is an individual’s desire to perform a suggested action successfully. (pg 60)

T/F Once a person progresses through each of the stages of change, they will never revert back to a prior stage again. (pg 58)

T/F A strategic plan should be thought of as a process rather than a final product. (pg 58)

T/F The Ecological model focuses attention on the interaction between behavioral patterns and the social environment. (pg. 52)

The Diffusion of Innovation theory has several different stages of adoption , match each stage with the corresponding definition: (pg 56-57)

Innovators Individuals that seek out the latest technology, product or activity.

Early Adopters Individuals that like innovation, but are not the first in line at the store.

Early Majority Individuals that wait until they receive some external motivation before getting involved in the change.

Late Majority Individuals that are not willing to make any change until most people have made the change; they have a ‘wait and see’ attitude towards change.

Laggards Individuals that are last to buy into the change in spite of constant exposure or that have limited access to the typical communication networks.

The PRECEDE-PROCEED Model for community based program planning, implementation, and evaluation has several phases. Match the phase with the corresponding activities that occur within that phase . (pg. 53- 55)

Phase 1 Collect information about the state of the community. For example, hospital records, community surveys, and focus groups.

Phase 2 Investigate data around issues that may hinder the attainment of the program goal. For example, behavioral, environmental, and lifestyle behaviors.

Phase 3 Identify knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values and other internal and external resources that influence adopting and maintaining positive or negative health behaviors.

Phase 4 Understand administrative and financial policies that will need to be influenced in order to see that programs are effectively implemented.

Phase 5 Set up and implement the intervention

Phase 6 Conduct a process evaluation to see if the intervention is accomplishing what it was planned to do.

Phase 7 Conduct an impact evaluation. Is the program impacting the target population?

Phase 8 Conduct an outcome evaluation to see the extent to which the program led to the planned health and wellness outcomes.