Test Questions & Answers - Ethics Perrin Ch.2

Chapter 2 - Ethics

Multiple Choice

During the Tuskegee study, what issues were of ethical concern among the men participating in the study? (pg 18)

1. Penicillin was made available to treat syphilis, but the men never received treatment.
2. The study only recruited men with syphilis, those without were ineligible to participate.
3. Men received free meals and exams, but were not allowed to leave the study.
4. Both A & C are correct

As illustrated through the Tuskegee study, what can happen as a result of ethical issues in research? (pg 18)

1. Confidence in research findings
2. Mistrust of researchers
3. Acceptance of public health efforts
4. Respect of the community

Which of the following is considered one of the basic ethical principles? (pg 18)

1. freedom
2. resiliency
3. autonomy
4. support

The most common training for patient and data confidentiality is the HIPAA, this stands for: (pg 26)

1. Health Inequality Performance Affordability Act
2. Human Interaction Protection and Accountability Act
3. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
4. Health Interaction Performance and Acceptance Act

Which of the following is necessary for the IRB committee to approve research? (pg 20)

1. Informed consent is provided for only those over 18
2. Shows balance with potential benefits and risks
3. Participant risks outweigh the benefits of the study
4. Subject selection is biased to yield favorable results

Which of the following determined the ethical rule that during research, risk to an individual may not exceed its humanitarian benefits? (pg. 17)

1. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
2. Human Protections Code
3. Accountability and Public Service Act
4. Nuremburg Code

Providing the principle investigator’s name and how to contact them with any questions, is an example of what facet of informed consent? (pg. 21)

1. Full disclosure
2. Comprehension
3. Adequate compensation
4. Voluntary choice

According to the American Evaluation Association’s Guiding Principles, what topic presents accurate and knowledgeable information to stakeholders? (pg. 23)

1. Systematic Inquiry
2. Competence
3. Integrity and Honesty
4. Respect for People
   

True or False

T/F In research, autonomy should be reassessed to ensure participants still understand the risks and benefits associated with the research being undertaken. (pg 18)

T/F So long as the participant has given their consent, it is okay to continue the research even if the participant is being harmed. (pg 23)

T/F A researcher will only ever need to obtain IRB approval from one committee. (pg 20)

T/F There are circumstance’s where incomplete disclosure is acceptable, so long as undisclosed risks are no more than minimal, and debriefing sessions are planned. (pg 21)

T/F Research may not be conducted if there is prior knowledge that suggests that what participants undergo may lead to death or disability.

T/F A researcher only ever has to receive IRB approval the institution that they work at. (pg. 20)

Matching

Match each of the following responses to their correct definition: (pgs. 18 and 19)

Autonomy Each individual is treated with respect, given adequate information in order to make an informed decision. Those with diminished decision-making capacity deserve extra protection.

Beneficence Protecting individuals from harm by maximizing possible benefits and minimizing possible risks or harm

Justice Fair distribution of burden and benefits so that every person with the same condition has an equal chance of benefitting from the treatment

Non-Maleficence Refraining from causing harm or acting with ill intent toward a person

Paternalism A relationship of uneven power between a health care provider and patient or a researcher and participant

Utilitarianism The decision, behavior, or action that achieves the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Fill in the Blank

An ____________ ________________ ____________ is a committee that serves to formally approve, monitor, and review every type of biomedical and behavioral research that involves human subjects. (pg 20)

______________ is obtained during normal business hours in a quiet location. (pg 21)

A situation when the researcher is unaware of the risk-benefit ration, and therefore is unable to disclose this information in informed consent, is referred to as _____________. (pg 23)

This Office of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services provides clarification, guidance, and advice regarding research and the protection of individual’s rights. ___________________ (pg. 17)