The science of psychology Ch.2 Exam Prep Okami

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 1

1) Psychology is defined as

a. the scientific study of mind and behaviour

b. the scientific study of people

c. the scientific study of biology

d. the scientific study of the brain

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 2

2) Which of the following best describes the textbook definition of psychology?

a. The scientific study of the brain

b. The diagnosing of mental illnesses

c. The scientific study of the mind and behaviour

d. The scientific study of the nervous system

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 3

3) Suppose you were conducting a study to examine whether infants can identify their mothers’ voices after birth. What discipline of science would be necessary to answer that question?

a. Psychological science

b. Philosophical inquiry

c. Biological science

d. Philosophy of mind

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 4

4) Psychology is sometimes confused with this medical specialty

a. physical therapy

b. psychiatry

c. endocrinology

d. neurology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 5

5) Which of the following describes the differences between a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist?

a. Clinical psychologists are only interested in pharmacological solutions to mental illness

b. Clinical psychologists usually hold medical degrees

c. Psychiatrics cannot prescribe medication that affects psychological states

d. Psychiatrists can prescribe medications that affect psychological states

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 6

6) A sports and exercise psychologist is one example of a(n)

a. applied psychologist

b. medical doctor

c. academic psychologist

d. neurologist

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 7

7) This field of psychological study examines the way human beings change over the lifespan

a. clinical psychology

b. cognitive psychology

c. evolutionary psychology

d. developmental psychology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 8

8) Among other things, this field of psychological study examines, memory, perception and thinking.

a. cognitive psychology

b. developmental psychology

c. behavioural psychology

d. evolutionary psychology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 9

9) Pseudoscience is

a. Non-science performed for non-scientific goals

b. A collection of approaches in psychology sharing the assumption that knowledge is context specific

c. The study of the natural world

d. The scientific study of all aspects of the mind, brain and behaviour

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 10

10) Psychologists guided by this perspective view the mind as a complex information-processing device

a. cognitive

b. psychodynamic

c. humanistic

d. positive

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 11

11) Which of the following best describes the view of psychologists taking the evolutionary perspective?

a. Humans evolved brains to defeat less intelligent organisms

b. Behaviour is determined by positive external forces

c. The mind and the brain evolved in specific ways to help our ancestors solve problems

d. Humans evolved to use more aggressive means to achieve status

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 12

12) The main focus of positive psychology is

a. human strengths

b. human weakness

c. positive reinforcement

d. lifespan development

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 13

13) When a psychologist discusses the effect of unconscious conflicts and motivation on behaviour, he or she is speaking from this perspective

a. sociocultural

b. evolutionary

c. psychodynamic

d. behavioural

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 14

14) Psychologists that emphasise how society and culture shape human psychology take what perspective?

a. cognitive

b. Sociocultural

c. humanistic

d. psychodynamic

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 15

15) The earliest pre-scientific system of psychology can be traced back to

a. The Buddha

b. Archimedes

c. Aristotle

d. Plato

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 16

16) Which of the following best describes the rationalist view of the mind?

a. knowledge can only be obtained through pure observation

b. empirical research is the only way to knowledge

c. the mind is separate from the body and continues to exist without it

d. mental abilities are learned not inherited

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 17

17) Rene Descartes asserted that the mind and body are separate entities made of different materials, a notion known as

a. dualism

b. qualism

c. Rationalism

d. oneism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 18

18) According to the British Empiricists, knowledge and truth were only obtainable through

a. rationality

b. microscopic investigation

c. evolution

d. experience

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 19

19) Rather than rely on pure logic or sensory experience as philosophers do, scientists base their conclusions on multiple pieces of observation known as

a. data

b. datum

c. experience

d. knowledge

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 20

20) In Germany, this man opened the first scientific psychology lab

a. Titchner

b. James

c. Wundt

d. Hall

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 21

21) The first scientific methodology to be used in psychology was

a. introspection

b. retrospection

c. priming

d. stereospection

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 22

22) Functionalism was a psychological perspective that

a. focused on purposes and functions of the mind as shaped throughout human history

b. focussed on the contents of consciousness

c. assessed the function of IQ for the education system

d. assessed the function of psychologists in society

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 23

23) Psychoanalysis is a perspective of psychology most associated with

a. Erich Fromm

b. Sigmund Freud

c. Carl Jung

d. William James

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 24

24) Which of the following is the best description of the beliefs of psychoanalysts?

a. Humans adapt their behaviour to their environment

b. Humans use reason and logic to make decisions

c. Humans are driven by unconscious conflicts and desires

d. Humans are motivated by the desire to achieve greatness

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 25

25) What did behaviourists such as John Watson believe about psychological science?

a. Internal mental states cannot be scientifically observed

b. Cognitive processes should take the centre stage in psychological science

c. Behaviour is driven by unconscious conflict

d. Consciousness is the most objective concept in psychology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 26

26) A behaviourist would say that learning refers to

a. changes in thoughts as others demonstrate behaviour

b. a score on a final exam

c. performance on an intelligence test

d. changes in behaviour as the result of environmental influence or experience

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 27

27) Because Dr. Patel believes that behaviour is mainly determined by free will, she is likely a

a. psychoanalyst

b. behaviourist psychologist

c. humanistic psychologist

d. behaviour analyst

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 28

28) Science is driven by objective ways of knowing, also called

a. retroactive methods

b. empirical methods

c. intuitive methods

d. rational methods

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 29

29) The systematic application of observation and logic to questions in the natural world is a good definition of

a. craft

b. science

c. pseudoscience

d. psychometry

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 30

30) Which of the following best describes the scientific method?

a. A collection of rules for ethical science practice

b. A non-empirical method popularised by physiologists

c. A succession of five steps towards acquiring empirical knowledge

d. A code of conduct for experimenters when dealing with humans

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 31

31) Which of the following is NOT one of the four goals of science?

a. prediction

b. description

c. explanation

d. transformation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 32

32) Scientists take the point of view that claims must be backed by compelling evidence before they can be accepted as fact. Thus, scientists are

a. sceptics

b. believers

c. conformers

d. cynics

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 33

33) A specific, precise, and testable prediction about the occurrence of an event is known as a

a. theory

b. hypothesis

c. judgement

d. premonition

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 34

34) What is the best definition of a scientific theory?

a. A specific, precise, and testable prediction about the occurrence of an event

b. An interconnected set of ideas and statements that explain observed facts

c. A loose collection of inferred beliefs

d. A quantitative method for analysing data

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 35

35) Which of the following best describes the relationship between a hypothesis and a theory?

a. A theory is always correct even if a hypothesis is proven false

b. Theories never predict the most extreme hypotheses

c. The testing of a hypothesis is always in the context of a theory

d. A hypothesis is always correct when it proves a theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 36

36) Which of the following is NOT a valid distinction between science and pseudoscience?

a. Science relies purely on anecdotal evidence

b. Science is self-correcting

c. Pseudoscientific claims are untestable

d. Pseudoscience revers the burden of proof to their critics

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 37

37) Which of the following is a core component of Humanistic psychology

a. Humanistic psychology emphasises a positive view of human nature

b. Humanistic psychology emphasises the need to reduce human behaviour to biological processes

c. Humanistic psychology emphasises uses reductionism to understand human behaviour

d. Humanistic psychology emphasises is an example of social constructionism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 38

38) Psychologists who believe the key to understanding human behaviour lie in understanding the nervous system (particularly the brain) take the

a. Evolutionary perspective

b. Biological perspective

c. Behavioural perspective

d. Cognitive perspective

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 39

39) Which of the following is a key criticism of Pseudoscience?

a. it is popular in mass media

b. it is common sense

c. it lacks empirical evidence

d. it is indistinguishable from applied psychology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 40

40) Which of the following is concerned with the multidisciplinary study of the nervous system and the tools that measure it?

a. Psychology

b. Psychoanalysis

c. Sociology

d. Neuroscience

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 41

41) Social constructionism refers to

a. A non-science performed for non-scientific goals, but with the surface appearance of science

b. The study of psychological change and development from childhood to older adulthood

c. A collection of approaches which share the assumption that knowledge is highly context specific and created through discourse

d. The study of individual differences between people

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 42

42) The field of psychological study that is concerned with working in the criminal justice system is

a. Health psychology

b. Psychiatry

c. Forensic psychology

d. Pseudo-psychology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 43

43) Among other things, the field of psychological study that involves working with patients suffering from neurological problems (e.g., stroke) is

a. Neuropsychology

b. Forensic Psychology

c. Educational psychology

d. Counselling psychology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 44

44) Humanistic psychology emerged as a reaction against

a. Psychoanalysis

b. Behaviourism

c. Psychiatry

d. Evolution

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 45

45) The cognitive revolution refers to the paradigm shift from

a. Behaviourism to cognitive psychology

b. Psychodynamic to cognitive psychology

c. Cognitive psychology to behaviourism

d. Pseudoscience to behaviourism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 46

46) The last decade has seen a rise in research into

a. The brain and its relationship to psychological functioning

b. The use of animal models to understand human behaviour

c. Using cognitive models to understand evolution

d. The use of classical and operant conditioning studies

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 47

47) Academic psychology involves

a. Teaching of psychology

b. Conducting psychological research

c. Sharing research through conferences and journals

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 48

48) Different theories explaining the same phenomenon

a. Cannot co-exist

b. Raise questions about the scientific value of psychology

c. Can co-exist if they operate at different levels of explanation

d. Are often viewed as contradictory to one another

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 49

49) Impeccable trivia refers to

a. Pseudoscience

b. The study of the bigger picture of psychology

c. Phenomena that are amendable to very scientific study but which are considered largely irrelevant to understanding what makes us tick

d. Unscientific conclusions drawn from psychology in the media

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 1, Chapter 2, Question 50

50) There are cultural differences in psychology of different countries, such that

a. American psychology tends to be more theoretical than European Psychology

b. American psychology tends to be more experimental than European psychology

c. European psychology is considered less scientific

d. European psychology is concerned with only the humanistic perspective

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 51

1) Psychology is just another word for the practice of psychiatry

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2- Question 52

52) Though psychology did not become a science until much later, many ancient thinkers pondered psychological questions

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 53

53) Rene Descartes believed in dualism, a notion that the mind and body were made of different materials

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 54

54) Functionalists like William James believed that they key to studying the mind was to study its contents

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 55

55) Sigmund Freud created psychoanalysis to study only the observable behaviour of his patients

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 56

56) Behaviourists like Watson and Skinner believed that only behaviour, and not thoughts and feelings, could be scientifically studied.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 57

57) Intuition is the most objective way to analyse scientific phenomenon.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2- Question 58

58) Scepticism is detrimental to scientific progress because it does not allow intuitive ideas becoming facts.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 59

59) Pseudoscience does not rely on objective testing of claims but rather on testimonials, anecdotes, and bold statements for or against a claim.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 60

60) Critical thinking is important to science because the critical thinker weighs all of the evidence for and against an explanation before deciding which is true.

a. True

b. False

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 61

61) The philosophical movement founded by Rene Descartes which held that beliefs should be formed through the use of reason, rather than personal experience is known as _.

a. Rationalism

b. Type second 'blank' here if more than one possible answer e.g. two different spellings.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 62

62) Sigmund Freud is strongly associated with _, a perspective that led to the first “talking” therapy for mental illness.

a. psychoanalysis

b. Type second 'blank' here if more than one possible answer e.g. two different spellings.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 63

63) According to the _ perspective, free will and intrinsic worth are important influences on human behaviour.

a. humanistic

b. Type second 'blank' here if more than one possible answer e.g. two different spellings.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 64

64) Scientists use a _ to test a specific prediction, and use a _ to explain a set of observed facts.

a. hypothesis; theory

b. Type second 'blank' here if more than one possible answer e.g. two different spellings.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 65

65) _ _ emerged as a major force in psychology in the 1950s.

a. Cognitive psychology

b. Type second 'blank' here if more than one possible answer e.g. two different spellings.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 66

66) American psychology tends to be particularly – and mainland European psychology is typically more _

a. Experimental ; theoretical

b. Type second 'blank' here if more than one possible answer e.g. two different spellings.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 67

67) _ psychology involves using psychological theory, research and techniques in a range of professional settings.

a. Applied

b. Type second 'blank' here if more than one possible answer e.g. two different spellings.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 68

68) Type question here using underscores for your 'blank'

a. Type 'blank' here

b. Type second 'blank' here if more than one possible answer e.g. two different spellings.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 69

69) _ has emerged as both a separate discipline and an approach to study psychology. It provides insights into the relationship between the _, mind and behaviour.

a. Neuroscience ; brain

b. Type second 'blank' here if more than one possible answer e.g. two different spellings.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 - Question 70

70) Different _ explaining the same phenomenon can coexist if they operate at different levels of _

a. Theories; explanation

b. Type second 'blank' here if more than one possible answer e.g. two different spellings.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 2, Question 71

71) Is Psychology a science? In your answer discuss to what extent psychology conforms to the principles of science.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 2, Question 72

72) Describe the six core areas of academic psychology and their core focus.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 2, Question 73

73) Discuss to what extent psychoanalytic ideas are still important in some areas of applied psychology.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 2, Question 74

74) Different theories explaining the same phenomenon can coexist if they operate at different levels of explanation. Explain what is meant by operating at different levels of explanation.