Test Questions & Answers Senses Mader Ch.18

Inquiry Into Life, 16e, Mader

Chapter 18 Senses

1) The two major types of sensory receptors, based on the origin of stimuli, are

A) chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors.

B) photoreceptors and thermoreceptors.

C) chemoreceptors and nonchemoreceptors.

D) central nervous system and peripheral nervous system receptors.

E) exteroceptors and interoceptors.

2) Receptors that are directly involved in maintaining homeostasis are primarily

A) chemoreceptors.

B) photoreceptors.

C) interoceptors.

D) proprioceptors.

E) exteroceptors.

3) Interoceptors are regulated by a positive feedback mechanism.

4) The monitoring of blood oxygen levels within the body is done by what type of receptor?

A) thermoreceptor

B) chemoreceptor

C) mechanoreceptor

D) photoreceptor

E) proprioceptor

5) When a stimulus is continuous but we no longer respond to it, the process is called

A) integration.

B) proprioception.

C) somatic sensing.

D) countersensation.

E) sensory adaptation.

6) Senses whose receptors are associated with the skin, muscles, joints, and viscera are called internal senses.

7) The receptors that detect position and movement of limbs are called

A) mechanoreceptors.

B) chemoreceptors.

C) proprioceptors.

D) photoreceptors.

E) nociceptors.

8) Which taste receptors are capable of detecting certain amino acids, particularly glutamate?

A) salty

B) umami

C) sour

D) sweet

E) bitter

9) The tongue contains approximately 10,000 taste buds.

10) Taste cells can detect at three primary types of taste: salty, sour, and bitter.

11) Approximately 80–90% of what we perceive as "taste" is actually due to a sense of smell.

12) On the retina there is a specialized region in which vision for color is most acute. This area is called the

A) tectorial membrane.

B) otolith.

C) fovea centralis.

D) blind spot.

E) ampulla.

13) The structure that regulates the size of the opening for light in the eye is the

A) pupil.

B) retina.

C) iris.

D) ciliary muscle.

E) lens.

14) The sclera is continuous with the

A) cornea.

B) iris.

C) retina.

D) choroid coat.

E) fovea centralis.

15) Which type(s) of receptor is(are) found in the retina?

A) rods and cones

B) organ of Corti

C) muscle spindles

D) olfactory cells

E) hair cells in ampullae

16) Color vision depends on three types of cones that contain pigments known as

A) B, G, and R.

B) R, G, and O.

C) R, Y, and B.

D) R, W, and B.

E) G, B, and Y.

17) Where are the photoreceptors of the eye located?

A) retina

B) optic nerve

C) choroid layer

D) sclera

E) organ of Corti

18) The sense of rotational equilibrium is accomplished by hair cells found in the

A) cochlear duct.

B) outer ear.

C) middle ear.

D) ampullae.

E) cochlea (organ of Corti).

19) Vertigo would most likely result from

A) continuous stimulation of the tympanic membrane.

B) bipolar cells stimulating the retina.

C) the formation of particles in the semicircular canals.

D) increased vibrations in the basilar membrane.

E) lack of red or green cones.

20) If light rays are not focused evenly on the retina, a fuzzy image is formed. This condition is called

A) nearsightedness.

B) farsightedness.

C) astigmatism.

D) cataracts.

E) conduction deafness.

21) In nearsightedness, light rays are brought into focus

A) in front of the retina.

B) in back of the retina.

C) on the retina.

D) on the hair cells of the ampulla.

E) unevenly across the retina.

22) As people age, they tend to lose their sense of smell and their hearing.

23) The doctor tells you that you have anosmia. What is your problem?

A) no sense of smell

B) an inability to fall asleep

C) an inability to stay asleep

D) vertigo

E) deafness

24) The most frequent causes of blindness in adults are retinal disorders.

25) Which cutaneous receptors are concentrated in the fingertips and palms?

A) Meissner corpuscles

B) Pacinian corpuscles

C) Ruffini endings

D) root hair plexus

E) free nerve endings

26) What is the location of the sensory receptors associated with the sense of smell?

A) roof of the nasal cavity

B) tongue

C) back of the pharynx

D) inferior portion of the nasal cavity

E) frontal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere

27) Which health problem is associated with a decrease in the ability to taste certain foods?

A) allergies

B) upper respiratory tract infection

C) brain tumors

D) exposure to drugs

E) All of the answer choices can decrease a person's ability to taste certain foods.

28) The olfactory bulbs have a direct connection with what part of the brain?

A) limbic system

B) pons

C) medulla

D) brain stem

E) temporal lobe

29) What are the three areas of the inner ear?

A) semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea

B) semicircular canals, vestibule, and organ of Corti

C) malleus, vestibule, and cochlea

D) malleus, incus, and stapes

E) malleus, incus, and vestibule

30) Taste and smell are examples of exteroceptors.

31) Which of the following would be detected by a cutaneous receptor?

A) equilibrium

B) sound waves

C) motion

D) gravity

E) temperature

32) Which of the following correctly matches a sensory receptor with its stimuli?

A) photoreceptors—sense of "smell"

B) chemoreceptors—sense of position

C) proprioceptors—detection of carbon dioxide level in blood

D) thermoreceptors—changes in temperature

E) mechanoreceptors—sense of temperature

33) Taste buds and olfactory cells are considered

A) mechanoreceptors.

B) chemoreceptors.

C) cutaneous receptors.

D) proprioceptors.

E) photoreceptors.

34) Which type of receptor found in the skin is comprised of free nerve endings?

A) temperature

B) Merkel disks

C) Krause end bulbs

D) Meissner corpuscles

E) Pacinian corpuscles

35) When an internal pain is felt in a surface region of the skin, it is called

A) referred pain.

B) proprioception.

C) somatic sensing.

D) countersensation.

E) sensory adaptation.

36) There are separate nociceptors for mechanical damage and damage due to toxic substances.

37) What part of your brain interprets the information received from the taste buds?

A) olfactory cortex

B) gustatory cotex

C) visual cortex

D) auditory cortex

E) Taste is interpreted in the mouth and not the brain.

38) The order in which light reaches the lens of a human eye is

A) pupil → cornea → aqueous humor → lens.

B) lens → aqueous humor → pupil → cornea.

C) cornea → aqueous humor → pupil → lens.

D) cornea → pupil → aqueous humor → lens.

E) cornea → vitreous humor → pupil → lens.

39) When you look at an image, it is inverted on the back of the retina and yet appears right-side-up when we perceive it. What part of the body is responsible for inverting the image?

A) the retina

B) the rods and cones

C) the optic nerve

D) the brain

E) the lens

40) Images arriving at the visual area of the brain have been split because the left optic tract carries information about the right portion of the visual field and the right optic tract carries information about the left portion of the visual field.

41) The bones of the middle ear

A) respond to a change in the position of the head.

B) transmit sound waves.

C) are sense receptors connected to the auditory nerve.

D) are named the malleus, incus, and otolith.

E) are connected to the tectorial membrane and oval window.

42) Which of the following statements is true?

A) Hearing is not dependent on the inner ear.

B) All parts of the organ of Corti hear all ranges of sound.

C) Loud music does not damage your ears.

D) Hearing is dependent on mechanical pressure.

E) Sound is similar to light insofar as it is transmitted through the vacuum of space.

43) The malleus, incus, and stapes are

A) located in the inner ear.

B) equivalent terms for the saccule, utricle, and the otolith.

C) surrounded by fluid in a bony cavity.

D) located between the tympanic membrane and the oval window.

E) located between the tectorial membrane and the basilar membrane.

44) Which correctly traces the path of a sound vibration?

A) auditory canal → tympanic membrane → malleus → incus → stapes → oval window → cochlea → cochlear nerve

B) auditory canal → malleus → incus → stapes → tympanic membrane → oval window → cochlea → cochlear nerve

C) auditory canal → tympanic membrane → malleus → incus → stapes → cochlea → oval window → cochlear nerve

D) auditory canal → tympanic membrane → oval window → cochlea → malleus → incus → stapes → cochlear nerve

E) auditory canal → malleus → incus → stapes → oval window → tympanic membrane → cochlea → cochlear nerve

45) Which pair is mismatched?

A) semicircular canals—inner ear

B) ampulla—outer ear

C) auditory canal—outer ear

D) ossicles—middle ear

E) stapes—oval window

46) Rotational equilibrium depends on which of the following structures?

A) utricle and saccule

B) semicircular canals

C) stapes and saccule

D) auditory canal

E) utricle and semicircular canals

47) The direction of movement of the head relative to gravity is determined by

A) stereocilia in a gelatinous material called a cupula.

B) movement of fluid in the ampulla.

C) displacement of otoliths on the otolithic membrane.

D) asymmetric nerve impulses from proprioceptors on the left and right side of the head.

E) integration of the visual and auditory signals in the equilibria center of the cortex.

48) Glaucoma is caused by

A) hardening of the lens.

B) inadequate drainage of the aqueous humor.

C) loss of the otoliths.

D) loss of taste cells.

E) overstimulation of the ampulla.

49) A person who is farsighted cannot see close objects because

A) the lens is too small.

B) the optic nerve is damaged.

C) the eyeball is too short.

D) the eyeball is too long.

E) of a lack of rod receptors.

50) When a baseball player is hit in the back by a ball, what is detected by the pain receptors?

A) chemicals that are released by the damaged cells

B) the pressure produced by the trauma

C) the body's position during the time of the injury

D) the temperature of the day

E) None of the answer choices would be detected by the pain receptors.

51) What structures are responsible for detecting odor?

A) receptor proteins on the olfactory cells

B) receptor lipids on the olfactory cells

C) receptor carbohydrates on the olfactory cells

D) receptor proteins on the sclera

E) receptor proteins on the ossicles

52) What two structures are associated with gravitational equilibrium?

A) utricle and saccule

B) semicircular canal and cupula

C) utricle and semicircular canal

D) saccule and cupula

E) utricle and cupula

53) It is very hot in the room but Jamie does not seem to notice. Her exteroreceptors have detected the heat and sent the message to her brain, but her brain has not correctly determined the message. What does Jamie have a problem with?

A) exteroreceptors

B) detection

C) sensation

D) perception

E) thermoreceptors

54) Which of the following is an example of sensory adaptation?

A) The act of trying to read a book while riding in a car causes eyestrain.

B) When it is totally dark, the rods and cones of the eyes do not send any visual impulses.

C) After the wound healed, the pain also went away.

D) You notice the smell of liver and onions cooking when you enter the kitchen, but soon you do not notice the odor although they are still cooking.

E) At first you did not like rock music but as you became older, you found you liked it.

55) Jennifer's doctor tells her that she is experiencing a problem with her proprioceptors. What symptoms must Jennifer be experiencing?

A) falling down

B) memory failure

C) intense pain

D) a fight-or-flight response

E) blindness

56) Scott has lost his sense of smell due to an accident, although to look at him you would never know anything was wrong. Upon external examination, his doctor cannot see any damage either. What part of Scott's body has been damaged?

A) his oral cavity

B) his nasal cavity

C) his olfactory tract to the brain

D) his pharynx

E) his nose

57) David has a problem with his vision. He sees very well but everything is black and white. The problem is most likely with what part of his eye?

A) the cornea

B) the cones

C) the lens

D) the fovea centralis

E) the retina

58) Julie can see very well close up, but has more problems with distance vision. She really has trouble when looking from her paper up to the professor at the front of the class and back again. What part of her eye is most likely the problem?

A) optic nerve

B) fovea

C) cornea

D) ciliary muscle

E) suspensory ligaments

59) Puncturing the tympanic membrane would

A) make you totally deaf.

B) prevent the normal transmission of sound vibration.

C) destroy the sense receptors for hearing.

D) account for why some people who hear still cannot sing a tune.

E) account for dizziness and equilibrium problems.

60) From your understanding of the anatomy of the ear, what is the most likely explanation for a dog's ability to hear higher frequencies (pitch)?

A) more ear bones for greater amplification

B) larger outer ears

C) a thinner and therefore more sensitive tympanic membrane (eardrum)

D) a wider range to the tectorial membrane and hair cells

E) a more advanced brain section devoted to hearing

61) From what you currently know, in a spacecraft at a point of weightlessness, which effect is most likely?

A) Rotational equilibrium would be lacking and you could not detect head movement.

B) Gravitational equilibrium would be altered since the otoliths would not be pulled down by gravity.

C) Without gravity, there would be no vertigo.

D) All balance systems would work similar to being on Earth with normal gravity.

E) There would be absolutely no sense of balance signals of either type without gravity.

62) Deafness due to injury to the auditory center of the brain could be alleviated by the use of a hearing aid.

63) You are constantly sunbathing without sunscreen or other protective devices. In addition you are also a smoker. These behaviors have significantly increased your chances of getting what disease?

A) glaucoma

B) cataracts

C) vertigo

D) Meniere's disease

E) anosmia

64) You go to the doctor because you have been experiencing dizziness. Where does the doctor look first?

A) in your ears

B) in your mouth

C) in your eyes

D) in your nose

E) at your skin

65) Impulses from the eye result in sight perception and impulses from the ear are perceived as sound. This is due to

A) the neurons of the receptor, which use different ions to send signals to the brain.

B) the neurons of the receptor, which send signals at different frequencies.

C) the final destination of the signals. The signals from the eye travel to the visual perception region of the brain; auditory signals go to the hearing section.

D) the type of signal sent by the neuron, for example, either a visual pattern or a sound pattern as the signal travels through the nerves.

E) the different receptors (photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors) that are completely different types of nervous tissue cells.

66) Which of the following correctly describes receptors in the skin?

A) Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini endings, and Krause end bulbs detect pain.

B) Meissner corpuscles and Merkel disks detect fine touch.

C) One type of nerve cell detects both hot and cold.

D) All receptor types are spread uniformly throughout dermal tissue.

E) Temperature receptors are free nerve endings in the dermis.

67) The correct order in which a light ray enters the eye is

A) cornea → vitreous humor → lens → aqueous humor → retina

B) lens → vitreous humor → cornea → aqueous humor → retina

C) lens → cornea → aqueous humor → vitreous humor → retina

D) cornea → aqueous humor → lens → vitreous humor → retina

E) lens → aqueous humor → cornea → vitreous humor → retina

68) Which of the following is a true statement?

A) The iris regulates the amount of light reaching the retina.

B) The rods are involved in black-and-white vision.

C) There is a blind spot where the optic nerve joins the retina.

D) The sclera is the outer coat of the eye.

E) All of the answer choices are true.

69) Which of the following is a true statement about the rod photoreceptors?

A) They contain the pigment rhodopsin.

B) They are functional only in dim light.

C) The stimulus formed results from the breakdown of rhodopsin.

D) They detect even the slightest motion.

E) All of the answer choices are true.

70) Which of the following is true about cones?

A) They detect color of an object.

B) They detect detail of an object.

C) They require high-intensity light.

D) Rods are more numerous in the retina than cones.

E) All of the answer choices are true.

71) When light intensity drops at nighttime, we can expect a lit city street scene to appear

A) intense in color and very sharp.

B) more black and white, but very sharp.

C) intense in color and blurry.

D) more black and white and blurry.

E) identical to the image formed of the street in daytime.

72) Which of the following is necessary to see an object?

A) retina

B) optic nerve

C) nerve impulse

D) bipolar cells

E) All of the answer choices are necessary for sight.

73) Which of the following groups contain all membranous structures?

A) ossicles, tympanic membrane, oval window

B) cochlea, ampulla, otoliths

C) tympanic membrane, oval window, round window

D) malleus, incus, stapes

E) tympanic membrane, oval window, stapes

74) A lack of hair cells within your inner ear would result in deafness.

75) The fluid within the semicircular canals and the otoliths present in the utricle and saccule play very similar roles in our sense of equilibrium.

76) Stereocilia on hair cells are involved in both our rotational and our gravitational sense of equilibrium.

77) Which of the following is a correct association of sensory problems?

A) color blindness—lack of red or green cones

B) deafness—infection with certain viruses such as the rubella virus

C) otosclerosis—new bones overgrow the stirrup, requiring surgery

D) cataracts—lens becomes opaque with aging and sun exposure

E) All of the answer choices are correct associations.

78) How does the lens change shape when focusing on an image that is close?

A) The lens becomes rounded in order to bring the image to focus on the retina.

B) The lens will flatten out in order to bring the image to focus on the retina.

C) The lens becomes rounded in order to bring the image to focus on the sclera.

D) The lens will flatten out in order to bring the image to focus on the sclera.

E) The lens does not change shape in order to focus on an image that is close up.

79) What part of the ear determines pitch?

A) tympanic membrane

B) oval window

C) incus, malleus, and stapes

D) auditory canal

E) organ of Corti

80) What substance will displace the cupula during rotational equilibrium?

A) fluid within the semicircular canal

B) fluid within the utricle

C) the otoliths within the semicircular canal

D) the otoliths within the vestibule

E) fluid within the auditory tube

81) What is the greatest benefit of having three semicircular canals involved in detecting rotational equilibrium?

A) It allows for one to be in each dimension of space.

B) It increases the surface area for detection of direction.

C) It provides backups in case one gets damaged.

D) It can process information faster.

E) It produces larger volumes of calcium carbonate.

82) Which of these is true of all receptors?

A) All receptors are sensitive to all the different types of stimuli.

B) They are all stimulated by a change in the external environment.

C) They are all found at the ends of neurons and initiate a nerve impulse that is carried to the brain.

D) They not only receive stimuli but also interpret them.

E) They are all located in the hypothalamus and skin.

83) Both eyes "see" the entire visual field. However, because of the optic chiasma

A) only data from the left half of each retina is carried by the optic tracts to the visual cortex.

B) data from the left half of each retina is carried by the right optic tract and data from the right half of each retina is carried by the left optic tract.

C) data from the right half of each retina is carried by the right optic tract and data from the left half of each retina is carried by the left optic tract.

D) the image on the back of the retina is inverted.

E) objects in the blind spot will disappear.

84) What determines "loudness"?

A) the wave frequency or number of vibrations per second

B) As the fluid in the cochlea vibrates with more force, the basilar membrane moves with greater force.

C) the number of hair cells that are stimulated

D) As the noise gets louder, the auditory tube expands.

E) The auditory cortex assigns greater volume to sounds coming from sources that are visually recognized as being louder.

85) List the function of the sclera, ciliary body, pupil, rods and optic nerve.

86) Complete the following table of exteroreceptors.

Sensory Receptor Stimulus Category Sense

Taste cells

Olfactory cells

Rods and cones in retina

Hair cells in spiral organ

Hair cells in semicircular canals

Hair cells in vestibule

87) List the parts that make up the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear.