Chapter 11: Theories of Culture and White Privilege

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. White social workers may be unaware of their unearned race privileges. This is an example of ______.

a. naïve awareness

b. critical awareness

c. naïve consciousness

d. critical consciousness

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Critical Consciousness for Ourselves and Our Clients

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The totality of ways being passed on from generation to generation can be defined as ______.

a. competence

b. culture

c. diversity

d. intersectionality

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Critical Consciousness for Ourselves and Our Clients

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Cultural ______ refers to the process by which individuals and systems respond respectfully and effectively to people of all cultures, languages, classes, races, ethnic backgrounds, religions, spiritual traditions, immigration status, and other diversity factors.

a. humility

b. competence

c. diversity

d. reponsiveness

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Critical Consciousness for Ourselves and Our Clients

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Cultural ______ involves the social workers’ lifelong commitment to evaluating and critiquing themselves, and to redressing the power imbalances in professional relationships and in developing advocacy partnerships with communities on behalf of the clients.

a. humility

b. competence

c. diversity

d. reponsiveness

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Critical Consciousness for Ourselves and Our Clients

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Tony is a white man who is oblivious to racism. According to Helms’ white identity development model, what ego stage is Tony in?

a. contact

b. disintegration

c. reintegration

d. pseudo-independence

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Helms’s White Identity Development Model

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Angela is a white woman who begins seeking reassurance from others that white people are NOT to blame for racism. According to Helms’ white identity development model, what ego stage is Angela in?

a. contact

b. disintegration

c. reintegration

d. pseudo-independence

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Helms’s White Identity Development Model

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Bob says, “I experienced reverse discrimination as a guard in the prison because most of my fellow guards are Black and I am White.” According to Helms’ white identity development model, what ego stage is Bob in?

a. contact

b. disintegration

c. reintegration

d. pseudo-independence

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Helms’s White Identity Development Model

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. Spencer is a white man who is making conscious decisions to interact with minority group members. According to Helms’ white identity development model, what ego stage is Spencer in?

a. contact

b. disintegration

c. reintegration

d. pseudo-independence

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Helms’s White Identity Development Model

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Sierra is a white woman who is trying to create and live in integrated communities. According to Helms’ white identity development model, what ego stage is Sierra in?

a. immersion

b. autonomy

c. reintegration

d. pseudo-independence

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Helms’s White Identity Development Model

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Ted is a white man confronting his personal biases. According to Helms’ white identity development model, what ego stage is Ted in?

a. immersion

b. autonomy

c. reintegration

d. pseudo-independence

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Helms’s White Identity Development Model

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which of the following systems is part of the nurturing system?

a. local community

b. economic system

c. educational system

d. political system

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Dual Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Which of the following systems is part of the sustaining system?

a. immediate family

b. local community

c. friends and relative

d. political system

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Dual Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. ______ is defined as a process of action-awareness-reflection-dialogue.

a. Competence

b. Culture

c. Intersectionality

d. Praxis

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Praxis As Action-Awareness-Reflection-Dialogue

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. ______ is a framework of intersecting sociopolitical categories for the analysis of power dynamics in human relationships, institutions and communities that lead to oppression and discrimination.

a. Competence

b. Culture

c. Diversity

d. Intersectionality

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Intersectionality

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The combination of being Black and female is significantly more disadvantageous and dangerous than being either Black and male, or female and White. This can be explained by the ______ theory.

a. intersectionality

b. critical race

c. racial conflict

d. new feminist

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Intersectionality

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. According to intersectionality theory, ______ rejects binary thinking.

a. relationality

b. inequality

c. power

d. complexity

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Intersectionality

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. According to intersectionality theory, ______ raises questions about how ______ is used in multiple arenas.

a. relationality; social justice

b. power, relationality

c. social inequality; power

d. complexity; social inequality

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Intersectionality

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. When doing an intersectional analysis, what is the first step?

a. analyze the social and historical context of any relevant relationship or situation

b. understand the complexity involved in marginalization, exploitation and abuse

c. understand social inequality from the interactions of multiple categories/dimensions

d. analyze how power is used in social, political, economic and other arenas

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Intersectionality

Difficulty Level: Hard

19. ______ is defined as a state in which even a minimum amount of racial stress becomes intolerable, triggering feelings and behaviors such as anger, fear, guilt, argumentation, and silence.

a. White fragility

b. White vulnerability

c. White privilege

d. racial conflict

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. An American social work faculty person took responsibility for a study abroad program in Costa Rica. One of the major challenges was that the faculty member had very limited command of Spanish. One afternoon, the instructor and three students stopped at a local grocery market to make some purchases. He was embarrassed about the fact that he was becoming an impediment to the other people in the store and felt powerless to be able to “fix” the situation. According to Freire’s ideas about moving from naïve consciousness to critical consciousness, this faculty member is in which of the following stage?

a. reflection

b. awareness

c. dialogue

d. action

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Ethics Spotlight: Tattoos and Transformation in Social Work Education

Difficulty Level: Hard

21. Critical thinking and ______ represent two broad frameworks for social workers to organize their knowledge base about diversity.

a. social constructionism

b. cultural competence

c. critical race theory

d. intersectionality theory

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Assumptions About the Integration of Diversity Into Social Work Practice

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. The process of praxis in the development of critical consciousness involves action, awareness, reflection, and ______.

a. dialogue

b. communication

c. conversation

d. correspondence

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Praxis As Action-Awareness-Reflection-Dialogue

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. An American social work faculty person took responsibility for a study abroad program in Costa Rica. One of the major challenges was that the faculty member had very limited command of Spanish. One afternoon, the instructor and three students stopped at a local grocery market to make some purchases. After coming back to America, he had regular opportunities in grocery stores and other venues to step in to assist Spanish-speaking individuals when they faced the overwhelming sense of vulnerability based on their struggles to master the English language. According to Freire’s ideas about moving from naïve consciousness to critical consciousness, this faculty member is in which of the following stage?

a. reflection

b. awareness

c. dialogue

d. action

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Ethics Spotlight: Tattoos and Transformation in Social Work Education

Difficulty Level: Hard

24. According to the text, the process of including diversity in social work practice should start by ______.

a. reflecting our own personal narratives

b. mastering content related to diversity

c. paying attention to oppression and diversity

d. addressing issues of oppression related to race

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Ethics Spotlight: Tattoos and Transformation in Social Work Education

Difficulty Level: Hard

25. Freire’s ideas about moving from naïve consciousness to critical consciousness involve a fluid interaction among five important components. What component is at the center and interacts with all other components?

a. experience

b. awareness

c. reflection

d. dialogue

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ethics Spotlight: Tattoos and Transformation in Social Work

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. White privilege can be defined as earned and visible social privileges due to one’s White skin color.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: White Privilege and White Identity Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Most White individuals cannot identify how they experience being White, nor do they identify belonging to any ethnic or racial group.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: White Privilege and White Identity Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. According to the text, few social work educational programs have thoughtfully examined White privilege and White identity development.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Chapter Summary

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. White identity development theory supports subjectivity or reality based on the meanings we create in a process of ongoing dialogue with our clients.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Does This Theory Say About Human Behavior?

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The dual perspective emphasizes the minority person’s capacities to change the nurturing system in order to function successfully in our larger society.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Does This Theory Say About Human Behavior?

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. How can a social worker use the dual perspective to inform his/her practice?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Dual Perspective

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Use an example to illustrate how social workers can develop critical consciousness through praxis.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Chapter Summary

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. According to White privilege theory, what can White social workers do to create personal, interpersonal and agency-based changes?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: How Does This Theory Address Growth and Change (e.g., for the Individual and Community)?

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. How do White privilege, White identity development and intersectionality support multiple types of knowledge?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Sources of Knowledge Does This Theory Support (E.G., Client’s Voice, Social Worker’s Practice Wisdom, Qualitative and Quantitative Research Studies)?

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. List three assumptions about the integration of diversity into social work practice.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Assumptions About the Integration of Diversity Into Social Work Practice

Difficulty Level: Easy