Chapter 13: Cognitive and Moral Development Theories

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. According to Piaget, children who know the world through their sensations and actions are in the ______ stage of cognitive development.

a. sensorimotor

b. preoperational

c. concrete operational

d. formal operational

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Piaget and Cognitive Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. A child utilizes skills and abilities she was born with, such as looking, to learn more about the environment. According to Piaget, she is in which of the following stage of cognitive development?

a. sensorimotor stage

b. preoperational stage

c. concrete operational stage

d. formal operational stage

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Piaget and Cognitive Development

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Children can use inductive logic, but still struggle with abstract thinking. According to Piaget, which of the following stage of cognitive development are they in?

a. sensorimotor stage

b. preoperational stage

c. concrete operational stage

d. formal operational stage

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Piaget and Cognitive Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Piaget asked children to imagine where they would want to place a third eye if they had one. One child wanted to place it at the back of her head. Which of the following stage of cognitive development are they in?

a. sensorimotor stage

b. preoperational stage

c. concrete operational stage

d. formal operational stage

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Piaget and Cognitive Development

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. A child learns that A=B, and B=C but struggles to understand that A=C. According to Piaget, he/she is in which of the following stage of cognitive development?

a. sensorimotor stage

b. preoperational stage

c. concrete operational stage

d. formal operational stage

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Piaget and Cognitive Development

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. “You scratch my back and I will scratch yours.” This attitude reflects which moral development stage?

a. punishment-and-obedience orientation

b. instrumental-relativist orientation

c. interpersonal concordance orientation

d. social-contract, legalistic orientation

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Emergence of Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. A policeman refuses the money offered to him under the table and arrests the offender because he believes this is his duty as an officer of peace and order. According to Kohlberg, which of the following moral development stage is the policeman in?

a. punishment-and-obedience orientation

b. instrumental-relativist orientation

c. interpersonal concordance orientation

d. “law and order” orientation

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Emergence of Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. A child gives away her lunch to a street peasant because she thinks doing so means being nice. According to Kohlberg, which of the following moral development stages is the child in?

a. punishment-and-obedience orientation

b. instrumental-relativist orientation

c. interpersonal concordance orientation

d. “law and order” orientation

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Emergence of Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. You act only according to moral rule and wish that it will become a universal law. According to Kohlberg, which of the following moral development stages are you in?

a. punishment-and-obedience orientation

b. instrumental-relativist orientation

c. universal-ethical-principle orientation

d. social-contract, legalistic orientation

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Emergence of Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. People follow the law because they do NOT want to go to jail. According to Kohlberg, which of the following moral development stage are they in?

a. punishment-and-obedience orientation

b. instrumental-relativist orientation

c. interpersonal concordance orientation

d. social-contract, legalistic orientation

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Emergence of Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

11. At what age does the interaction of a child’s various systems contribute to morally significant knowledge about empathy, sharing, and rule violations?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Moral Self in Infancy

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. According to Gilligan, a(n) ______ perspective is concerned with caring and responsiveness to others, or a care ethic.

a. individualistic

b. justice

c. male

d. female

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: In-Depth: Carol Gilligan and Women’s Moral Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. In the ______ stage of Gilligan’s theory of moral development, morality is based on caring for one’s self and others.

a. first

b. second

c. third

d. fourth

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: In-Depth: Carol Gilligan and Women’s Moral Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. In the ______ stage of Gilligan’s theory, morality is based on meeting other people’s needs.

a. first

b. second

c. third

d. fourth

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: In-Depth: Carol Gilligan and Women’s Moral Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Which of the following is an accurate statement about Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?

a. It centers women as the authors of their own moral life.

b. It centers diverse cultural and ethnic groups.

c. It examines orientations such as virtue or purity.

d. It centers White, male, and middle to upper class.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Consistent Are These Theories with Social Work Values and Ethics?

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Which of the following statements best describes Kohlberg’s work?

a. He tried to find out whether children were sensitive enough to see a moral problem.

b. He assessed the empathy related to moral situations of the participants in his study.

c. He thought cognition and affect are two different perspectives on the same mental events.

d. His theory served as a means for participants to author and engage in social interactions with others.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: How Holistic Are These Theories?

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. Which of the following is an accurate statement about Gilligan’s moral development theory?

a. It tends to focus on the words selfishness and responsibility.

b. It makes women feel a constant pressure to take care of others.

c. It understands human relationships as interdependent.

d. It views care as the fulfillment of moral responsibility.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The First Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Gilligan’s first perspective can be described as ______.

a. focusing on the voice of responsibility to care for others

b. requiring women to embrace the male-dominated culture

c. increasing women’s concern about being accepted by others

d. focusing primarily (perhaps solely) on caring for oneself

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Second Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. When faced with an abortion dilemma, what would a woman most likely do if she followed Gilligan’s first perspective?

a. not have the abortion out of a sense of responsibility to others

b. not have the abortion out of a denial of the needs of the self

c. have the abortion after considering the complex relationships with her lover

d. have the abortion out of a strong desire to care for oneself

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Second Perspective

Difficulty Level: Hard

20. When speaking of care for self and others, Gilligan argued that ______ need to learn to balance care of self with care for others.

a. both the young and the old

b. both men and women

c. both white and black people

d. both the rich and the poor

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Do These Theories Address Growth and Change?

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. According to Kohlberg, ______ is the central universal and organizing principle of his moral development theory.

a. invariant sequence

b. moral growth

c. cognitive growth

d. social justice

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Consistent are These Theories with Social Work Values and Ethics?

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Which of the following statements best describes Piaget’s research?

a. He played a major role in transforming the study of cognitive development.

b. He used rigorous research designs to study the intelligence of children.

c. He interviewed a group of boys by presenting them with hypothetical moral dilemmas.

d. He used a longitudinal approach and followed his study participants for thirty years.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Sources Of Knowledge Do These Theories Support (E.G., Client’s Voice, Social Worker’s Practice Wisdom, Qualitative And Quantitative Research Studies)?

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Which of the following statements describes the social work profession in the early 20th century ?

a. It relied on religious values as a leading force in working with various marginalized people in society.

b. It allowed for a more comprehensive view based on morality as the rationale for practice.

c. Social workers established the outcomes of the helping relationship together with their clients.

d. Success meant that the clients would be “better off” if they behaved more like the workers.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Application of Cognitive and Moral Development Theories to Social Work Practice

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. In the mid-1800s, workers in the ______ described their helping relationships as “moral character development,”

a. Association for Improving the Conditions of the Poor

b. National Child Abuse Prevention Council

c. Association for the Study of Community Organization

d. American Association of Social Workers

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Application Of Cognitive And Moral Development Theories To Social Work Practice

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. ______ refers to the relationship between professional social workers and their clients that requires professionals to act in the best interests of their clients.

a. Fiduciary relationship

b. Rapport building

c. Mutual trust

d. Professional relationship

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Moral Dialogue

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Kohlberg’s model provided a critique of Gilligan’s only male study samples for developing his moral development theory.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Extensions from Piaget and Kohlberg

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Gilligan asserted that men and women are the same when it comes to moral development and concomitant identity formation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: In-Depth: Carol Gilligan and Women’s Moral Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Theorists have always valued the role of schools in helping children develop a “bag of virtues” or character traits.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Persistence of Virtue and Character

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Kohlberg has mistakenly viewed moral growth and development as universal therefore cutting across all cultures.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Culture and Context

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Kohlberg maintained that social justice is the central universal and organizing principle of his moral development theory.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Consistent are These Theories with Social Work Values and Ethics?

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. How has Kohlberg’s moral development theory been critiqued?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Emergence of Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory & Critique of Cognitive and Moral Development Theories

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Read the short scenario below and answer the following questions: What was Gilligan’s main argument about moral development? How might you apply Gilligan’s theory to this case?

Isabelle is married to a man who works as a roofer and is presently unemployed. She works full-time as a nurse in order to support her husband and one year old child. She is also Catholic, has a spinal disorder and has just become pregnant with her second child. At her first prenatal appointment, her doctor tells Isabelle that if she continues with the pregnancy it will result in her spinal disorder becoming significantly worse, potentially to the point that she will not be able to work or care for her children.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: In-Depth: Carol Gilligan and Women’s Moral Development

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Read the short scenario in question 2 and answer the following question: how would the woman try to resolve the ethical dilemma regarding the abortion?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Third Perspective

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Define moral dialogue. What are the common characteristics of moral dialogue and cognitive and moral development?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Moral Dialogue

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. What are the major assumptions connecting cognitive and moral development to social work practice?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Assumptions Connecting Cognitive and Moral Development to Social Work Practice

Difficulty Level: Easy