Chapter 10: Behavior Theory, the Cognitive Turn and the Influence of Mindfulness

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. ______ is a therapeutic model in which negative or unhelpful thinking is challenged as a means of changing emotions and behavior patterns.

a. DBT

b. CBT

c. ACT

d. RET

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Practice Models Incorporating Behaviorism, Mindfulness and Dialectics

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. ______ can be defined a therapeutic model which examines problematic, learned behaviors and helps the client replace these behaviors with more adaptive behaviors.

a. DBT

b. CBT

c. ACT

d. RET

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Practice Models Incorporating Behaviorism, Mindfulness and Dialectics

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. ______ is a sense of the importance of living in the present moment and reducing the judgments we experience both internally and as it relates to our environment.

a. Mindfulness

b. Meditation

c. Dialectics

d. Cognition

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Work Behaviorism and Mindfulness

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. ______ is the structure or schema in which a person’s mind intellectually develops and adapts to its environment and grows in its capacity for abstract thought and reasoning.

a. Mindfulness

b. Meditation

c. Dialectics

d. Cognition

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cognition And Second-Generation Behavior Therapies

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. ______ is a Western philosophy which postulates that truth, in any situation, lies between the opposing tensions experienced in that situation.

a. Mindfulness

b. Meditation

c. Dialectics

d. Cognition

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Work Behaviorism in Dialectics

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. ______ represents a range of practices that involve both physical and psychological activities designed to determine what is happening in an individual’s mind at any given moment in time.

a. Mindfulness

b. Meditation

c. Dialectics

d. Cognition

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Should Mindfulness Be Practiced and Cultivated?

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Which of the following is a second generation of behavior therapy?

a. cognitive therapy

b. S–R approaches

c. aversion therapy

d. exposure therapies

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Behaviorism In Practice: An Historical Context

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. ______ is a form of learning in which behaviors are strengthened or weakened by altering the consequences that follow those behaviors.

a. Operant learning

b. Observational learning

c. Respondent learning

d. Cognitive learning

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Current Applications for Behavioral Social Work

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. ______ involves individuals acquiring behaviors by observing other people which they then translate into social roles and behaviors.

a. Operant learning

b. Observational learning

c. Respondent learning

d. Cognitive learning

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Current Applications for Behavioral Social Work

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Which of the following person is a cognitive theorist?

a. Pavlov

b. Watson

c. Skinner

d. Beck

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Behavioral Social Work In The 1970s To 2000.

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Respondent or classical conditioning (S–R) was largely developed by Watson and ______.

a. Beck

b. Ellis

c. Meichenbaum

d. Pavlov

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Respondent or Classical Conditioning

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Behaviorism was a movement in psychology and philosophy first coined by ______.

a. Pavlov

b. Watson

c. Meichenbaum

d. Skinner

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction and History of Behaviorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Veterans may respond to loud noises by “running for cover.” This is an example of ______.

a. classical conditioning

b. operent conditioning

c. stimulus conditioning

d. observational conditioning

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Respondent or Classical Conditioning

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. A child demonstrating good behaviors is rewarded with a candy. This is an example of ______.

a. operant conditioning

b. respondent conditioning

c. classical conditioning

d. observational conditioning

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Operant Conditioning

Difficulty Level: Hard

15. Punishment is a key tool in ______.

a. operant conditioning

b. respondent conditioning

c. classical conditioning

d. observational conditioning

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Operant Conditioning

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Which of the following statements was associated with Skinner?

a. Introspective methods for examining inward human experiences and mental activity must be rejected.

b. Psychology’s main goal is to understand, control and predict behavior through observation and measurement.

c. Psychology fails in attempting to conduct experimental research on the subjective experiences of human beings.

d. Rats can learn effectively if rewarded frequently and rats’ behaviors could be shaped through the use of rewards.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Operant Conditioning

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. In late 1950s, whose work precipitated behavior theory’s turn toward the impact of cognitive processes on behavior?

a. Ellis

b. Beck

c. Bandura

d. Chomsky

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Cognitive Turn and the First Generation of Behavior Therapies

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. A person may conquer a fear of flying by observing others who fly with little fear. This can be explained by ______.

a. classical conditioning

b. operent conditioning

C. social Learning

D. cognitive Restructuring

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Cognitive Turn and the First Generation of Behavior Therapies

Difficulty Level: Hard

19. Which of the following is an example of second generation of behavioral therapy?

a. Dialectical Behavior Therapy

b. Acceptance And Commitment Therapy

c. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

d. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cognition and Second-Generation Behavior Therapies

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. The ______ generation of behavioral therapies stressed the importance of modeling or learning that occurs by observing behavior.

a. first

b. second

c. third

d. fourth

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Summary

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. The ______ generation of behavioral therapies encouraged clients through acceptance and mindfulness-based strategies to acknowledge suffering or psychological discomfort as inevitable, NOT as obstacles to reaching personal goals.

a. first

b. second

c. third

d. fourth

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Third Generation Behavioral Therapies

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. The ______ generation of behavioral therapies addressed cognitive processing or thinking difficulties such as overgeneralizations and irrational thinking.

a. first

b. second

c. third

d. fourth

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cognition and Second Generation Behavioral Therapies

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Which of the following is true about mindfulness?

a. Mindfulness practice should lead to some sort of special experience or revelation.

b. Being mindful implies that one needs become a Buddhist or engage in cryptic activities.

c. Mindfulness is simply being aware of what the mind is thinking about in its wanderings.

d. A person practicing mindfulness will quickly experience a calm, controlled, conscious mind.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Mindfulness West: Jon Kabat-Zinn

Difficulty Level: Hard

24. How are behavior theories consistent with social work values?

a. Behavior theories acknowledge human beings’ freedom or self-determination in creatively problem solving and in responding to their own unique needs.

b. Behavior theories are easily applied to the practice with diverse client populations based on gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation and sexual expression.

c. Behaviorally-oriented social workers view their use of behaviorist interventions with clients as demonstrating the greatest level of professional competence.

d. Behavioral approaches are often able to sustain treatment effects after treatment has ended and when clients return to live in their natural, social environments.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: How Consistent Is This Theory with Social Work Values and Ethics?

Difficulty Level: Hard

25. ______ demonstrate the strongest level of empirical evidence for the effectiveness of behavioral approaches to social work.

a. Quantitative studies

b. Qualitative studies

c. Practice wisdom

d. Clients’ voices

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Sources of Knowledge Does This Theory Support

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Skinner thought that inner processes were irrelevant to the prediction, control and experimental analysis of human behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Operant Conditioning

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Behaviorism, in its pure form, rejected the impact of cognitive activity on human behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Respondent or Classical Conditioning

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Piaget’s cognitive development theory is easily operationalized and directly addresses how events or experiences shape, regulate or alter human cognition and behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cognition and Second-Generation Behavior Therapies

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. The Third-Generation Behavioral Therapies are consistent with Buddhist concepts such as clients’ self-awareness and moment-to-moment acceptance of “what is.”

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Third-Generation Behavior Therapies

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. All behavior therapists engage in clinical strategies that support acceptance of the moment-to-moment reality of clients’ experiences of suffering and other difficulties.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ontology

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. Compare and contrast the third- and second-generation behavioral therapies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Third-Generation Behavior Therapies

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Explain what mindfulness is using the example of washing dishes.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Mindfulness East: Thich Nhat Hanh

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. According to Hahn, how should mindfulness be practiced and cultivated?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Should Mindfulness Be Practiced and Cultivated?

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. What is Kabat-Zinn’s understanding of mindfulness?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mindfulness West: Jon Kabat-Zinn

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Are behavior theories holistic? Explain.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: How Holistic Is This Theory?

Difficulty Level: Medium