Test Bank

Chapter 7: Identity Perspectives on Today’s World: Democracy, Religion, Nationalism, and Human Rights

Multiple Choice

1. Which level of analysis describes the identity argument that since the Cold War, the ideas of democracy have won out over the ideas of communism?

a. the individual level of analysis

b. the domestic level of analysis

c. the systemic structural level of analysis

d. the systemic process level of analysis

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Chapter Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What type of actor might the identity perspective focus on as primary in international struggles for power?

a. states

b. institutions

c. ethnic groups

d. civilizations

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Chapter Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Which of the following features does the idea of democracy include?

a. Opposing political parties rotate peacefully in power through free and fair elections.

b. No institutions in the government are subject to the control of elected officials.

c. The military is subject to civilian control.

d. Individuals do not have fundamental protections of their civil rights.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Democracy

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Which of the following features does the idea of democracy include?

a. Opposing political parties do not rotate peacefully in power through free and fair elections.

b. All institutions in the government are subject to the control of elected officials.

c. The military is not subject to civilian control.

d. Individuals do not have fundamental protections of their civil rights.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Democracy

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which perspective best describes Samuel Huntington’s argument about the clash of civilizations, which suggests that despite the makeup of states and identities, anarchy will persist and drive power competition?

a. the realist perspective

b. the liberal perspective

c. the identity perspective

d. the critical theory perspective

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Clash of Civilizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Which of the following would Fareed Zakaria classify as an illiberal democracy?

a. a state that holds elections but has neither an active civil society nor independent courts to ensure real competitive political processes

b. a state that has democratic institutions, but they are based on traditional, native, or non-Western sources

c. a state that has democratic institutions but is not allies with the United States or Western European states

d. a state that has democratic institutions but is located in the developing world

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Religion Trumps Democracy

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Which of the follow is one of the five pillars of Islam?

a. prayer

b. Jihad

c. church donation

d. conversion

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Islam and the Muslim World

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Which of the follow is one of the five pillars of Islam?

a. prescriptive dress

b. Jihad

c. alms

d. conversion

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Islam and the Muslim World

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Which of the follow is one of the five pillars of Islam?

a. Jihad

b. pilgrimage

c. church donation

d. conversion

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Islam and the Muslim World

Difficulty Level: Easy

10 Which perspective would most likely emphasize Western imperialism as the reason why the Islamic world faded in the fifteenth century and Christian Europe rose?

a. the realist perspective

b. the liberal perspective

c. the identity perspective

d. the critical theory perspective

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Islam and the Muslim World

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which of the following represents a rigid and puritanical form of Islam originating in the eighteenth century?

a. Salafism

b. Wahhabism

c. Sufism

d. Quranism

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Islam and the Muslim World

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which of the following, an Egyptian writer and former government official who studied in the United States, is considered the “prophet of contemporary Islamic fundamentalism”?

a. Osama bin Laden

b. Sayyid Qutb

c. Ayman al-Zawahiri

d. Omar Rahman

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Islam and the Muslim World

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. The militant group Moro National Liberation Front operates in which country?

a. Nigeria

b. Somalia

c. Saudi Arabia

d. The Philippines

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Future of the West and Radical Islam

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Which level of analysis describes the identity argument that the Muslim Brotherhood exerts influence on international outcomes by expanding Islam abroad and ending military rule at home?

a. the individual level of analysis

b. the domestic level of analysis

c. the foreign policy level of analysis

d. the systemic level of analysis

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Arab Spring

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Citizenship involves what type of identity?

a. religious

b. civic

c. ethnic

d. linguistic

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What is Nationalism?

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Which of the following norms is centered on a state’s freedom from interference in internal affairs by other states?

a. collective security

b. territorial integrity

c. the responsibility to protect

d. sovereignty

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Human Rights

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. The transition from norms of state sovereignty to norms of human rights reflects which of the following trends?

a. a shift from the rights of states to the rights of individuals

b. a shift from the rights of individuals to the rights of states

c. a shift from the rights of states to the rights of multinational corporations

d. a shift from the rights of states to the rights of nongovernmental organizations

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Human Rights

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Which of the following documents, approved by the UN in 1948, prescribes the obligations of states to individuals, rather than of individuals to states?

a. the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

b. the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

c. the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights

d. the Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Human Rights

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which institution was the traditional center of UN diplomacy on human rights until it was replaced by the UN Human Rights Council?

a. the UN Economic and Social Council

b. the UN Universal Human Rights Council

c. the UN Convention on Human Rights

d. the UN Human Rights Commission

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Universal Human Rights

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Which organization was founded in 1949 to promote human rights in Europe?

a. the European Court of Human Rights

b. the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms

c. the Council of Europe

d. the European Union

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: European Human Rights Regime

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Which of the following is an innovation of the European Court of Human Rights?

a. It specifically protects women and children.

b. It only allows governments to petition the court.

c. It allows private parties as well as governments to petition the court.

d. It does not hear cases from its member states or their citizens.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: European Human Rights Regime

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Latin America’s human rights regime is centered in the ______.

a. Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights

b. Organization of American States

c. Inter-American Commission

d. Institute of Latin American States

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Other Regional Human Rights Regimes

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Which level of analysis describes the identity argument that Russia resists international human rights interventions for fear of implications for domestic separatist movements?

a. the individual level of analysis

b. the domestic level of analysis

c. the foreign policy level of analysis

d. the systemic level of analysis

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Other Regional Human Rights Regimes

Difficulty Level: Medium

Multiple Response

1. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The Community of Democracies is an institution that aims to strengthen civil societies and encourage cooperation among democratic countries in the UN and other organizations at which two levels of analysis?

a. the individual level of analysis

b. the domestic level of analysis

c. the systemic structural level of analysis

d. the systemic process level of analysis

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: End of History

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. According to the identity perspective, what are the primary sources of terrorism?

a. poverty and disease

b. unemployment

c. oppressive regimes

d. denial of political opportunity

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Democracy in the Middle East

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. As of 2017, which of the following Muslim-majority countries are the only two countries currently living under “free” regimes?

a. Tunisia

b. Mali

c. Egypt

d. Senegal

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Arab Spring

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are true of Sunni Muslims?

a. They identify with a renegade group from the seventh century that advocated divine succession.

b. They represent the majority of Muslims.

c. They identify with the caliphs, or the elected successors of Muhammad.

d. They represent a minority sect of Muslims.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Islam and the Muslim World

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Where is the historical center of Sunni Islam, located in the territories once ruled by the Ummayad and Abbasid dynasties?

a. Iran

b. Iraq

c. Syria

d. Turkey

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Islam and the Muslim World

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The concept of nationhood relies on which of the following?

a. the ability of the state to consolidate ethnic and religious identities

b. the ability of the state to protect its borders

c. the ability of the state to command the loyalty of its citizens

d. the ability of the state to force groups to coexist

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What is Nationalism?

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following rights are included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

a. political participation and civic freedom

b. entitlements to adequate food, clothing, shelter, and health care

c. freedom from fear of bodily harm

d. freedom of women and children

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Universal Human Rights

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following states abstained from voting on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

a. the Soviet Union

b. South Africa

c. Saudi Arabia

d. the United States

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Universal Human Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The Council of Europe has passed other human rights conventions, including which of the following?

a. the European Social Charter

b. the European Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man

c. the European Convention on the Rights of Women

d. the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: European Human Rights Regime

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following organizations created human rights regimes in the Islamic world?

a. the Arab League

b. the Arab Union

c. the Muslim Brotherhood

d. the Organization of the Islamic Conference

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Other Regional Human Rights Regimes

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. The American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man, dating from 1948, is the world’s first human rights instrument of a general nature.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Other Regional Human Rights Regimes

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights has very little power to implement the Inter-American Convention on Human Rights.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Other Regional Human Rights Regimes

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The idea of holy war is unique to Islam.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Islam and the Muslim World

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. According to the identity perspective, when identities diverge and conflict, anarchy tends to create a struggle for resources and survival.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Clash of Civilizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Civic identity refers to the identity constructed when people are willing to submit to the laws of a common government.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Constructing Identities

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Legitimate authority to make and enforce the law is a key determinant of civic identities.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Constructing Identities

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Afghanistan and Pakistan are sometimes referred to as AfPak in recognition of the commonalities in their struggle with al-Qaeda and the Taliban.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nation Building: Iraq and Afghanistan

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Although Iraq is ethnically and religiously homogenous, Afghanistan is not.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nation Building: Iraq and Afghanistan

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. The concept of sovereignty historically guaranteed the rights of states, not the rights of individuals or universal human rights.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Human Rights

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. States agree on which social, economic, and political rights of individuals are basic or fundamental.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Human Rights

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. The ______ was adopted by the Council of Europe in 1950 to protect citizens’ rights to due process and political participation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: European Human Rights Regime

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The ______ is an international human rights instrument adopted by the nations of the Americas in 1969.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Universal Human Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The ______ is the first human rights commission to be established in Asia in 2009.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Universal Human Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. For over 400 years, the norm of ______ has identified states as the primary actors in international relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Human Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Francis Fukuyama argued that ______, unlike communism and fascism, supplied a sense of equal recognition among individuals and groups that ended the historical quest for domination.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: End of History

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. A basic feature of democracy is that opposing political parties rotate peacefully into and out of power through ______ elections.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Democracy

Difficulty Level: Easy

7.Samuel Huntington listed nine major world ________ (including Western, Orthodox, Confucian or Sinic, and Islamic) that were the most basic divisions of human culture.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Clash of Civilizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. The Arab Spring highlighted the new role of ______ in domestic and international politics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Arab Spring

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. ______ Muslims represent the majority branch of Islam, while ______ Muslims represent a minority sect.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Islam and the Muslim World

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. ________ is a term that refers to war waged for holy or religious reasons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Islam and the Muslim World

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Ayaan Hirsi Ali draws a distinction between ______ Muslims, who are fanatics about religion, and ______ Muslims, who wrestle with maintaining their religious commitments in a modernizing society that challenges their traditions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Islam and the Muslim World

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. ______ describes a status acquired by states strong enough to protect their borders and command the loyalty of their citizens.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nationalism

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. A ______ is constructed when people are willing to submit to the laws of a common government rather than those of separate ethnic or religious groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Constructing Identities

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. In 1968, Iraq fell under the rule of the ______, an Arab Sunni group that advocated secular nationalism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nation Building: Iraq and Afghanistan

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The process through which ethnic groups evolve toward nationhood is better known as ______.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nation Building: Iraq and Afghanistan

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. ______ are those rights inherent in all human beings that are often expressed and guaranteed by law in the forms of treaties, customary international law, general principles, and other sources of international law.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Universal Human Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. The ______ is a 1979 UN convention that broadly prohibits all discrimination against women.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Convention on Women’s Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. What are the three basic features of democracy?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Democracy

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What did Samuel Huntington mean by the clash of civilizations? Does his argument come from the realist, liberal, or identity perspective, and why?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Clash of Civilizations

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. According to Fareed Zakaria, what are illiberal democracies, and how does he advise the United States to go forth in promoting democracy globally?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Religion Trumps Democracy

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. What are the key differences between Sunni Muslims and Shiite Muslims?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Islam and the Muslim World

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. What are the key elements of the UN human rights regime?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: UN Human Rights Commission/Council

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. What are the key elements of the European human rights regime?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: European Human Rights Regime

Difficulty Level: Hard