Test Bank Docx Chapter 4 Health And Wellness

Chapter 4

Health and Wellness

Total

Assessment

Guide

Chapter 4

Health and Wellness

MULTIPLE CHOICE

4-1. Which term refers to the assessment of an event to determine whether its implications are positive, negative, or neutral?

a) psychological review

b) primary appraisal

c) secondary appraisal

d) physiological assessment

Learning Objective: LO 4.1 Explain the experience of stress across the life span.

Topic: The Stages and Origins of Stress

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-2. Theo was flying home from Istanbul when his father unexpectedly died in Des Moines. When told of his father’s death, Theo suffered from symptoms similar to a panic attack. Which term provides the best description of the immediate effect of his father’s death on Theo’s reaction?

a) chronic stressor

b) primary appraisal

c) secondary appraisal

d) acute stressor

Learning Objective: LO 4.1 Explain the experience of stress across the life span.

Topic: The Stages and Origins of Stress

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

4-3. Which term refers to the assessment of whether one’s coping abilities and resources are adequate to overcome the harm, threat, or challenge posed by the potential stressor?

a) psychological review

b) primary appraisal

c) secondary appraisal

d) physiological assessment

Learning Objective: LO 4.1 Explain the experience of stress across the life span.

Topic: The Stages and Origins of Stress

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-4. Rollie assesses how much time it will take to adequately study for his upcoming phlebotomy exam, which he is concerned about. Which process is Rollie engaged in?

a) academic review

b) secondary appraisal

c) primary appraisal

d) applied analysis

Learning Objective: LO 4.1 Explain the experience of stress across the life span.

Topic: The Stages and Origins of Stress

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

4-5. Rollie determines that he doesn’t have enough time to adequately study for his upcoming phlebotomy exam, which he is concerned about. Which process is Rollie engaged in?

a) academic review

b) secondary appraisal

c) primary appraisal

d) applied analysis

Learning Objective: LO 4.1 Explain the experience of stress across the life span.

Topic: The Stages and Origins of Stress

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

4-6. Which field of study examines the interplay among the immune system, the brain, and psychological factors during stress-related events?

a) psychosocial medicine

b) interpersonal health management

c) neuropsychology

d) psychoneuroimmunology

Learning Objective: LO 4.2 Analyze the consequences of stress.

Topic: The Consequences of Stress

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-7. Stress can produce direct physiological effects, such as which of the following?

a) elevated blood pressure

b) psychological disorders

c) decreased hormonal activity

d) increases in immune system functioning

Learning Objective: LO 4.2 Analyze the consequences of stress.

Topic: The Consequences of Stress

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-8. Stress can produce indirect health-related behaviors, such as which of the following?

a) increased and habitual risk-taking behaviors

b) increased compliance with medical advice

c) increased delays in seeking medical care

d) increased likelihood of seeking medical advice

Learning Objective: LO 4.2 Analyze the consequences of stress.

Topic: The Consequences of Stress

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-9. Which term refers to a person’s attempts to control stress by using conscious regulation of emotions?

a) coping

b) emotion-focused coping

c) defensive coping

d) hardiness

Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies for coping with stress.

Topic: Coping With Stress

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-10. Assistance and comfort provided to a person dealing with a stressful situation is also known by what term?

a) counseling

b) social support

c) validation

d) stress management

Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies for coping with stress.

Topic: Coping With Stress

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-11. Esperanza is having a great deal of difficulty in her statistics class. She visits her teacher to discuss ways in which she can improve her skills, or even drop the class if necessary. What kind of coping is Esperanza demonstrating?

a) tertiary coping

b) emotion-focused coping

c) defensive coping

d) problem-focused coping

Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies for coping with stress.

Topic: Coping With Stress

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

4-12. Which term applies to a person’s attempts at coping that involve unconscious strategies that distort or deny the true nature of a situation?

a) emotion-focused coping

b) hardiness

c) defensive coping

d) substitution

Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies for coping with stress.

Topic: Coping With Stress

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-13. Which personality characteristic is associated with a lower rate of stress-related illness?

a) neuroticism

b) anxiety

c) hardiness

d) competitiveness

Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies for coping with stress.

Topic: Coping With Stress

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-14. Abner is consistently able to overcome and withstand adversity that comes his way; in fact, he thrives on meeting and beating serious challenges. Abner is most likely high in __________.

a) hardiness

b) emotional insulation

c) resilience

d) defensive coping

Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies for coping with stress.

Topic: Coping With Stress

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-15. Which term refers to having an improper amount and balance of nutrients in one’s diet?

a) starvation

b) malnutrition

c) ablation

d) undernutrition

Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Analyze the importance of proper nutrition to human development.

Topic: Malnutrition, Obesity, and Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-16. Which term refers to a specific deficiency in a child’s diet?

a) malnutrition

b) undernutrition

c) starvation

d) caloric restriction

Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Analyze the importance of proper nutrition to human development.

Topic: Malnutrition, Obesity, and Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-17. Which disease is produced by severe malnutrition during the first year of life, and causes an infant to stop growing?

a) kwashiorkor

b) nonorganic failure to thrive

c) marasmus

d) rickets

Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Analyze the importance of proper nutrition to human development.

Topic: Malnutrition, Obesity, and Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-18. Which disease affects older children due to malnutrition, and causes their stomachs, limbs, and face to swell with water?

a) scurvy

b) rickets

c) marasmus

d) kwashiorkor

Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Analyze the importance of proper nutrition to human development.

Topic: Malnutrition, Obesity, and Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-19. Infants who receive adequate nutrition but act as though they have been deprived of food, because they are listless and apathetic, are exhibiting signs of which condition?

a) nonorganic failure to thrive

b) marasmus

c) kwashiorkor

d) undernutrition

Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Analyze the importance of proper nutrition to human development.

Topic: Malnutrition, Obesity, and Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-20. Which contributor is likely to be the cause of U.S. children’s inadequate fitness levels?

a) Children eat too sporadically.

b) Children eat a diet that is too dairy dependent.

c) There is no national effort to increase the level of children’s fitness.

d) Children live a sedentary lifestyle.

Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Analyze the importance of proper nutrition to human development.

Topic: Malnutrition, Obesity, and Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

4-21. Which person is statistically least likely to participate in exercise?

a) a 17-year-old African American girl

b) a 14-year-old African American boy

c) a 15-year-old Caucasian American girl

d) a 12-year-old Caucasian American girl

Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Analyze the importance of proper nutrition to human development.

Topic: Malnutrition, Obesity, and Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-22. Which term applies to a severe eating disorder in which individuals refuse to eat, while denying that their behavior and appearance are out of the ordinary?

a) bulimia

b) obesity

c) malnutrition

d) anorexia nervosa

Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Analyze the importance of proper nutrition to human development.

Topic: Malnutrition, Obesity, and Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-23. Gloria is a 17-year-old girl who weighs 82 pounds and is gaunt and frail. Although she fears food and eating, she focuses on food by talking about it, collecting cookbooks, and cooking huge meals for others. Whenever she looks at herself in the mirror, she thinks she is disgustingly fat. Which disorder is Gloria suffering from?

a) anorexia nervosa

b) binge eating

c) bipolar disorder

d) bulimia

Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Analyze the importance of proper nutrition to human development.

Topic: Malnutrition, Obesity, and Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

4-24. Which term refers to an eating disorder characterized by binges on large quantities of food, followed by purges of the food through vomiting or the use of laxatives?

a) anorexia nervosa

b) obesity

c) malnutrition

d) bulimia

Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Analyze the importance of proper nutrition to human development.

Topic: Malnutrition, Obesity, and Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-25. What is considered the greatest risk to the health and well-being of a child?

a) illness

b) nutritional problems

c) accidents

d) neglect

Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Examine threats to health and wellness faced by children and adolescents.

Topic: Threats to Wellness and Health in Childhood and Adolescence

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-26. Which set of factors most likely contributes to the high level of accidents among children?

a) parental neglect, parents working full-time, lack of supervision

b) children’s high level of physical activity, curiosity, lack of judgment

c) dangerous furniture, unsafe living conditions, poor lighting

d) lack of high-quality day care, lack of supervision, poorly trained day-care workers

Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Examine threats to health and wellness faced by children and adolescents.

Topic: Threats to Wellness and Health in Childhood and Adolescence

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

4-27. Which outcome is considered a permanent result of lead poisoning in children?

a) lower intelligence and problems with verbal and auditory processing

b) low weight and inadequate growth

c) loss of appetite

d) depression

Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Examine threats to health and wellness faced by children and adolescents.

Topic: Threats to Wellness and Health in Childhood and Adolescence

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-28. Kris and Sara put their infant son Gabe to bed for his regular afternoon nap. When they went to check on him several hours later Gabe was unresponsive and never woke again. Which term is used for this outcome?

a) REM

b) HAART

c) AZT

d) SIDS

Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Examine threats to health and wellness faced by children and adolescents.

Topic: Threats to Wellness and Health in Childhood and Adolescence

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

4-29. What classification is applied to drugs that produce a biological or psychological dependence in users, leading to increasingly powerful cravings for them?

a) illegal drugs

b) recreational drugs

c) addictive drugs

d) prescription drugs

Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Examine threats to health and wellness faced by children and adolescents.

Topic: Threats to Wellness and Health in Childhood and Adolescence

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-30. Why is binge drinking more problematic for women than men?

a) It leads to women eating less and becoming malnourished.

b) It leads to more urination and bladder control problems in women.

c) When intoxicated, women are more likely to become the victims of violent crimes than men.

d) Women tend to weigh less than men, so their bodies cannot absorb alcohol as efficiently and they become drunk more quickly.

Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Examine threats to health and wellness faced by children and adolescents.

Topic: Threats to Wellness and Health in Childhood and Adolescence

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Analyze It

APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

4-31. Reggie has noticed conspicuous examples of drunkenness around campus, at fraternity parties, social gatherings, and other events. Based on this, he assumes that the majority of students drink heavily, and therefore so should he. What has Reggie fallen prey to?

a) alcoholism

b) the false consensus effect

c) competitive drinking

d) the perils of addiction

Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Examine threats to health and wellness faced by children and adolescents.

Topic: Threats to Wellness and Health in Childhood and Adolescence

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

4-32. Statistically, which person is most likely to experiment with cigarettes and start smoking earlier?

a) Brandy Lynn, a white girl living in a low-socioeconomic-status household

b) Chastity, an African American girl living in a low- socioeconomic-status household

c) Charles, a white boy living in a high- socioeconomic-status household

d) Maurice, an African American boy living in a high- socioeconomic-status household

Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Examine threats to health and wellness faced by children and adolescents.

Topic: Threats to Wellness and Health in Childhood and Adolescence

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-33. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) include which of the following?

a) ringworm

b) human papilloma virus (HPV)

c) influenza

d) yeast infections

Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Examine threats to health and wellness faced by children and adolescents.

Topic: Threats to Wellness and Health in Childhood and Adolescence

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-34. Nunzio is experiencing back pain. His physician tells him the bones attached to his spinal column have become less dense. What is Nunzio’s doctor referring to?

a) wasting process

b) settling process

c) process of physical decline

d) bone disintegration gradient

Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Discuss the general health concerns of adults.

Topic: The Health Concerns of Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

4-35. Ravenna’s bones have become brittle, fragile, and thin. What diagnosis is her physician likely to make?

a) osteoporosis

b) presbyopia

c) melancholia

d) echolalia

Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Discuss the general health concerns of adults.

Topic: The Health Concerns of Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

4-36. Changes in a person’s height and weight during middle adulthood usually are accompanied by a decline in which other attribute?

a) strength

b) skin pigmentation

c) mental acuity

d) feelings of security

Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Discuss the general health concerns of adults.

Topic: The Health Concerns of Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-37. Of the following causes, what do adults in their 20s and 30s have a higher risk of dying from?

a) alcoholism

b) automobile accidents

c) drug abuse

d) suicide

Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Discuss the general health concerns of adults.

Topic: The Health Concerns of Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-38. The “silent killer” in middle adulthood refers to which condition?

a) alcoholism

b) drug addiction

c) tuberculosis

d) hypertension

Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Discuss the general health concerns of adults.

Topic: The Health Concerns of Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-39. Chronic illnesses begin to appear during middle adulthood; how does this affect the death rate during this period?

a) The death rate remains stable.

b) The death rate is about the same as that for young adults.

c) The death rate decreases.

d) The death rate increases.

Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Discuss the general health concerns of adults.

Topic: The Health Concerns of Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

4-40. Which term is used to describe changes in physical functioning that are due to illness, health habits, and other individual differences, but which are not due to increased age itself and are not inevitable?

a) primary aging

b) secondary aging

c) outward aging

d) inward aging

Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Discuss the general health concerns of adults.

Topic: The Health Concerns of Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-41. Along with genetic characteristics, which factor is a major contributor to heart and circulatory disease?

a) cigarette smoking

b) intellectual ability

c) excessive exercise

d) diet low in fats and cholesterol

Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Discuss the general health concerns of adults.

Topic: The Health Concerns of Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

4-42. Behavior that is characterized by competitiveness, impatience, and a tendency toward frustration and hostility is also known by what term?

a) Type B behavior

b) behavioral imbalance

c) Type A behavior

d) polyphasic activation

Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Discuss the general health concerns of adults.

Topic: The Health Concerns of Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-43. Behavior characterized by noncompetitiveness, patience, and a lack of aggression is also known by what term?

a) Type B behavior

b) psychological purity

c) Type A behavior

d) monophasic activation

Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Discuss the general health concerns of adults.

Topic: The Health Concerns of Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-44. Which factor is a leading cause of death in elderly people?

a) auto accidents

b) arthritis

c) Alzheimer’s disease

d) stroke

Learning Objective: LO 4.7 Describe the health risks confronting older adults.

Topic: Health Risks Facing Older Adults

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-45. Maria is a 65-year-old woman who has difficulty managing simple everyday tasks because of the painful swelling of the joints in her hands. What condition is Maria likely to be diagnosed with?

a) arthritis

b) high blood pressure

c) Alzheimer’s disease

d) hypertension

Learning Objective: LO 4.7 Describe the health risks confronting older adults.

Topic: Health Risks Facing Older Adults

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

4-46. What percentage of people over the age of 65 shows some symptoms of a psychological disorder?

a) 10 to 20 percent

b) 15 to 25 percent

c) 25 to 30 percent

d) 30 to 50 percent

Learning Objective: LO 4.7 Describe the health risks confronting older adults.

Topic: Health Risks Facing Older Adults

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-47. Which condition is the most common mental disorder of the elderly, covering several diseases, each of which includes serious memory loss accompanied by declines in other mental functioning?

a) glaucoma

b) dementia

c) Alzheimer’s disease

d) schizoaffective disorder

Learning Objective: LO 4.7 Describe the health risks confronting older adults.

Topic: Health Risks Facing Older Adults

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-48. Which person is statistically most likely to show the symptoms of dementia?

a) Barry, a 63-year-old Caucasian

b) Sondra, an 85-year-old African American

c) Juanita, a 64-year-old Hispanic American

d) Chet, a 67-year-old Asian American

Learning Objective: LO 4.7 Describe the health risks confronting older adults.

Topic: Health Risks Facing Older Adults

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

4-49. Muriel is an 86-year-old woman who tries to function independently but has suffered for several years with forgetfulness, especially with recent memories. She has trouble recalling the names of her best friends when they call on the phone, and she worries that she may have a form of dementia. What disorder is Muriel likely to have?

a) Alzheimer’s disease

b) Huntington’s disease

c) Cushing syndrome

d) Parkinson’s disease

Learning Objective: LO 4.7 Describe the health risks confronting older adults.

Topic: Health Risks Facing Older Adults

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

4-50. What occurs during the final stage of Alzheimer’s disease?

a) People lose their sense of smell.

b) People have trouble recalling particular words during conversation.

c) People demonstrate unusual forgetfulness.

d) People lose voluntary control of their muscles and are bedridden.

Learning Objective: LO 4.7 Describe the health risks confronting older adults.

Topic: Health Risks Facing Older Adults

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-51. When the production of beta amyloid precursor protein goes awry and produces clumps of cells that trigger inflammation and deterioration of nerve cells, what condition results?

a) Huntington’s disease

b) Alzheimer’s disease

c) Moebius syndrome

d) Parkinson’s disease

Learning Objective: LO 4.7 Describe the health risks confronting older adults.

Topic: Health Risks Facing Older Adults

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-52. Which attribute is a contributor to developing Alzheimer’s disease?

a) predisposed genetic inheritance

b) a diet rich in protein

c) vegetarian diets

d) increased stress levels

Learning Objective: LO 4.7 Describe the health risks confronting older adults.

Topic: Health Risks Facing Older Adults

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

4-53. Starting in the 1940s, why did pediatricians recommend bottle-feeding over breastfeeding?

a) Bottle-feeding formula contained more nutrients.

b) Parents could keep track of the amount of milk the baby was receiving.

c) Bottle-feeding offered significant emotional advantages to the mother.

d) Bottle-fed babies were more responsive to their mothers.

Learning Objective: LO 4.8 Describe how good nutrition in childhood promotes wellness later in life.

Topic: Good Diet: The Foundation of Wellness

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

4-54. Child-care authorities currently agree that for the first 12 months of life, there is no better food an infant should receive than what?

a) bottle formula

b) cow’s milk

c) goat’s milk

d) mother’s breast milk

Learning Objective: LO 4.8 Describe how good nutrition in childhood promotes wellness later in life.

Topic: Good Diet: The Foundation of Wellness

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-55. Marlo and Thomas are preparing for the birth of their baby, and are trying to decide whether to breastfeed or bottle-feed using formula. Which reason should persuade them to decide to breastfeed?

a) Breast milk contains fewer nutrients and prevents childhood obesity.

b) Breast milk offers some immunity to childhood diseases.

c) Breast milk is cheaper than store-bought formula.

d) Breastfeeding promotes bonding with the father.

Learning Objective: LO 4.8 Describe how good nutrition in childhood promotes wellness later in life.

Topic: Good Diet: The Foundation of Wellness

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

4-56. Regular exercise improves a person’s overall physical health by improving which of the following?

a) dietary intake

b) lung capacity

c) brain density

d) sensory organ functioning

Learning Objective: LO 4.9 Explain how exercise can affect health and longevity.

Topic: Exercise: Use It or Lose It?

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-57. Which sex-related problem faces men during middle adulthood?

a) less time to achieve an erection

b) endurance decreases

c) volume of ejaculate increases

d) testosterone declines

Learning Objective: LO 4.10 Examine the nature of sexuality in later life.

Topic: Sexuality

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-58. The cessation of menstruation is also known as what?

a) climacteric

b) “hot flashes”

c) progesterone

d) menopause

Learning Objective: LO 4.10 Examine the nature of sexuality in later life.

Topic: Sexuality

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-59. Dr. Sardonicus is teaching a group of medical students. Her lecture focuses on the period beginning around 10 years prior to menopause, when hormone production begins to change. What topic is Dr. Sardonicus discussing?

a) premenopause

b) hormone inception

c) the climacteric

d) perimenopause

Learning Objective: LO 4.10 Examine the nature of sexuality in later life.

Topic: Sexuality

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

4-60. How do most researchers currently view menopause?

a) It is responsible for producing the majority of mood disorders in middle adulthood.

b) It is regarded as a normal part of the aging cycle.

c) It is responsible for increased diagnosis of anxiety attacks among middle-aged women.

d) It produces severe irritability.

Learning Objective: LO 4.10 Examine the nature of sexuality in later life.

Topic: Sexuality

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

4-61. For men, the period of physical and psychological change in the reproductive system is referred to by which term?

a) male climacteric

b) testosterone inhibition

c) male menopause

d) impotence

Learning Objective: LO 4.10 Examine the nature of sexuality in later life.

Topic: Sexuality

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-62. How is having a genetic predisposition to a disease related to contracting that disease?

a) A predisposition toward a disease means that the person will contract the disease.

b) Having a predisposition to a disease is unrelated to contracting that disease.

c) A predisposition makes a disease more likely, but it does not guarantee that the disease will be contracted.

d) Identifying a predisposition means that effective treatments can begin early, and the disease can be thoroughly avoided.

Learning Objective: LO 4.11 Explain how wellness can be maintained in old age.

Topic: Wellness in Old Age: Avoiding the Inevitable?

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Analyze It

APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

4-63. The goal of social services workers is to help senior citizens attain what outcome?

a) longer periods between illnesses

b) longer lives

c) longer active lifespans

d) increased mental capabilities

Learning Objective: LO 4.11 Explain how wellness can be maintained in old age.

Topic: Wellness in Old Age: Avoiding the Inevitable?

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4-64. What are the two major factors that determine whether an elderly person can engage in sexual activity?

a) family approval and personal sexual history

b) participation in an exercise program and whether they have an available partner

c) good physical and mental health and previous sexual activity

d) the level of testosterone in men and the level of estrogen in women

Learning Objective: LO 4.11 Explain how wellness can be maintained in old age.

Topic: Wellness in Old Age: Avoiding the Inevitable?

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

ESSAY QUESTIONS

4-65. Summarize strategies for coping with stress, and apply each strategy to coping with the stress of an upcoming exam.

• Seek control of situations that produce stress. When an upcoming exam is first announced, prepare a study plan to effectively manage time.
• Redefine a perceived “threat” as a “challenge.” Exams are just that; examinations of one’s knowledge. See the test as an opportunity to display talents.
• Take advantage of family, friends, and telephone hotlines, all part of a social support system. Forming a study group might be helpful.
• Develop relaxation techniques to reduce physiological arousal. An hour of studying followed by 15 minutes of meditation makes for a solid plan.
• Maintain a healthful lifestyle through good nutrition, exercise, adequate sleep, and avoiding or reducing use of alcohol, tobacco, or drugs. Slamming down caffeinated drinks to stay awake while studying for 26 hours straight is a bad idea.
• Remember that stress is a natural part of life, can keep life interesting, and can be a gratifying experience when viewed in the proper perspective. Do you want to be in college? If so, there will be exams. It’s part of the this experience that presumably you want to have.

Learning Objective: LO 4.3: Describe strategies for coping with stress.

Topic: Coping with Stress

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

4-66. Explain the causes of eating disorders, and discuss why causality is a complex puzzle.

• Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia, have multiple, interacting causes.
• Dieting often precedes the onset of an eating disorder, and the urge to diet itself can be spurred by social standards of beauty, fitness, or desirability.
• A need for control or success may play a psychological role in eating disorders.
• Early maturation, which is biological in nature, contributes to the onset of disorders. Other biological explanations stem from evidence from twin studies and evidence from hormones.
• Psychological disorders, such as depression, can play a role, but even parental demands for perfection offer a psychological component as well.
• Social and cultural norms can’t be denied; messages from media, advertising, and so on, have an impact.
• Eating disorders therefore represent a complex blend of multifaceted causes, each of which is likely to interact with others. Like any disorder, identifying causality is an important step toward identifying treatment, which may explain why treatment of eating disorders is also a multifaceted affair.

Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Analyze the importance of proper nutrition to human development.

Topic: Malnutrition, Obesity, and Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

4-67. Explain how children can become exposed to lead, and how lead poisoning can harm children.

• Despite legal restrictions on the amount of allowable lead in paint and gasoline, lead is still found on painted walls and window frames in older homes, and in ceramics, lead-soldered pipes, and automobile and truck exhaust.
• Exposure to lead has been linked to lower intelligence, problems in verbal and auditory processing, and hyperactivity.
• High lead levels have also been linked to higher levels of antisocial behavior, including aggression and delinquency.
• At even higher levels, lead poisoning results in illness and death.

Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Examine threats to health and wellness faced by children and adolescents.

Topic: Threats to Wellness and Health in Childhood and Adolescence

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

4-68. Explain why Latinos are one of the least likely ethnic groups in America to seek a physician’s help when they are ill.

• Survey data demonstrate that Latinos from Central America, South America, or the Caribbean believe that God is testing their faith when they get ill. Latinos tend to believe in supernatural causes of illness, such as a hex, or punishment from God for lack of faith.
• Researchers believe that cultural health beliefs, demographics, and psychological barriers reduce Latinos’ use of medical care.
• Health-care practitioners need to take cultural beliefs into consideration when working with this population.

Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Discuss the general health concerns of adults.

Topic: The Health Concerns of Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

4-69. Explain how regular moderate exercise in middle age affects the nervous and circulatory systems.

• Exercise helps combat the slow decline in impulses by the central nervous system, and helps address the variations in the speed of motor neuron impulses.
• Exercise helps maintain the ratio between good and bad cholesterol levels.
• It reduces the risk of high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke.

Learning Objective: LO 4.9 Explain how exercise can affect health and longevity.

Topic: Exercise: Use It or Lose It?

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

REVEL QUIZZES

The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Life Span Development, Fourth Edition.

Quiz: Stress and Coping

EOM Q4.1.1

According to psychologists Arnold Lazarus and Susan Folkman, the secondary appraisal stage of dealing with stress is focused on __________.

a) identifying the specific nature of the potential threat

b) evaluating the implications of the threat

c) assessing whether one can cope with the challenge

d) marshaling resources and social supports to face the threat

Learning Objective: LO 4.1 Explain the experience of stress across the life span.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember

EOM Q4.1.2

__________ is the field that studies the relationship among the brain, the immune system, and psychological factors.

a) Behavioral genetics

b) Psychoneuroimmunology

c) Neurobiology

d) Psychosomatology

Learning Objective: LO 4.2 Analyze the consequences of stress.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember

EOM Q4.1.3

According to current research, which of the following is a consequence of stress?

a) decreased functioning of the immune system

b) greater longevity

c) increased sleep

d) lowered blood pressure

Learning Objective: LO 4.2 Analyze the consequences of stress.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Understand

EOM Q4.1.4

A man struggling at two jobs while attending community college at night constantly tells himself to cheer up because things will get better and he should congratulate himself for having a job at all. This is an example of __________.

a) problem-focused coping

b) defensive self-deception

c) emotion-focused coping

d) emotional insulation

Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies for coping with stress.

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply

EOM Q4.1.5

The ability to withstand, overcome, and actually thrive following profound adversity is called __________.

a) indomitability

b) resilience

c) resistance

d) hardiness

Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies for coping with stress.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Understand

Quiz: Illness and Well-Being

EOM Q4.2.1

Which of the following statements about malnutrition and undernutrition is correct?

a) Malnutrition is less severe than undernutrition.

b) Malnutrition is more severe than undernutrition.

c) Sometimes malnutrition is more severe and sometimes undernutrition is more severe.

d) Malnutrition and undernutrition are two terms describing the same issue.

Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Analyze the importance of proper nutrition to human development.

Difficulty: Difficult

Skill: Analyze

EOM Q4.2.2

__________, an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging, poses real risks, including the possibility of a chemical imbalance that can trigger heart failure.

a) Anorexia nervosa

b) Systematic starvation

c) Bulimia

d) Undernutrition

Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Analyze the importance of proper nutrition to human development.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Understand

EOM Q4.2.3

In addition to abstinence from sex, what is an effective way to prevent the human papilloma virus (HPV)?

a) vaccines

b) antibiotics

c) oral contraceptives

d) intravenous drugs

Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Examine threats to health and wellness faced by children and adolescents.

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Remember

EOM Q4.2.4

Physical declines brought about by an individual’s behavioral choices or environmental factors are referred to as __________ aging.

a) social

b) secondary

c) voluntary

d) attitudinal

Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Discuss the general health concerns of adults.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Understand

EOM Q4.2.5

Alzheimer’s is produced when there is a malfunction in the production of __________.

a) nerve synapses

b) dentine in the brain

c) beta amyloid precursor protein

d) photosynthesis

Learning Objective: LO 4.7 Describe the health risks confronting older adults.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember

Quiz: Promoting Health and Wellness

EOM Q4.3.1

Guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics suggest that babies should start eating solid foods at around __________ months.

a) 2

b) 6

c) 12

d) 18

Learning Objective: LO 4.8 Describe how good nutrition in childhood promotes wellness later in life.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember

EOM Q4.3.2

The health benefits of exercise are seen after only __________.

a) 30 minutes of moderate exercise twice a week

b) 30 minutes of moderate exercise at least 5 days a week

c) 30 minutes of sustained vigorous exercise with no pause once a week

d) as little as 10 minutes of mild exercise twice a week

Learning Objective: LO 4.9 Explain how exercise can affect health and longevity.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember

EOM Q4.3.3

Menopause marks the end of a woman’s natural __________.

a) fertility

b) production of estrogen

c) sex drive

d) production of progesterone

Learning Objective: LO 4.10 Examine the nature of sexuality in later life.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember

EOM Q4.3.4

One change that occurs frequently during the male climacteric is __________.

a) cessation of the production of testosterone

b) enlargement of the prostate gland

c) dulling of sexual appetite

d) increased moodiness and depression

Learning Objective: LO 4.10 Examine the nature of sexuality in later life.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember

EOM Q4.3.5

Which of the following is a psychological factor in determining a person’s susceptibility to serious illness as aging occurs?

a) family history of cancer or heart disease

b) lifestyle choices such as smoking or diet

c) economic well-being

d) a sense of control over one’s living environment

Learning Objective: LO 4.11 Explain how wellness can be maintained in old age.

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply

Chapter Quiz: Health and Wellness

EOC Q4.1

According to psychologists Arnold Lazarus and Susan Folkman, the primary appraisal stage of dealing with stress is focused on __________.

a) assessing the implications of a potentially stress-inducing event

b) seeking preliminary ways to avoid or deflect potential stressors

c) evaluating whether one’s personal resources are up to the challenge

d) designing a coping strategy to deal with the threat

Learning Objective: LO 4.1 Explain the experience of stress across the life span.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember

EOC Q4.2

One recent educational trend that appears to be increasing stress among school-age children is __________.

a) an increased insistence on physical education and nutrition

b) a lack of structure in the school day and academic schedule

c) an increased emphasis on testing and homework

d) decreased funding of art and music programs

Learning Objective: LO 4.1 Explain the experience of stress across the life span.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Understand

EOC Q4.3

According to current research, which of the following is an indirect effect of stress?

a) increased blood pressure

b) failure to exercise regularly

c) decreased immune system response

d) increased hormonal activity

Learning Objective: LO 4.2 Analyze the consequences of stress.

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply

EOC Q4.4

Unconscious strategies to distort or deny the seriousness of a potentially stressful situation or to insulate oneself from feeling its effects are called __________.

a) defensive coping

b) deflections

c) avoidance coping

d) minimalization

Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies for coping with stress.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Understand

EOC Q4.5

A woman stressfully juggling a job, a college course, and a young child at home arranges a better schedule with her boss, calls two of her professors to change the due dates on major course assignments, and asks her day care provider for extended hours of care two evenings per week. This is an example of __________.

a) emotion-focused coping

b) emergency problem-solving

c) problem-focused coping

d) three-dimensional scheduling

Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies for coping with stress.

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply

EOC Q4.6

Anorexia nervosa is a severe disorder in which __________.

a) individuals refuse to eat

b) boys are more often affected than girls

c) individuals maintain a normal weight by engaging in binge eating and purging

d) lack of exercise leads to obesity

Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Analyze the importance of proper nutrition to human development.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember

EOC Q4.7

The most common STI, the human papilloma virus (HPV), can produce __________.

a) a painful discharge

b) sterility

c) genital warts

d) blindness

Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Examine threats to health and wellness faced by children and adolescents.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember

EOC Q4.8

Which of the following chronic diseases begins to routinely affect people in middle adulthood?

a) prostate cancer

b) Alzheimer’s disease

c) Type 2 diabetes

d) liver failure

Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Discuss the general health concerns of adults.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember

EOC Q4.9

The Type B behavior pattern is characterized by __________.

a) aggression

b) concern for quality

c) competitiveness

d) patience

Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Discuss the general health concerns of adults.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Understand

EOC Q4.10

__________ is defined as a progressive brain disorder that produces memory loss and confusion.

a) Chronic depression

b) Alzheimer’s disease

c) Neural hypertension

d) Cerebral arthritis

Learning Objective: LO 4.7 Describe the health risks confronting older adults.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember

EOC Q4.11

Which of the following statements about breast feeding is true?

a) Breast milk offers some immunity to childhood diseases.

b) Portion control is easier with breast milk than with bottled milk.

c) Cow’s milk is more easily digested than breast milk.

d) Breast milk must be sterilized before it is safe for the baby.

Learning Objective: LO 4.8 Describe how good nutrition in childhood promotes wellness later in life.

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply

EOC Q4.12

What effect does exercise have on bones?

a) Exercise reduces bone thickening.

b) Exercise reduces bone thinning.

c) Exercise expands bones.

d) Exercise compresses bones.

Learning Objective: LO 4.9 Explain how exercise can affect health and longevity.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Understand

EOC Q4.13

Which of the following statements about sexuality in middle adulthood is true?

a) Because of physical changes in women, sexual activity becomes increasingly painful, and should be avoided.

b) Although the production of estrogen in women declines, the production of testosterone in men increases.

c) Because of physical changes in men, sexual appetite usually declines sharply.

d) For those who can—or choose to—enjoy it, sex contributes to wellness across the life span, a fact that applies to old age as well as to younger periods of life.

Learning Objective: LO 4.10 Examine the nature of sexuality in later life.

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Remember

EOC Q4.14

Which of the following 66-year-old women illustrates an environmental factor that may affect her susceptibility to serious illness ahead?

a) Alma is concerned because her mother and grandmother both died of colon cancer.

b) Bess knows the risks of smoking but continues to smoke a pack a day.

c) Clara is always cheerful and laughs off the inevitable arrival of death.

d) Darna loves that her new condo permits her to walk to town when she wants to.

Learning Objective: LO 4.11 Explain how wellness can be maintained in old age.

Difficulty: Difficult

Skill: Analyze

EOC Q4.15

It is estimated that between __________ percent of elderly people do not have adequate nutrition in the United States.

a) 15 and 50

b) 15 and 25

c) 0 and 25

d) 50 and 75

Learning Objective: LO 4.11 Explain how wellness can be maintained in old age.

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember