Test Bank Docx Ch.38 | Human Diseases Caused By Viruses And

Prescott's Microbiology, 11e (Willey)

Chapter 38 Human Diseases Caused by Viruses and Prions

1) In influenza virus, antigenic shift ________.

A) results from reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell

B) results from the accumulation of mutations in HA and NA in a single strain of flu virus

C) can result in major epidemics or pandemics

D) results from reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell and can result in major epidemics or pandemics

2) The rash associated with German measles is most likely caused by ________.

A) the virus infecting the cells of the skin

B) the virus infecting the cells of the dermal layer beneath the skin

C) an immunological reaction to the virus

D) All of the choices are correct.

3) Antigenic variation is common in influenza B and C but is rare in influenza A.

4) Chickenpox is caused by the ________ virus.

A) rubella

B) rubeola

C) coxsackievirus B

D) varicella

5) The reactivated form of chickenpox is called ________.

A) rubella

B) adenovirus

C) herpes zoster

D) rubeola

6) German measles is caused by the ________ virus.

A) rubella

B) herpes-zoster

C) reovirus

D) coxsackievirus A

7) Women of childbearing age should be vaccinated against ________.

A) chickenpox

B) German measles

C) shingles

D) influenza A

8) Congenital rubella syndrome usually occurs in the time frame of the ________.

A) first trimester of pregnancy

B) second trimester of pregnancy

C) third trimester of pregnancy

D) entire pregnancy

9) Antigenic variation occurs almost yearly with the influenza ________ virus.

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

10) Which of the following drugs has been shown to reduce the duration and symptoms of influenza?

A) Penicillin

B) AZT

C) Oseltamivir

D) Acyclovir

11) Mumps is caused by a(n) ________.

A) morbillis virus

B) paramyxovirus

C) adenovirus

D) synctial virus

12) Acute respiratory viruses cause ________.

A) rhinitis

B) tonsillitis

C) bronchitis

D) All of the choices are correct.

13) Which of the following did not play a role in the eradication of smallpox?

A) Ease of diagnosis by readily recognized clinical features

B) No known reservoir outside of human hosts

C) A short period of infectivity

D) The availability of effective antiviral agents that block replication

E) All of these characteristics played a role in the eradication of smallpox

14) Koplik's spots are small red lesions with a white center that form in the mouth and are associated with ________.

A) mumps

B) measles

C) chickenpox

D) flavivirus infection

15) Which of the following syndromes may result from infection by an arthropod-borne virus?

A) Fevers of undifferentiated type with or without a rash

B) Encephalitis, often with a high fatality rate

C) Hemorrhagic fevers

D) All of the choices are correct.

16) West Nile virus has been detected in ________ states of the United.States.

A) 25

B) 50

C) 47

D) 10

17) Which of the following does not transmit the AIDS virus?

A) Semen

B) Blood

C) Vaginal secretions

D) Mosquitoes

18) Colds are common because ________.

A) domestic animals serve as a persistent reservoir

B) immunity once obtained is not protective

C) there is a lack of effective antiviral drugs

D) of the antigenic diversity of the rhinoviruses and the lack of long-lasting immunity

19) Which of the following is known to activate the genital herpes virus?

A) Sunlight

B) Stress

C) Sex hormones

D) All of the choices are correct.

20) Which of the following is not associated with genital herpes?

A) Congenital herpes

B) Cervical cancer

C) Miscarriages

D) Aplastic crisis

21) Large-scale screening of blood for the hepatitis B virus uses an assay designed to detect ________.

A) the Delta agent

B) the Dane particle

C) viral surface antigens

D) alanine transaminase

22) The leading reason for liver transplantation in the United States is ________.

A) hepatitis C

B) hepatitis B

C) hepatitis A

D) hepatitis D

23) Control measures for hepatitis B include ________.

A) excluding contact with contaminated materials

B) passive immunotherapy within 7 days of exposure

C) vaccination of high-risk groups

D) All of the choices are correct.

24) Which of the following can stimulate a reactivation of the virus that causes cold sores?

A) Physical stress (fever, cold winds, trauma, hormonal changes)

B) Emotional stress

C) Ultraviolet light

D) All of the choices are correct.

25) Which of the following is the typical mode of transmission for hepatitis C?

A) Contaminated blood and blood products

B) Inhalation of droplets

C) Bite from body louse

D) Contaminated shellfish

26) Which of the following drugs is (are) effective against cold sores?

A) Valcyclovir and acyclovir

B) Amantadine

C) AZT and ddC

D) Protease inhibitors such as ritonavir

27) Acyclovir is the drug used to treat genital herpes; it ________.

A) cures the disease

B) reduces the healing time

C) lyses the virus

D) All of the choices are correct.

28) Which of the following is correct about the protease inhibitor drugs designed to treat HIV infection?

A) They slow the progress of the disease

B) They cure the disease

C) They prevent entry of the virus into cells

D) They result in lysis of virus particles

29) Hepatitis can be caused by cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus as well as by the hepatitis viruses.

30) The Epstein-Barr virus is the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis.

31) Antiviral drugs are frequently used for the treatment of infectious mononucleosis.

32) The formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies is associated with cytomegalovirus infection.

33) Warts or verrucae are caused by the papillomaviruses.

34) Plantar warts represent a sexually transmitted disease.

35) The most likely mode of transmission of the common cold is by hand-to-hand contact between a rhinovirus donor and a susceptible recipient.

36) Coinfection with HIV and Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) can greatly promote the development of cancer in AIDS patients.

37) The AIDS virus becomes established in cells bearing the ________ receptor.

38) A type of cancer associated with AIDS is ________ sarcoma.

39) Cold sores or fever blisters are caused by the ________ ________ virus.

40) A major cause of blindness in the United States that results from the HSV-1 virus is ________ ________.

41) Most drugs used to slow the progress of AIDS fall into which of the following categories?

A) Reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors

B) Topoisomerase inhibitors

C) RNA polymerase II inhibitors

D) Protein synthesis inhibitors

42) The main route of transmission of the poliovirus is ________.

A) body contact

B) fomites

C) food and water

D) respiratory secretions

43) Infectious hepatitis (hepatitis A) is usually transmitted by ________.

A) ingestion of fecal-contaminated food or drink

B) sexual activity

C) contaminated blood

D) inhalation of droplets

44) Acute viral gastroenteritis can be caused by the ________.

A) norovirus and the rotavirus group

B) cytomegalovirus and hepatitis E

C) the Delta agent

D) varicella zoster virus and rubeola virus

45) Acute viral gastroenteritis is the leading cause of death in ________.

A) children worldwide

B) children in the United.States

C) children in developing countries

D) children in day care centers

46) Prevention and control of rabies includes ________.

A) pre-exposure vaccination of dogs and cats

B) post-exposure vaccination of humans

C) pre-exposure vaccination of humans at high risk

D) All of the choices are correct.

47) The rabies virus is transmitted to humans by ________.

A) the bite of an infected animal

B) aerosols of the virus that can be present in caves where bats roost

C) contamination of scratches with saliva from an infected animal

D) All of the choices are correct.

48) Negri bodies are produced within  _______ of rabies-infected humans.

A) skeletal muscle

B) connective tissue

C) brain neurons

D) the skin

49) Who should be vaccinated against rabies?

A) Nurses

B) Farmers

C) Veterinarians

D) Physicians

50) The Ebola virus causes ________.

A) encephalitis

B) pulmonary syndrome

C) hemorrhagic fever

D) lassa fever

51) Which of the following is a disease of humans that is probably caused by a prion and was originally associated with cannibalism?

A) Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease

B) Creutzfeld-Jakob disease

C) Kuru

D) Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker and Creutzfeld-Jakob diseases

E) Both Creutzfeld-Jakob disease and kuru

F) Both Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease and kuru

52) Iatrogenic CJD has been transmitted by all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) human growth hormone

B) corneal grafts

C) liver transplants

D) grafts of dura mater

53) One hundred fifty-one deaths have been attributed to vCJD in the United.States.

54) Consider the possibility of a mutation occurring in a strain of avian influenza virus, which enables the bird-specific strain to readily infect humans. Such a mutation would most likely result in changes within the ________.

A) viral capsid

B) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

C) HA protein

D) nucleoprotein (NP)

55) What critical role is often played by pigs in the epidemiology of influenza virus?

A) Pigs are the reservoir for influenza virus and most humans become infected by contact with respiratory secretions of pigs.

B) Pigs are the reservoir for influenza viruses and disease can be transmitted to humans by consuming undercooked pork.

C) Pigs can become infected simultaneously with both human, avian, and swine varieties of influenza viruses, providing an opportunity for genetic recombination resulting in antigenic shift.

D) Pigs harbor influenza viruses that are much more virulent than avian strains and human strains.

56) Arthropod-borne encephalitis would show less seasonality in a tropical or subtropical climate than what is seen in a temperate climate.

57) Most cases of viral gastroenteritis are accompanied by high fevers.

58) Which of the following is the most common outcome of infection with polio virus?

A) Paralysis of the lower extremities

B) Paralysis involving the muscles that enable respiration

C) Severe gastrointestinal disease with vomiting and diarrhea

D) Mild infection with fever, headache, sore throat, or asymptomatic

59) What characteristics of polio virus and infection make it possible that this disease will likely be eradicated? (Check all that apply.)

A) Polio virus has no animal reservoirs.

B) There is an effective vaccine that prevents polio.

C) There is effective antiviral therapy for polio infection.

60) What is the most likely reason why Reston ebolavirus does not cause human disease?

A) The human body temperature prohibits viral replication.

B) Human tissues lack the appropriate receptors for this viral strain.

C) Humans have antibodies that prevent establishment of infection with this viral strain.

D) Human interferons prevent the establishment of infection with this viral.

61) What is the most likely reason that bats, raccoons, and foxes readily become infected with the rabies virus, whereas opossums are resistant to infection?

A) The rabies virus is unable to replicate once it has entered the opossum cells.

B) Infected opossums do not shed rabies virus in their saliva.

C) Opossums lack the appropriate receptor for the rabies virus.

D) Opossums rarely contact other infected animals.

62) Preventing prion contamination of food would prevent all prion diseases.

63) Which of the following are members of the Togaviridae? (Check all that apply.)

A) Alphavirus that causes Equine encephalitis

B) Chikungunya virus

C) Dengue virus

D) West Nile virus

64) A young man visits his doctor complaining of mild fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis. Which arthropod-borne virus could be responsible for his symptoms?

A) Zika virus

B) Dengue virus

C) Chikungunya virus

D) West Nile virus

65) Which of the following has not been found in the United States?

A) Eastern equine encephalitis

B) Western equine encephalitis

C) Venezuelan equine encephalitis

D) All of these strains have been found in the United States.

66) Guillain-Barré syndrome is a possible complication of the Chikungunya and Zika virus infections.