Chapter 14: Creating a Culture of Innovation

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. ______ is the practical, material, and human application of scientific knowledge.

A. Technology

B. Mechanization

C. Automation

D. Machinery

Learning Objective: 14.1: Summarize innovation’s role in the advancing marketplace of the future.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Innovate? Designing the Future

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Using a pencil to write is an example of ______.

A. mechanization

B. automation

C. machinery

D. technology

Learning Objective: 14.1: Summarize innovation’s role in the advancing marketplace of the future.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Innovation and Technology

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. ______ is defined as the collaborative process of translating creative ideas into something of value.

A. Technology

B. Innovation

C. Modernization

D. Permutation

Learning Objective: 14.1: Summarize innovation’s role in the advancing marketplace of the future.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Innovation and Technology

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. A team that regularly successfully adapts its creative ideas into something of value may be said to be ______.

A. profitable

B. technologically competent

C. innovative

D. modernizing

Learning Objective: 14.1: Summarize innovation’s role in the advancing marketplace of the future.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Innovation and Technology

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which of the following is not one of the factors that continually drive innovation?

A. advances

B. desires

C. needs

D. autonomy

Learning Objective: 14.1: Summarize innovation’s role in the advancing marketplace of the future.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Drivers of Innovation

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Which of the following is perhaps the most fundamental driver of innovation?

A. desires

B. needs

C. advances

D. crisis

Learning Objective: 14.1: Summarize innovation’s role in the advancing marketplace of the future.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Innovation From Needs

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. A nonprofit that develops rapidly deployable temporary shelter to address a larger than expected need following a natural disaster is an example of innovation driven by ______.

A. wishes

B. desires

C. needs

D. advances

Learning Objective: 14.1: Summarize innovation’s role in the advancing marketplace of the future.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Innovation From Needs

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. The innovation that emerges from Hollywood is driven by what driver of innovation?

A. advances

B. desire

C. needs

D. performance

Learning Objective: 14.1: Summarize innovation’s role in the advancing marketplace of the future.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Innovation From Desires

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. A new composite material that is cheaper and more durable for building houses is an example of what driver of innovation?

A. advances

B. needs

C. iteration

D. desire

Learning Objective: 14.1: Summarize innovation’s role in the advancing marketplace of the future.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Innovation From Advances

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Creativity and innovation are two closely related concepts that are often confused. What is the primary difference between them?

A. Creativity relies upon innovation but takes longer.

B. Innovation relies upon creativity but goes a step further to produce something of value.

C. Innovation relies upon creativity and tends to come easily.

D. Creativity requires divergent thinking, whereas innovation requires convergent thinking.

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Understanding Innovation

Difficulty Level: Hard

11. ______ is two or more people working together to create or achieve greater success than can be achieved individually.

A. Convergent thinking

B. Dimensional thinking

C. Collaboration

D. Innovation

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Collaborative Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. If you join with a friend to create a new student organization in order to advocate for change on campus, this is an example of ______.

A. convergent thinking

B. innovation

C. creativity

D. collaboration

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Defining a Problem

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. ______ is the key to innovative leadership.

A. Proactively exploring problems

B. Being highly creative

C. Strong vision

D. Clear communication

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Defining a Problem

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. A strongly defined problem often reads as a ______.

A. story

B. challenge

C. narrative

D. history lesson

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Defining a Problem

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. ______ is the mental process of finding a single best solution to a problem.

A. Elevated thinking

B. Narrow thinking

C. Convergent thinking

D. Divergent thinking

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Translating Ideas

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. After 2 days spent generating as many possible solutions to a problem as possible, a team then pivots to narrowing those ideas down to the most viable solution. This narrowing process is an example of ______.

A. convergent thinking

B. creativity

C. divergent thinking

D. innovation

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Translating Ideas

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. ______ requires that an innovation generate enough revenue to sustain the organization.

A. Creativity

B. Economic viability

C. The principle of leverage

D. Macroeconomics

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Translating Ideas Into Something of Value

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Groups must sometimes resist the urge to choose a solution too soon into the brainstorming phase. This temptation is an example of which skill being used inappropriately?

A. divergent thinking

B. collaboration

C. creativity

D. convergent thinking

Learning Objective: 14.3: Demonstrate convergent thinking techniques for innovation.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Diverge for Creativity, Converge for Innovation

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. ______ is evaluating ideas by comparison with a standard.

A. Benchmarking

B. Convergent thinking

C. Divergent thinking

D. Collaboration

Learning Objective: 14.3: Demonstrate convergent thinking techniques for innovation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Benchmarking

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. The technique known as ______ is a method for quickly evaluating a large number of ideas in order to identify those that are both original and realistic.

A. Force Field Analysis

B. How? Now, Wow!

C. Benchmarking

D. $100 test

Learning Objective: 14.3: Demonstrate convergent thinking techniques for innovation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How? Now, Wow!

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. ______ is a technique used to analyze elements of an idea both for and against it.

A. How? Now, Wow!

B. $100 test

C. Force Field Analysis

D. Benchmarking

Learning Objective: 14.3: Demonstrate convergent thinking techniques for innovation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Force Field Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Which of the following is not a convergent thinking technique?

A. Force Field Analysis

B. True source analysis

C. How? Now, Wow!

D. Benchmarking

Learning Objective: 14.3: Demonstrate convergent thinking techniques for innovation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Diverge for Creativity, Converge for Innovation

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. The ______ is a technique that asks team members to allocate money among a range of suitable ideas to determine the most viable idea.

A. $100 test

B. Force Field Analysis

C. Benchmarking

D. How? Now, Wow!

Learning Objective: 14.3: Demonstrate convergent thinking techniques for innovation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The $100 Test

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. If you want to design the future and create an environment that promotes creativity, one of the most logical starting places it to invest in ______.

A. the futures market

B. political candidates

C. education

D. breakthrough technologies

Learning Objective: 14.4: Compare design-thinking dispositions to innovation culture.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Design Thinking for Innovation Culture

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Developing clear ______ is one of the most effective ways for leaders to employ design thinking in building a culture of innovation.

A. organizational values

B. play in the workplace

C. promotion standards

D. recruiting expectations

Learning Objective: 14.4: Compare design-thinking dispositions to innovation culture.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Design Thinking for Innovation Culture

Difficulty Level: Hard

26. ______ may be defined as the recurring, often dynamic, patterns of behaviors, attitudes, and feelings that characterize what it is like to work within an organization.

A. Organizational culture

B. Organizational values

C. Organizational reputation

D. Organizational climate

Learning Objective: 14.5: Apply the dimensions of the brain to innovation for individuals and teams.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Creating a Climate of Innovation With the Dimensions of the Brain

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Which of the following is not one of the three most useful dimension of the brain most useful for designing an organizational climate?

A. reflective

B. dispositional

C. social

D. constructive

Learning Objective: 14.5: Apply the dimensions of the brain to innovation for individuals and teams.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Creating a Climate of Innovation With the Dimensions of the Brain

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. The most impactful leaders maintain ______ communication with teams about the positive and negative aspects of the working environment.

A. strategic

B. innovative

C. open and honest

D. empathetic

Learning Objective: 14.5: Apply the dimensions of the brain to innovation for individuals and teams.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Creating a Climate of Innovation With the Dimensions of the Brain

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Which of the following is not a way to actively support the social dimension of creativity and innovation?

A. nurture a strong sense of community

B. build the freedom to make mistakes and room to fail

C. reward teams that take appropriate risks

D. maintain focused and independent work groups

Learning Objective: 14.5: Apply the dimensions of the brain to innovation for individuals and teams.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Social Dimension: Collaboration and Community

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Which of the following is not a way to actively support the constructive dimension of creativity and innovation?

A. provide opportunity to travel

B. build a culture of rapid decision-making

C. explore societal mental models when implementing ideas

D. provide opportunity to get involved with a culture different from their own

Learning Objective: 14.5: Apply the dimensions of the brain to innovation for individuals and teams.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Constructive Dimension: Seeking and Seeing Different

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Which of the following is not a way to actively support the reflective dimension of creativity and innovation?

A. draw a clear line between officially assigned tasks and hobby projects

B. structure meetings to keep the most productive part of the day open for creative work

C. provide opportunities for people to relax during the work

D. encourage team members to exercise after long meetings

Learning Objective: 14.5: Apply the dimensions of the brain to innovation for individuals and teams.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Reflective Dimension: Time, Space, and Structure

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. The ______ Effect is a phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled than common things.

A. Von Restorff

B. Butterfly

C. Van Allen

D. Barnum

Learning Objective: 14.5: Apply the dimensions of the brain to innovation for individuals and teams.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Leadership by Design

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. A friend is more likely to remember a story of you running into a celebrity 6 months ago than what you ate for lunch yesterday because it is more surprising and unusual. This is an example of which design principle?

A. Comparison

B. Closure

C. Von Restorff Effect

D. Manipulation

Learning Objective: 14.5: Apply the dimensions of the brain to innovation for individuals and teams.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reflective Dimension: Time, Space, and Structure

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Organizations that fail to ______, and choose instead to hold on to current technology, inevitably become as obsolete at the technology they embrace.

A. reward their employees

B. innovate

C. capture a large market share

D. nurture convergent thinking

Learning Objective: 14.1: Summarize innovation’s role in the advancing marketplace of the future.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Innovation and Technology

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. What type of leaders read the future marketplace, continually questioning the market and the process, and iterating existing ideas?

A. innovative leaders

B. charismatic leaders

C. vocal leaders

D. economic leaders

Learning Objective: 14.1: Summarize innovation’s role in the advancing marketplace of the future.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Innovation and Technology

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. The levels of what model contribute a set of needs and thus provide potential for future innovation?

A. ADKAR model of change

B. lateral organizational model

C. vertical operational model

D. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Learning Objective: 14.1: Summarize innovation’s role in the advancing marketplace of the future.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Innovation From Needs

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. Effective ______ requires leader who are able to clearly define the problems they are seeking to solve.

A. collaborators

B. characters

C. heroes

D. designers

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Collaborative Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. Only by clearly defining a ______ are you able to identify areas for exploration, select measures to solve problems, and articulate a clear vision of the solution to share with others.

A. mission statement

B. problem

C. vision

D. communication plan

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Defining a Problem

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. What part of the TUBRIC problem-solving tool asks you to pick a word or phrase to create a question out of the problem?

A. action/challenge

B. frame

C. person/entity

D. audience/purpose

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Defining a Problem

Difficulty Level: Medium

40. What part of the TUBRIC problem-solving tool asks you to write down the group who is taking action?

A. action/challenge

B. frame

C. person/entity

D. audience/purpose

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Defining a Problem

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. What part of the TUBRIC problem-solving tool requires a strong a concise verb followed by a challenge?

A. action/challenge

B. frame

C. person/entity

D. audience/purpose

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Defining a Problem

Difficulty Level: Medium

42. What part of the TUBRIC problem-solving tool requires that you clarify the outcomes you are envisioning?

A. action/challenge

B. frame

C. person/entity

D. audience/purpose

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Defining a Problem

Difficulty Level: Medium

43. The innovation type ______ is how you make money.

A. Process--core

B. Finance--business model

C. Delivery--brand

D. Offerings--product performance

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Translating Ideas Into Something of Value

Difficulty Level: Medium

44. The innovation type ______ is how you join forces with other companies for mutual benefit.

A. process--core

B. finance--business model

C. delivery--brand

D. finance--networks and alliances

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Translating Ideas Into Something of Value

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. The innovation type ______ is how you support the company’s core processes and workers.

A. process--enabling

B. finance--business model

C. delivery--brand

D. finance--networks and alliances

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Translating Ideas Into Something of Value

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. The innovation type ______ is how you create and add value to your offerings.

A. process--enabling

B. process--core

C. delivery--customer experience

D. finance--networks and alliances

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Translating Ideas Into Something of Value

Difficulty Level: Medium

47. The innovation type ______ is how you link and/or provide a platform for multiple products.

A. process--enabling

B. offerings--product system

C. delivery--customer experience

D. finance--networks and alliances

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Translating Ideas Into Something of Value

Difficulty Level: Medium

48. The innovation type ______ is how you provide value to customers and consumers beyond and around your products.

A. process--enabling

B. offerings--product system

C. delivery--customer experience

D. offerings--service

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Translating Ideas Into Something of Value

Difficulty Level: Medium

49. The innovation type ______ is how you get your offerings to market.

A. process--enabling

B. offerings--product system

C. delivery--channel

D. offerings--service

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Translating Ideas Into Something of Value

Difficulty Level: Medium

50. The innovation type ______ is how you communicate your offerings.

A. process--enabling

B. offerings--product system

C. delivery--brand

D. offerings--service

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Translating Ideas Into Something of Value

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Name the three drivers of innovation.

Learning Objective: 14.1: Summarize innovation’s role in the advancing marketplace of the future.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Drivers of Innovation

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What is the most fundamental driver of innovation?

Learning Objective: 14.1: Summarize innovation’s role in the advancing marketplace of the future.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Innovation From Needs

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Identify an example of each driver of innovation.

Learning Objective: 14.1: Summarize innovation’s role in the advancing marketplace of the future.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Drivers of Innovation

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Define innovation.

Learning Objective: 14.1: Summarize innovation’s role in the advancing marketplace of the future.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Innovation and Technology

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The levels of what model contribute a set of needs and thus provide potential for future innovation?

Learning Objective: 14.1: Summarize innovation’s role in the advancing marketplace of the future.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Innovation From Needs

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Define collaboration.

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Collaborative Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. According to the problem-solving tool TUBRIC, what are the four “blanks” you must fill in to complete a problem statement?

Learning Objective: 14.2: Interpret innovation as a process and how it differs from creativity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Defining a Problem

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. The “Understanding the problem, person, process, context” phase of the design thinking process contains what two design-thinking dispositions?

Learning Objective: 14.4: Compare design-thinking dispositions to innovation culture.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Design Thinking for Innovation Culture

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The “Imagine the possibilities and impossibilities” phase of the design-thinking process contains what three design-thinking dispositions?

Learning Objective: 14.4: Compare design-thinking dispositions to innovation culture.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Design Thinking for Innovation Culture

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. The “Implement, assess, iterate” phase of the design-thinking process contains what two design-thinking dispositions?

Learning Objective: 14.4: Compare design-thinking dispositions to innovation culture.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Design Thinking for Innovation Culture

Difficulty Level: Medium