Test Bank Chapter 8 Theories Of Media And Human Development

Chapter 8 Theories of Media and Human Development

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 8, Question 1

1) Research indicates that regularly viewing of television portrayals of highly attractive persons can lead to ____.

Feedback: Women who are frequently exposed to thin-ideal media are more likely to be dissatisfied with the way they looked and to take dangerous steps to modify their body shapes.

Page reference: Media and Children’s Development

a. greater enjoyment of TV programs

b. greater satisfaction with one’s self

c. greater dissatisfaction with one’s body

d. a clearer and more accurate view of one’s body

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 8, Question 2

2) It is likely that regular viewing of advertising by children will ____.

Feedback: Much research centers on the advertising to kids of junk food and sugared snacks, linking it to epidemic levels of obesity in American children.

Page reference: Media and Children’s Development

a. decrease interest in alcohol

b. decrease their weight

c. increase preference for high-calorie and low-nutrient foods

d. Make them more appreciative of their parents

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 8, Question 3

3) The dual-factor model of social media use claims our engagement with social media is motivated by the need to belong and the need________.

Feedback: The need for self-presentation refers to the continuous process of impression management.

Page reference: Growing Up Connected: New Personal Technologies and Development

a. for self-presentation

b. for self-esteem

c. to stay current

d. to not miss out

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 8, Question 4

4) The idea that we use social media to communicate our actual identities is the ________.___________

Feedback: Profiles tend to integrate various sources of personal information that mirror those found in personal environments, private thoughts, facial images, and social behavior.

Page reference: Growing Up Connected: New Personal Technologies and Development

a. idealized virtual identity hypothesis

b. fear of missing out

c. extended real-life hypothesis

d. dual-factor model of social media use

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 8, Question 5

5) The idea that social media users tend to show idealized characteristics that don't represent who they are is the ______.

Feedback: This occurs less frequently than commonly assumed.

Page reference: Growing Up Connected: New Personal Technologies and Development

a. idealized virtual identity hypothesis

b. fear of missing out

c. dual-factor model of social media use

d. idealized virtual identity hypothesis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 8, Question 6

6) _________ occurs when children’s value as consumers trumps their value as people, threatening their physical, psychological, social, emotional, and spiritual development.

Feedback: Critical theorists believe that children inhabit a cultural landscape in which, increasingly, they can only recognize themselves in terms preferred by the market.

Page reference: Overview

a. Adultification

b. Reinforcement

c. Objectification

d. Kinderculture

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 8, Question 7

7) Shirley Steinberg contends that the writers of children’s and adolescent’s “cultural curriculum” are not educational agencies but rather commercial concerns that operate not for the social good but for individual gain, leading to __________, the corporate construction of childhood.

Feedback: A critical theorist, she argues that there are so few oppositional institutions to challenge corporate hegemony, so corporations have free reign to produce almost any kinderculture that is profitable.

Page reference: Media and Children’s Development

a. adultification

b. reinforcement

c. objectification

d. kinderculture

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 8, Question 8

8) One potentially negative effect of our over-reliance on our smartphones is that their mere presence, even if we’re not using them, reduces our available cognitive capacity, a phenomenon researchers call____.

Feedback: Even if users are successful at maintaining sustained attention, for example avoiding the temptation to check their phones, the mere presence of these devices reduces available cognitive capacity.

Page reference: Growing Up Connected: New Personal Technologies and Development

a. nomophobia

b. the brain drain hypothesis

c. neural plasticity

d. fear of missing out (FOMO)

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 8, Question 9

9) There is evidence that the simole lack of easy access to a smartphone can create a negative feeling in users that can be relieved only through reconnection with their beloved device, a phenomenon researchers call____.

Feedback: The easiest way to ameliorate its discomfort? Reconnection.

Page reference: Growing Up Connected: New Personal Technologies and Development

a. nomophobia

Correct/Incorrect

b. the brain drain hypothesis

Correct/Incorrect

c. neural plasticity

Correct/Incorrect

d. fear of missing out (FOMO)

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 8, Question 10

10) The social skills model of problematic SNS use argues that ______.

Feedback: Social network use can become excessive or habitual, especially if users’ primarily use social networking to escape from negative moods.

Page reference: Growing Up Connected: New Personal Technologies and Development

a. effective social media use is a learned skill

b. some people are simply better at communication online than are others

c. users who prefer communication with others face-to-face are at greater risk of succumbing to addiction

d. users who prefer communication with others online are at greater risk of succumbing to addiction

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 8, Question 11

11) You go to Facebook expecting to pass an enjoyable few minutes before class, but what you encounter there just makes you unhappy. You have experienced ______.

Feedback: The discrepancy between the expected and actual emotions generated by social networking activity produces declines in users’ mood.

Page reference: Growing Up Connected: New Personal Technologies and Development

a. fear of missing out (FOMO)

b. nomophobia

c. brain drain

d. affective forecasting error

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 8, Question 12

12) _______ is the idea that people, in order to satisfy their need to evaluate their own opinions and abilities and to reduce uncertainties they may have about themselves, make comparative judgments of various aspects of the lives and experiences of those around themselves.

Feedback: That comparison can be either upward, where people see others as superior in

some aspect, or downward, where the comparison leads them to think themselves

superior.

Page reference: Growing Up Connected: New Personal Technologies and Development

a. Media primacy theory

b. Social comparison theory

c. Fear of missing out (FOMO)

d. Transactive memory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 8, Question 13

13) Superpeer theory states that __________.

Feedback: There is much effects research demonstrating that media consumption, especially of television and video games, can impede children’s and young people’s development.

Page reference: Media and Children’s Development

a. kids spend so much time with media they have fewer friends

b. friends will always be kids’ most important peers

c. parents will ultimately be children’s “superpeer”

d. media are like powerful best friends in sometimes making risky behaviors seem like normative behavior

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 8, Question 14

14) Children achieve ______ when they understand that mental states are representational, can be private, and can change and differ across individuals.

Feedback: Prior to Theory of Mind development, children believe that everyone perceives and participates in the same reality.

Page reference: Media and Children’s Development

a. Theory of Mind

b. maturity

c. self-complexity

d. Scope of Self

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 8, Question 15

15) The idea that young people learn about sex through snippets of information they collect from a variety of sources from which they piece together memory structures that shape their attitudes, expectations, and behaviors surrounding sex is __________.

Feedback: Those sources can include including peers, formal sex education, media, parents, and religion.

Page reference: Media and Children’s Development

a. Theory of Mind

b. objectification

c. scripting theory

d. adultification

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 8, Question 16

16) There is no clear research evidence that exposure to thinness depicting and promoting media leads to distorted body-image perception in school-age females and college women.

Feedback: There is significant research evidence that women who are frequently exposed to thin ideal media are more likely to be dissatisfied with the way they look.

Page reference: Media and Children’s Development

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 8, Question 17

17) Objectification theory springs from drawn from feminist critical theory.

Feedback: It argues that girls and women are typically acculturated to internalize an observer’s perspective as a primary view of their physical selves.

Page reference: Media and Children’s Development

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 8, Question 18

18) Children near 7 or 8 years old can distinguish between commercials and other content and they understand the commercials’ selling intent.

Feedback: They don’t develop the cognitive skill to understand ads’ persuasive intent until sometime after 10 years old.

Page reference: Media and Children’s Development

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 8, Question 19

19) The concept of the “early window” suggests that children encounter the world through television before they are developmentally capable of competently interacting with it.

Feedback: Television escorts children across the globe even before they have permission to cross the street.

Page reference: Media and Children’s Development

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 8, Question 20

20) The U.S. government is a global leader in protecting children from potentially harmful effects of advertising.

Feedback: Of all the industrialized nations in the world, the United States is alone in relying solely on industry self-regulation to protect young people from advertising.

Page reference: Media and Children’s Development

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 8, Question 21

21) Eight- to eighteen-year-olds spend more time with media than in any other activity besides (maybe) sleeping.

Feedback: Media are among the most powerful forces in young people’s lives today.

Page reference: Overview

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 8, Question 22

22) Preschool children who have a television in the bedroom and are exposed to higher levels of background television tend to more quickly develop Theory of Mind.

Feedback: The opposite is the case because TV is only one important source of interaction, information, and socialization for these children.

Page reference: Media and Children’s Development

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 8, Question 23

23) Self-complexity is the ability to see oneself as having different self-concepts across different situations.

Feedback: Adolescents high in self-complexity can better manage the inevitable emotional and physical challenges that come with growing up.

Page reference: Media and Children’s Development

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 8, Question 24

24) Researcher Kristen Harrison discovered declines in adolescents’ self-complexity occurred at about 40 hours of TV viewing per week.

Feedback: Declines showed with as little as 20 hours a week because of TV’s presentation of only a narrow slice of the vast diversity in real-world human existence.

Page reference: Media and Children’s Development

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 8, Question 25

25) Critics argue that advertising to children is inherently deceptive because young children do not have the cognitive capacity to discern what is and is not true in that advertising.

Feedback: If it is deceptive to bypass the defenses that adults are presumed to have when they are aware that advertising is addressed to them, then it must likewise be considered unfair and deceptive to advertise to children in whom these defenses do not yet exist.

Page reference: Media and Children’s Development

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 8, Question 26

26) Subjective well-being involves both how people feel about themselves in the moment and how satisfied they are, in general, with their own lives.

Feedback: Subjective well-being is strongly related to a wide variety of beneficial life outcomes, such as better health and a longer life, career success, and greater marital satisfaction.

Page reference: Growing Up Connected: New Personal Technologies and Development

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 8, Question 27

27) Because people tend to post the best aspects of themselves and their experiences on social networking sites, most user social comparison is typically downward.

Feedback: Looking at the “best” in others leads to upward comparison as users judge themselves against those “superior” depictions.

Page reference: Growing Up Connected: New Personal Technologies and Development

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 8, Question 28

28) Because self-complexity develops as young people encounter different situations, relationships, and social roles, and they do so in large part through interaction with television, increased viewing leads to increased self-complexity.

Feedback: The opposite is more likely the case, in part because of the narrow scope of most television portrayals and media use, itself an activity, may interfere with other real-world opportunities for growth.

Page reference: Media and Children’s Development

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 8, Question 29

29) Relatively few youthful smartphone users say that they spend too much time on their devices.

Feedback: Half say they are “overwhelmed by the drama” they experience online and say they spend too much time there.

Page reference: Growing Up Connected: New Personal Technologies and Development

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 8, Question 30

30) Research indicates that passive social network use leads to lower levels of subjective well-being and active use boosts levels.

Feedback: Passively using social network sites provokes social comparisons and envy.

Page reference: Growing Up Connected: New Personal Technologies and Development

a. True

b. False