Test Bank Chapter 6 Inequality, Mobility, And Social Change

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 1

1) Inequality is

Page reference: See section “What is Inequality?”

a. a person’s movement up or down the socioeconomic hierarchy.

b. your sense of mobility compared to your peers’ mobility.

c. spending money in order to impress others.

d. the unequal distribution of money, power, or status.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 2

2) What explanation of social inequality did Aristotle offer?

Feedback Aristotle argued that inequality was good for society because it allowed more talented people to rise to leadership in society.

Page reference: See section “What is Inequality?”

a. Inequality is a consequence of the exploitation of the powerless by the powerful.

b. Inequality is a motivation for people who have less to work harder.

c. Inequality reflects natural differences in people’s abilities.

d. Inequality is the result of rewarding jobs that are more important to society more than ones that are less important.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 3

3) Who argued that the existence of social relationships leads to social comparisons and, ultimately, to the desire for personal gain and advantages?

Page reference: See section “What is Inequality?”

a. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

b. Aristotle

c. Charles Tilly

d. Kingsley Davis and Wilbert E. Moore

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 4

4) Compared to categorical inequality, relative deprivation

Page reference: See section “What is Inequality?”

a. is less of a source of poor quality of life.

b. is a greater source of poor quality of life.

c. has no impact on quality of life.

d. has an equivalent impact on quality of life.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 5

5) Societies with higher levels of inequality also tend to have higher levels of all of the following except

Page reference: See section “What is Inequality?”

a. infant mortality.

b. mental illness and drug addiction.

c. literacy.

d. incarceration rates.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 6

6) Each of the following saw inequality as a positive force in society except

Page reference: See section “What is Inequality?”

a. Kingsley Davis and Wilbert E. Moore.

b. Aristotle.

c. Adam Smith.

d. Karl Marx.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 7

7) Mr. Denniston owns a mid-sized business. He sets wages based on the contribution that the employee makes to the business. Mr. Denniston subscribes to which theory of inequality?

Page reference: See section “What is Inequality?”

a. World systems theory

b. Marginal productivity theory

c. Davis theory of inequality

d. Moore theory of inequality

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 8

8) What field of study do sociologists draw the metaphor of stratification from?

Page reference: See subsection “Inequality and Stratification.”

a. Geography

b. Astronomy

c. Anthropology

d. Geology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 9

9) Marx argued that societies were divided into these two classes.

Page reference: See section “Types of Stratification.”

a. The self-sufficient and the dependent

b. The private sector and the public sector

c. The business owners and the property owners

d. The dominant and the dominated

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 10

10) Each of the following is an example of a caste system except the

Page reference: See section “Types of Stratification.”

a. system of slavery in the American colonies and, later, the US South.

b. junior college and four-year college system in the US.

c. apartheid system in South Africa.

d. caste system used in India for 3,000 years (until it was recently outlawed).

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 11

11) _______ describes inequality between groups of people who are very different from each other, whereas _______ describes our sense of inequality between ourselves and others like us.

Page reference: See subsection “Is Inequality Good or Bad?”

a. Categorical inequality, relative deprivation

b. Relative mobility, absolute mobility

c. Cultural capital, degree and inequality

d. Contentious politics, structural mobility

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 12

12) What is stratification, sociologically speaking?

Page reference: See section “Types of Stratification.”

a. Small differences between people who are relatively alike to which those people assign little meaning

b. A description of structured patterns of inequality between different groups of people

c. The effort to reduce inequality using social policy

d. A combination of educational attainment, occupational prestige, and wealth and income that determines where you stand in comparison to your peers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 13

13) In what decade did India’s laws change to prohibit strict discrimination based on what social group you were born into?

Page reference: See section “Types of Stratification.”

a. 1930s

b. 1950s

c. 1970s

d. 1990s

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 14

14) South Africa’s apartheid system divided people into these racial groups.

Page reference: See Paired Concept box “Ending Apartheid in South Africa.”

a. White, Bantu (Black Africans), Colored (people of multiple races), and Asian

b. Brahmin, Shudra, Dalit

c. White, Black, mixed race

d. Native African, Dutch

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 15

15) Which statement about class systems below is accurate?

Page reference: See section “Types of Stratification.”

a. The world has fewer class-based societies than in the past.

b. Many advanced democracies have achieved economic equality in their societies.

c. In today’s global economy, the advantages that were once available to people who control economic means of production are disappearing.

d. In today’s global economy, the people who control the means of economic production have more advantages than ever.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 16

16) According to Max Weber, class systems function most effectively when they are

Page reference: See section “Types of Stratification.”

a. highly diverse.

b. in competition with each other.

c. open to innovation from newcomers.

d. organized around status groups.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 17

17) Which is an example of a status group?

Page reference: See section “Types of Stratification.”

a. A college fraternity

b. The members of Costco, a store where you are able to buy items in bulk

c. A book club that meets together regularly to read literary novels

d. A Dungeons and Dragons club that meets together regularly to play the fantasy game

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 18

18) Those who engage in high-status behavior and who form, protect, and benefit from institutions that create a community of privilege and control are said to be

Page reference: See section “Types of Stratification.”

a. a party system.

b. elites.

c. vertically mobile.

d. conspicuous consumers.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 19

19) In what kind of system does power and privilege come from the effective leadership of important organizations?

Page reference: See section “Types of Stratification.”

a. Class system

b. Caste system

c. Party system

d. Status system

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 20

20) Compared to other stratification systems, a party system is

Page reference: See section “Types of Stratification.”

a. more rigid and more ascriptive.

b. more rigid but less ascriptive.

c. less rigid but more ascriptive.

d. less rigid and less ascriptive.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 21

21) In a meritocracy, you advance in status based on

Page reference: See section “Types of Stratification.”

a. your family history.

b. your nation of origin.

c. your dedication.

d. your abilities on exams and other formal tests of your ability.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 22

22) Each of the following defines the middle class except the

Page reference: See section “A Portrait of Stratification Today.”

a. ability to live off profit from investments rather than salary.

b. group whose income matches the median income for households in the US.

c. group whose annual income is between 66 percent and 200 percent of the median income for their household size.

d. social expectations, personal aspirations, and consumption patterns we associate with people of the middle class, such as home ownership and college attendance.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 23

23) Which represents the kinds of occupations that people in the upper-middle class hold?

Page reference: See section “A Portrait of Stratification Today.”

a. Physicians, lawyers, engineers

b. Fast-food line cook, telemarketing and call center jobs, cashier

c. Branch managers, accountants, oil drill operators

d. Nail salon technician, hotel housekeeper, wait staff

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 24

24) Which represents the kinds of occupations that people in the middle class hold?

Page reference: See section “A Portrait of Stratification Today.”

a. Physicians, lawyers, engineers

b. Fast-food line cook, telemarketing and call center jobs, cashier

c. Branch managers, accountants, oil drill operators

d. Nail salon technician, hotel housekeeper, wait staff

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 25

25) Which represents the kinds of occupations that people in the lower-middle class hold?

Page reference: See section “A Portrait of Stratification Today.”

a. Physicians, lawyers, engineers

b. Fast-food line cook, telemarketing and call center jobs, cashier

c. Branch managers, accountants, oil drill operators

d. Nail salon technician, hotel housekeeper, wait staff

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 26

26) The first poverty-line measurement was calculated by calculating the cost for the minimum amount of food required to feed each member of a family, and considering other costs, such as housing, relative to food, and

Page reference: See section “A Portrait of Stratification Today.”

a. making that amount the poverty line.

b. multiplying that amount by three.

c. multiplying that amount by five.

d. multiplying that amount by eight.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 27

27) From the list below, what is the least amount of money a family of four could earn and not be considered poor by the federal government in 2019?

Page reference: See section “A Portrait of Stratification Today.”

a. $20,000

b. $30,000

c. $40,000

d. $50,000

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 28

28) People in the working poor are poor

Page reference: See section “A Portrait of Stratification Today.”

a. despite being employed for at least half of the year.

b. because they took the risk of a well-paying job in an unstable industry and were eventually laid off.

c. because they frequently quit jobs.

d. by choice in order to avoid paying income taxes.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 29

29) Which statement is true about stratification today?

Page reference: See subsection “Global Stratification.”

a. It is more pronounced within nations than between them.

a. The inequality between nations is equivalent to the inequality within them.

c. It is more pronounced between nations than within them.

d. It has lessened over the last 200 years.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 30

30) In 2019, prior to the global pandemic, 1 percent of the global population possessed what percentage of all global net worth?

Page reference: See subsection “Global Stratification.”

a. Slightly more than 5%

b. Slightly more than 15%

c. Slightly more than 30%

d. Slightly more than 40%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 31

31) The world’s poor are disproportionately

Page reference: See subsection “Global Stratification.”

a. North American.

b. white.

c. male.

d. young.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 32

32) Which sociologist developed world systems theory?

Page reference: See subsection “Global Stratification.”

a. Karl Marx

b. Immanuel Wallerstein

c. Max Weber

d. Adam Smith

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 33

33) Kaitlyn’s job has transferred her within the company to a new city, where she will do the same work for the same pay. Here, she will have to meet new friends and form new social relationships. What kind of mobility is Kaitlyn experiencing?

Page reference: See section “Social Mobility.”

a. Horizontal mobility

b. Vertical mobility

c. Absolute mobility

d. Relative mobility

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 34

34) You are purchasing a new home. You complain to your grandmother that the house is only 2,600 square feet. She points out that this is twice the size of the average house when she was buying her first home 50 years ago. Your grandmother’s point is that you have experienced

Page reference: See section “Social Mobility.”

a. horizontal mobility.

b. vertical mobility.

c. absolute mobility.

d. relative mobility.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 35

35) Candace purchased her first home in 2008, right before the Great Recession. During the Great Recession, the value of her home plummeted, and she has never been able to fully recover financially. In contrast, her younger sister purchased her first home in 2013, and it has increased steadily in value and quickly came to surpass the value of Candace’s home. This change in her sister’s status compared to her own has frustrated Candace since they made similarly wise financial decisions and were equally responsible about home ownership. What form of mobility is causing Candace distress?

Page reference: See section “Social Mobility.”

a. Horizontal mobility

b. Vertical mobility

c. Absolute mobility

d. Relative mobility

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 36

36) Linking Social Security payments to a person’s employment history may

Page reference: See Paired Concept box “Creating Social Security.”

a. distinguish between people who were considered deserving and undeserving of government financial support in their old age

b. ensure that people would not take more in Social Security benefits than they put in

c. ensure that people paid their own Social Security benefits rather than relying on future earners for it

d. ensure that all people would be eligible for Social Security benefits

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 37

37) Which of the following is an example of violent contentious politics?

Page reference: See section “Social Change and the Attempt to Create More Equality.”

a. Labor strikes

b. Rioting

c. Civil disobedience

d. Voting

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 38

38) Contentious politics attempt to draw attention to an issue in order to

Page reference: See section “Social Change and the Attempt to Create More Equality.”

a. work through respectful and familiar channels for social change.

b. engage in public debates about an issue.

c. educate people on the multiple sides of an issue.

d. force people to take a side in a conflict.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 39

39) Our socioeconomic status is comprised of more than just our economic standing, so

Page reference: See Case Study “The Bachelor: Crystallizing Stratification on TV.”

a. a person can be privileged in some ways but not in others.

b. a person’s privilege in one area makes their privilege in another inevitable.

c. there is rarely a connection between privilege in different areas.

d. privilege is in the eye of the individual experiencing it.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 40

40) By presenting only affluent men as contestants on The Bachelor, the show reinforces the idea that

Page reference: See Case Study “The Bachelor: Crystallizing Stratification on TV.”

a. a man is desirable as a husband because he is wealthy.

b. men of more modest means are less handsome.

c. men who are wealthy will be more loving fathers.

d. women today are not seeking a mate to provide for them financially since women are able to be financially independent.