Ch4 Socialization, Social Interaction, And Group Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 1

1) When people are taught, whether through implicit instruction or modeling, how to act, think, and even feel, according to the rules of their culture, they are experiencing

Page reference: See section “Socialization and Selfhood.”

a. socialization.

b. generalization.

c. normalization.

d. bureaucratization.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 2

2) When sociologists say that “nature and nurture interact,” what do they mean?

Page reference: See section “Socialization and Selfhood.”

a. Biological factors established before birth, such as our genes, are influential over our social lives, but biological factors that appear after we are born, such as injuries and illnesses, are not.

b. While biology is one factor that shapes our bodies and our health, social factors also impact these.

c. We expect that, in the future, researchers will be able to locate the exact genes responsible for different social outcomes.

d. Biology and social forces are equally influential over social outcomes in our lives.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 3

3) Which statement is accurate about adults who are socially isolated?

Page reference: See section “Socialization and Selfhood.”

a. They die younger after having worse mental and physical health.

b. They have worse mental and physical health, but they do not die younger than better-connected adults.

c. They report higher levels of happiness, citing social isolation as a source of relief, not stress, for themselves.

d. They experience worse physical health and die younger than their peers, but they do not have worse mental health.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 4

4) The theory of the looking glass self says that

Page reference: See section “Socialization and Selfhood.”

a. people are vain and so look to others who physically look like themselves as role models.

b. we develop a social self based on how we think other people perceive us.

c. people cannot “see” themselves clearly unless someone forces them do so by pointing out their weaknesses.

d. the process of socialization is so delicate that people rarely forget even the most minor corrections or insults.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 5

5) What happens, according to George Herbert Mead, during the play stage of child development?

Page reference: See section “Socialization and Selfhood.”

a. Children invent games with complicated rules in order to establish authority among their peers.

b. Children watch adult behavior such as swearing and flirting, during their childhood.

c. Children pretend to be other people, like a parent or a doctor or a teacher, which helps them understand the world from others’ perspectives.

d. Children change the rules of games as they play in order to advantage themselves and practice manipulation.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 6

6) What happens, according to George Herbert Mead, during the game stage of child development?

Page reference: See section “Socialization and Selfhood.”

a. Children invent games to impress each other with their creativity.

b. Children become very upset when others cheat because they value fairness, but they invent exceptions to the rules when doing so benefits them.

c. Children seek their parents’ attention by arguing with their friends and siblings over the rules of games.

d. Children learn problem-solving skills, including how to get along with peers when they disagree about the rules of play.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 7

7) For Mead, who comprises the “generalized other”?

Page reference: See section “Socialization and Selfhood.”

a. People in society in general, but not specific individuals

b. People who are close friends

c. People in our primary groups

d. People in our reference groups

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 8

8) When sociologists say that socialization is a force of social control, what do they mean?

Page reference: See section “Socialization and Selfhood.”

a. Socialization is an explicit process, one that often uses violence and the threat of physical force to ensure compliance.

b. Most people regret their participation in the socialization process of others after the fact, but when they are participating in socializing another person, they are unaware of what they are doing.

c. When we comply with agents of socialization, our individual consciences feel at peace because we are consistently acting in ways that we think are right.

d. Through socialization, we internalize the rules of our culture so that violence or physical threats are not required to make us comply. We learn the rules so well that we don’t even think of ourselves as complying with them—instead, we are just acting “normally.”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 9

9) The process by which social standards of normal behavior are used to judge people and to reform those who are determined not to be normal is called

Page reference: See section “Socialization and Selfhood.”

a. socialization.

b. bureaucratization.

c. generalization.

d. normalization.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 10

10) Which item is part of the hidden curriculum for children in the early years of school?

Page reference: See section “Socialization and Selfhood.”

a. How to ask a question without disrupting class

b. How to identify shapes

c. How to skip a rope in Physical Education

d. How to write their names

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 11

11) As we move through childhood, _______ tend to become a more powerful socializing force, while the influence of _______ may diminish.

Page reference: See section “Socialization and Selfhood.”

a. families; peer groups

b. media; schools

c. peer groups; families

d. schools; families

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 12

12) James’ parents have forbidden him from driving a snowmobile, saying that he has not shown the maturity necessary to drive one. One day he attends an ice-fishing trip with some friends, all of whom are permitted to drive snowmobiles. When James tells his friends that he is not permitted by his parents to drive a snowmobile, they tease him for being controlled by his parents and unwilling to act independently. Still, James refuses to break his parents’ rules. James has just successfully navigated

Page reference: See section “Socialization and Selfhood.”

a. peer pressure.

b. adult socialization.

c. the hidden curriculum.

d. resocialization.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 13

13) Which event is likely to support the formation of a generation?

Page reference: See section “Socialization and Selfhood.”

a. Assassination of a president

b. Death of a dear grandparent

c. Lingering illness

d. The addition of a new wing to your high school

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 14

14) Which statement about socialization during old age is not true?

Page reference: See section “Socialization and Selfhood.”

a. Most people are financially well prepared for old age and find that they can live a lifestyle familiar to them long after retirement.

b. Many older workers retire before they are emotionally or financially ready to.

c. Forging a new identity apart from employment can be difficult for many people.

d. Peer groups get smaller as friends and loved ones die.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 15

15) What is the thesis of Annette Lareau’s book Unequal Childhoods?

Page reference: See subsection “Adult Socialization.”

a. Wealthy parents pay other people to do the work of rearing their children. In contrast, poor parents spend more time caring for their children on their own.

b. Wealthy parents are more likely to teach their children to be assertive with adults and to engage the adult world, while poorer parents are more likely to maintain a division between children and adult worlds.

c. Knowing that their children lack the same opportunities as wealthy children, poor parents work hard starting from the birth of their children to make them competitive for college admissions.

d. Parenting style has more of an impact on wealth than wealth does on parenting style.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 16

16) If you want to change your achieved status, you need to change your _______; if you want to change your ascribed status, you need to change _______.

Page reference: See subsection “Status and Role.”

a. mindset; your actions

b. attitude; your treatment of others

c. actions; how people see you

d. values; your behaviors

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 17

17) What is one reason we accept the presentation of self that others perform?

Page reference: See subsection “Performance and the Social Self.”

a. Efforts to correct them are rarely successful.

b. We don’t want to cause them embarrassment.

c. We are not invested enough in others to make the effort to correct them.

d. We mistrust our own insights into their behaviors because we have been taught to trust the words of powerful people.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 18

18) Socialization contributes to the social construction of reality because it

Page reference: See the subsection “Status and Role.”

a. encourages us to listen to our gut when we see a misalignment between someone’s behaviors and the values they claim to have.

b. teaches people in a society what is “natural” and makes it harder for them to consider alternatives to the way things are in a society.

c. rewards people who challenge unfair power dynamics.

d. discourages consumer consumption.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 19

19) Which is an achieved status?

Page reference: See subsection “Status and Role.”

a. Being a person with juvenile diabetes (also called Type I diabetes)

b. Being a tall person

c. Being a swimmer

d. Being a natural blonde

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 20

20) Which is an ascribed status?

Page reference: See subsection “Status and Role.”

a. Being an honor roll student

b. Being Latina

c. Being a member of a sorority

d. Being a tutor

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 21

21) In any given situation, we have to figure out which of the many _______ we hold is most relevant, which in turn helps us decide which roles to enact.

Page reference: See subsection “Status and Role.”

a. social networks

b. looking-glass selves

c. organizational cultures

d. statuses

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 22

22) Role strain occurs when

Page reference: See subsection “Status and Role.”

a. multiple roles that we hold make conflicting demands on us.

b. one role makes conflicting demands on us.

c. the role we are given is defined by someone else, with little or no input from us.

d. our personal goals have changed but our role has not and we are frustrated by the misalignment of goals and roles.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 23

23) Role conflict occurs when

Page reference: See subsection “Status and Role.”

a. multiple roles that we hold make conflict demands on us.

b. one role makes conflicting demands on us.

c. the role we are given is defined by someone else, with little or no input from us.

d. our personal goals have changed but our role has not and we are frustrated by the misalignment of goals and roles.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 24

24) Bailey is a single mother who wants to provide her children with nutritious lunches while they are at school, but she also finds that the time required for planning and packing lunches takes away from the time she would like to spend reading books with her children at bedtime. What is Bailey experiencing?

Page reference: See subsection “Status and Role.”

a. Role strain

b. Role conflict

c. Normalization

d. Peer pressure

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 25

25) Attending classes, reading textbooks, taking notes, participating in group study sessions, completing assignments, and taking tests are all part of the _______ of college student.

Page reference: See subsection “Status and Role.”

a. role

b. status

c. bureaucracy

d. normalization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 26

26) Which theory was the major contribution that Erving Goffman made to sociology?

Page reference: See subsection “Performance and the Social Self.”

a. Dramaturgical theory

b. Looking-glass self theory

c. Discourse theory

d. Theory of the generalized other

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 27

27) What is the objective of SlutWalks?

Page reference: See subsection “Social Interaction in a Digital Age.”

a. To make high-end fashion more accessible to the public

b. To celebrate women’s bodies in a non-judgmental way

c. To publicly challenge the notion that women’s clothing is responsible for sexual violence against women

d. To demand the testing of untested rape kits

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 28

28) Which statement about media technologies is accurate?

Page reference: See subsection “Social Interaction in a Digital Age.”

a. As people have more options of kinds of technologies to use, they spread their use out across more devices but have not increased the total hours spend using media technologies.

b. Our media consumption has increased dramatically over recent decades.

c. People behave similarly in anonymous and non-anonymous online settings.

d. People with greater access to media report no more use of it than people with more limited access.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 29

29) Sociologist Sherry Turkle reported in her book Life on Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet (1996) that

Page reference: See subsection “Social Interaction in a Digital Age.”

a. we treat our online relationships as insincere.

b. the more time we spend online, the more depressed we are, in general.

c. the roles we play online can be therapeutic because they help us see the variety of ways we can be in the world.

d. the internet causes more fights than friendships.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 30

30) One risk of spending our online time with people who affirm what we already believe is that we

Page reference: See subsection “Social Interaction in a Digital Age.”

a. are less likely to see the small but important differences in opinion that we have with our online friends.

b. come to hold more extreme versions of the opinions that we already hold.

c. forget to demand evidence of the claims that they make because we agree with claims themselves.

d. ignore our real-life friendships in favor of our online ones.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 31

31) What kind of group is most likely to foster a feeling of belonging?

Page reference: See section “Group Life.”

a. Secondary group

b. Bureaucracy

c. Organizational culture

d. Primary group

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 32

32) What kind of group is typically organized around a common activity or interest?

Page reference: See section “Group Life.”

a. Secondary group

b. Primary group

c. Organizational culture

d. Bureaucracy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 33

33) Any group that helps us figure out where we fit in society is called a(n)

Page reference: See section “Group Life.”

a. organizational culture.

b. peer pressure group.

c. dyad.

d. reference group.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 34

34) An in-group is a group

Page reference: See section “Group Life.”

a. you feel intimidated by.

b. whose culture is difficult to learn.

c. you look down on.

d. you are connected to in a positive way and to which you feel bonded.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 35

35) In July 2019, President Donald Trump attacked four women of color who are also members of Congress by saying that they should “go back to where they came from”—though all of them are citizens and three of them were born in the United States. In his tweet associating the representatives with immigrants, President Trump was arguing that these women are part of a(n)

Page reference: See section “Group Life.”

a. in-group.

b. secondary group.

c. primary group.

d. out-group.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 36

36) As groups increase in size, they become more

Page reference: See subsection “Group Size.”

a. complex.

b. unstable.

c. important to their members.

d. scrutinized.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 37

37) According to Georg Simmel, which group is the most unstable?

Page reference: See subsection “Group Size.”

a. Dyads

b. Triads

c. Groups of 5–10 people

d. Large groups of 100 or more

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 38

38) You are a first-year undergraduate student who wants to pursue a career in sports medicine after attending medical school. To achieve your goal, you would be wise to choose which of the following groups as a reference group?

Page reference: See section “Group Life.”

a. Student athletes at your university

b. The biology professor who most challenged you

c. The juniors and senior premed students at your university with the highest GPAs

d. The advisors who work with students who want to become sports medicine doctors

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 39

39) You are creating an online dating profile. In order to look your best, you hire a stylist to help you choose your clothes and hairstyle, a makeup artist to prepare your cosmetics, and a professional photographer to take 100 photos of you. You read a lot of online advice columns about how to write your profile, and you hire an editor to review it for you and offer you feedback. What would sociologist Sherry Turkle, author of Life on Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet, likely say about your efforts?

Page reference: See subsection “Social Interaction in a Digital Age.”

a. They are deceptive and thus unfair to other people who may be respond to your ad.

b. They are likely to be ineffective, since those viewing your profile will likely unconsciously adjust their expectations of you downward anyway, because they understand that everyone appears more attractive online than in person.

c. They are a form of online identity performance that involves genuine ways of engaging in the social world.

d. They reinforce hierarchies of attractiveness that are associated with wealth, since only wealthy people can afford to go to such efforts.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 40

40) Which group is typically the most emotionally difficult to leave?

Page reference: See section “Group Life.”

a. Large groups

b. Bureaucracies

c. Primary groups

d. Secondary groups