Ch.5 Deviance, Crime, And Punishment Full Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 1

1) When a behavior violates our idea of what is normal, we call it

Page reference: See introduction to Chapter 5.

a. deviant.

b. punishment.

c. discourse.

d. crime.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 2

2) What is the difference between crime and deviance?

Feedback All crime breaks a written law, but not all deviance does.

Page reference: See introduction to Chapter 5.

a. Crime breaks laws, but, while deviance may involve law-breaking, it does not have to.

b. Deviance is the breaking of civil laws, while crime is the breaking of criminal law.

c. Deviance is the breaking of minor laws, while crime is the breaking of major laws.

d. Deviance includes Part I crimes, while crime involves Part II crimes.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 3

3) What do sociologists mean when they say that deviance is socially constructed?

Page reference: See section “Deviance.”

a. Societies choose what behaviors they consider deviant and which they consider normal.

b. Some acts, such as child abuse, are considered crimes in all societies, but other acts, such as theft, are not.

c. Individuals decide for themselves what acts violate their personal ethical codes.

d. Each of us gets to decide what acts of other people offend us.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 4

4) We know that deviance is socially constructed because

Page reference: See section “Deviance.”

a. what is deviant is consistent across societies.

b. what is deviant in a society changes over time.

c. what is deviance within a society is generally unchanging over time.

d. there is strong social consensus about what acts are deviant, which is why we have little crime in the US.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 5

5) Many sociologists argue that societies need deviance. Why?

Page reference: See section “Deviance.”

a. Deviance creates victims, and we need victims in order to practice feeling empathy for others.

b. Deviance provides important jobs in the prison industry, especially for rural towns where many prisons are located.

c. In punishing deviance, societies define the boundary between what is normal and what is not normal.

d. When we spend tens of thousands of dollars (or more) on jail cells, taxpayers get the opportunity to share a common burden, which builds community.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 6

6) Sometimes what is deviant is very clear, but sometimes we can debate it without fear of being socially punished for doing so. When we do this, we are engaging in the zone of

Page reference: See section “Deviance.”

a. permissible argument.

b. social construction.

c. variable socialization.

d. permitted variation.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 7

7) Jared is a devoted son to his parents and brother to his sisters. He is also the captain of his high school’s debate team. But the real joy of his life is volunteering in the woodworking shop at the local nursing home every week. There, he gets to know the residents and create new items for the nursing home, such as rocking chairs and bookshelves. What theory argues that Jared is less likely to engage in deviant behavior because of his connections to his family, debate team members, and the residents of the nursing home?

Page reference: See section “Deviance.”

a. Social control theory

b. Broken window theory

c. Labeling theory

d. Stigma theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 8

8) According to the textbook, public hoarding entered the public consciousness in 2020, and it is a good example of

Page reference: See section “Deviance.”

a. moral persuasion.

b. a moral crusade.

c. a moral panic.

d. moral incarceration.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 9

9) Which of the following statements about deviance is accurate?

Page reference: See section “Deviance.”

a. Surveillance technologies such as closed-circuit TVs have dramatically reduced deviance.

b. Most people do not engage in deviant activity.

c. Crime is the most common form of deviant activity.

d. Sometimes, breaking the rules may improve how a society functions.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 10

10) Why are deviant subcultures more likely to exist in urban areas than in rural or suburban ones?

Page reference: See section “Deviance.”

a. Urban areas typically have fewer laws than rural or suburban ones.

b. Urban areas typically have fewer police officers than rural or urban ones.

c. Urban areas typically have more men than rural or suburban areas, and men are more likely to engage in deviant behavior than are women.

d. Because cities have more diverse populations, with people coming to them from many different communities and countries, people in large urban areas are more likely to find norm-breaking subcultures.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 11

11) The Chinese triads and Japanese yakuza are both examples of

Page reference: See section “Deviance.”

a. police forces.

b. legislative bodies.

c. criminal subcultures.

d. legal systems.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 12

12) What is the difference between a tight and a loose society?

Page reference: See section “Deviance.”

a. Tight societies have strict norms and a low tolerance for deviance, while loose societies have weak social norms and a high tolerance for deviance.

b. Loose societies have strict norms and a low tolerance for deviance, while tight societies have weak social norms and a high tolerance for deviance.

c. Tight societies have weak norms and a low tolerance for deviance, while loose societies have strong social norms and a high tolerance for deviance.

d. Loose societies have weak norms and a low tolerance for deviance, while tight societies have strong social norms and a high tolerance for deviance.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 13

13) Which kind of deviance is a strong predictor of future rule-breaking behavior?

Page reference: See section “Deviance.”

a. Secondary

b. Primary deviance

c. Civil violations

d. Moral panic

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 14

14) How do sociologists and psychologists differ in their approaches to understanding deviance?

Page reference: See section “Deviance.”

a. Sociologists tend to use methods of scientific observation to study deviance, while psychologists tend to work in the world of theory.

b. Sociologists tend to theorize deviance without measuring it scientifically, while psychologists use social scientific observation to study it.

c. Sociologists tend to emphasize the social factors that lead someone to take on an identity as deviant, while psychologists tend to focus on personality factors, which they see as heavily influenced by genetics.

d. Psychologists tend to emphasize the social factors that lead someone to take on an identity as deviant, while sociology tend to focus on personality factors, which they see as heavily influenced by genetics.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 15

15) What theory of deviance says that people become deviant when they are labelled as deviant people?

Page reference: See section “Deviance.”

a. Labeling theory

b. Social control theory

c. Moral crusader theory

d. Stigma theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 16

16) Kevin is a self-described “sex addict.” He watches pornography obsessively, engages in dangerous sexual practices such as sex without condoms, and he consistently lies to his sexual partners about his sexual history and his current sexual behaviors. He knows that he is breaking social norms about sexuality and that he is endangering both his physical health and his relationships with other people he cares about. In a previous era, Kevin might have been labeled a sexual deviant and shunned from his community or given the stigma of an immoral person. Today, Kevin is voluntarily checking into an inpatient clinic for people who engage in obsessive sexual behaviors. There, he will be evaluated for obsessive compulsive disorder, a mental illness, and participate in individual and group therapy. Kevin’s current course of treatment is an example of the

Page reference: See section “Deviance.”

a. criminalization of deviance.

b. medicalization of deviance.

c. incarceration of deviant people.

d. normalization of deviance.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 17

17) The DSM is a guidebook to

Page reference: See section “Deviance.”

a. mandatory sentencing for people convicted of crimes.

b. the signs and symptoms of mental illness.

c. legal definitions of criminal behavior.

d. illegal behaviors in different countries, for tourists seeking experiences that might be illegal in their home nation but legal in other places.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 18

18) Attempts by the government to establish a formal system of rules about how people are allowed to behave, as well as a system of punishments for when they break those rules, are termed

Page reference: See section “Crime.”

a. medicalization of deviance.

b. criminal justice system.

c. laws.

d. restorative justice.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 19

19) What is the difference between parole and probation?

Page reference: See section “Crime.”

a. People assigned probation have previously been incarcerated, but people who have been assigned parole may not have gone to jail previously.

b. People assigned parole have previously been incarcerated, but people who have been assigned probation may not have gone to jail previously.

c. Parole is a response to Part I crimes, while probation is a response to Part II crimes.

d. Probation is a response to Part I crimes, while probation is a response to Part II crimes.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 20

20) Financial compensation or other ways of addressing the harm that one person caused another is called

Page reference: See section “Crime.”

a. restoration.

b. rejuvenation.

c. restitution.

d. renewal.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 21

21) Laws that govern disputes between individuals and organizations rather than the breaking of government laws comprise

Page reference: See section “Crime.”

a. interpersonal law.

b. civil law.

c. criminal law.

d. restorative justice.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 22

22) UCR stands for

Page reference: See section “Crime.”

a. United Criminal Response.

b. Unified Case Reporting.

c. Unreported Crime Rate.

d. Uniform Crime Report.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 23

23) Part I offenses are

Page reference: See section “Crime.”

a. more common than Part II offenses.

b. more serious crimes than Part II offenses.

c. less violent than Part II cases.

d. less likely to be prosecuted than Part II cases.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 24

24) The difference between violent crime and property crime is whether

Page reference: See section “Crime.”

a. a person or an object is the target.

b. someone is injured in the crime.

c. the criminal is a juvenile or an adult.

d. the crime occurred on private or public property.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 25

25) Compared to violent crime, property crime is

Page reference: See section “Crime.”

a. much more common.

b. much less common.

c. equally common.

d. more likely to be prosecuted.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 26

26) In general, in the US, since the early 1990s

Page reference: See section “Crime.”

a. both property and violent crimes have been decreasing.

b. both property and violent crime have been increasing.

c. both property and violent crime rates have been steady.

d. property crime rates have fallen, but violent crime rates have increased.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 27

27) Violence or intimidation against people because of an aspect of their identity, such as their race or ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, or disability, is called a(n)

Page reference: See section “Crime.”

a. identity crime.

b. bias crime.

c. hate crime.

d. crime motivated by prejudice.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 28

28) What was one result of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994?

Page reference: See section “Crime.”

a. Special police units focusing on gender-related crimes were formed.

b. Convicted domestic abusers were denied the right to own guns in every state.

c. Self-defense laws were strengthened, so women who killed a partner who was attacking them were no longer accused of a crime.

d. Convicted domestic abusers were put on a terrorist watch list because most mass shooters have a history of domestic violence.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 29

29) One day while walking home from working a late shift, Raoul was beaten by two attackers. As they assaulted him with a baseball bat, they shouted both homophobic comments about Raoul’s bisexuality and racist comments about his identity as a Latino. How would sociologists describe what happened to Raoul?

Page reference: See section “Crime.”

a. Simple assault

b. Misogyny

c. Antisemitism

d. Multiple-bias hate crime

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 30

30) Which theory of policing states that harshly policing and punishing small crimes and minor violations prevents more significant deviances and more serious criminal behavior?

Page reference: See section “Crime.”

a. Broken windows theory

b. Social control theory

c. Labeling theory

d. Prison-industrial theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 31

31) The social response to deviance that controls the deviant behavior and the offender while protecting the social group at its standards is termed

Page reference: See section “Punishment.”

a. crime.

b. deviance.

c. punishment.

d. restitution.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 32

32) According to Durkheim, why are modern societies less likely to use public punishment than other forms of punishment?

Page reference: See section “Punishment.”

a. Public punishments were a form of entertainment, but modern societies have television and other forms of in-home entertainment, so they don’t need to go into public to be entertained.

b. Public punishments were an effort to remind everyone, not just the victim, of the rules of society, but now you can easily look up the rules of society online, so public punishment is not necessary.

c. The public today understands that sometimes juries make wrong decisions, so they are less willing to endorse humiliating punishments than in the past.

d. Public punishments such as public hangings allowed members to share a common experience, which is not how people in modern societies form bonds.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 33

33) When did the idea that prisoners could and should be rehabilitated enter into the US. understanding of criminal justice?

Page reference: See section “Punishment.”

a. 18th century

b. 19th century

c. 20th century

d. 21th century

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 34

34) Michael was released from prison for drug sales two weeks ago and has been arrested today for drug sales. What term describes Michael’s second arrest?

Page reference: See section “Punishment.”

a. Police profiling

b. Criminal recidivism

c. Rehabilitation

d. Revolving prison door

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 35

35) David has been charged with murder, but his lawyer has persuaded the prosecutor to charge him with manslaughter, a charge that carries a lesser punishment, in exchange for David pleading guilty and avoiding a trial. If the prosecutor and judge accept this arrangement, David will have engaged in

Page reference: See section “Punishment.”

a. plea bargaining.

b. parole.

c. probation.

d. restorative justice.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 36

36) What nation has the largest number of people in prison in the world today?

Page reference: See section “Punishment.”

a. The United States

b. China

c. Australia

d. North Korea

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 37

37) Which of the following true statements is not evidence of racism within the US justice system?

Page reference: See section “Punishment.”

a. The US consumes more illegal drugs than any other nation.

b. Police arrest African Americans for drug violations at twice the rate of white people, despite the fact that the drug use rates are equivalent for the two groups.

c. White people are more likely than African Americans to sell drugs, but African Americans are more likely to be arrested for drug violations.

d. Police pull African American drivers over for investigation at a rate far higher than white drivers.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 38

38) The prison-industrial complex is

Page reference: See section “Punishment.”

a. the use of prisoners as laborers to support for-profit economic activities.

b. the refurbishing of old prisons into other kinds of facilities, like schools.

c. tourism in prisons.

d. the effort to place people with criminal records in stable jobs after their release.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 39

39) The decarceration movement seeks to

Page reference: See section “Punishment.”

a. require mandatory sentencing, so that everyone accused of the same crime receives the same punishment.

b. increase the number of public defenders so that poor people accused of crimes are better represented.

c. reduce the number of people in prisons.

d. prohibit people with felony records from having the right to vote.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 40

40) What is one way that TV shows about crime reinforce norms about deviance?

and the belief that the tenacious, detail-oriented police investigation will identify the criminal and solve the crime.

Page reference: See Case Study “Why Are Crime Stories So Popular?”

a. They show that villains are almost always punished.

b. They show that sometimes even good people do bad things.

c. They show that if you have enough money and power, you can escape justice.

d. They show that corrupt police officers are rarely punished.