Chapter 5: Health, Medicine, and Health Care

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. What percentage of American Indians and Alaska Native do not live on reservations?

a. 50

b. 70

c. 95

d. 10

Learning Objective: 5-4: Explore alternatives to the current matrix of inequality in health and medicine

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Urban American Indian Healthcare

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Which of the following is a health disparity found between low and high income populations?

a. quality of health care

b. access to health care

c. care coordination

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Patterns of Inequality in Health and Healthcare

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. African Americans and Mexican Americans have a higher rate of this disease compared to whites.

a. diabetes, type 2

b. heart disease

c. anxiety

d. both “diabetes, type 2” and “heart disease”

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Patterns of Inequality in Health and Healthcare

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. This refers to the number of deaths in a given population.

a. mortality

b. morbidity

c. fecundity

d. death index

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Patterns of Inequality in Health and Health Care

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. To garner greater support for access to contraception, Margaret Sanger ______.

a. advanced eugenics ideologies to argue that birth control would benefit white society

b. was a strong supporter of racial justice

c. refuted racist and xenophobic rhetoric

d. encouraged white women to have more children

Learning Objective: 5-4: Explore alternatives to the current matrix of inequality in health and medicine

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Race, Reproduction, and the Women’s Health Movement

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. ______ consists of indigenous knowledge, skills, and practices that have been passed down over generations.

a. Shamanism

b. Traditional medicine

c. Witchcraft

d. Voodoo

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Traditional Healing

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The National Black Women’s Health Project was formed ______.

a. to situate Black women’s health within the larger context of race and class inequality

b. as part of a legacy of black women’s activism in the face of exclusion and racism from the first wave of the women’s movement

c. to ensure rights to contraception, family planning, and freedom from forced sterilization

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 5-4: Explore alternatives to the current matrix of inequality in health and medicine

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Race, Reproduction, and the Women’s Health Movement

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. This is a way that traditional healers differ from conventional medical practice.

a. They recognize the relationship between people and nature.

b. They may focus on healing the person rather than just the illness.

c. They use herbs.

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Traditional Healing

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Which of the following is true of traditional healers?

a. The World Health Organization recognizes their importance.

b. They are respected by the American Medical Association.

c. They have provided much of our current understanding of the medicinal qualities of plans and herbs.

d. both “the World Health Organization recognizes their importance” and “they have provided much of our current understanding of the medicinal qualities of plans and herbs”

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Traditional Healing

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which of the following is true of the institution of medicine?

a. Prior to the middle of the 19th century medicine did not exist as an institutionalized discipline.

b. The establishment of the American Medical Association was an attempt to legitimize medical doctors.

c. Medical doctors have always worked in conjunction with traditional healers.

d. both “prior to the middle of the 19th century medicine did not exist as an institutionalized discipline” and “the establishment of the American Medical Association was an attempt to legitimize medical doctors”

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Modern Medicine and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. By 1900, how many medical schools were open to educating black physicians?

a. 3

b. 7

c. 11

d. 19

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Modern Medicine and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Hard

12. Prior to World War II, how many black physicians graduated annually in the United States?

a. 250

b. 20

c. 175

d. 120

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Modern Medicine and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Hard

13. What year were hospitals desegregated?

a. 1954

b. 1973

c. 1964

d. 1970

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Modern Medicine and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. Which of the following might be a social consequence of the lack of minority physicians in the United States?

a. better health care

b. minority patients feeling unable to relate to their health care providers

c. minority patients feeling as though they can relate to their health care providers

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Modern Medicine and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The process of natural selection was explained by ______.

a. Gregory Mendel

b. Charles Darwin

c. Alexander Burns

d. Adolf Hitler

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Social Construction of “Fit” and “Unfit” Bodies

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Which sociologist coined the phrase “survival of the fittest” in 1864?

a. Herbert Spencer

b. Karl Marx

c. W.E.B. DuBois

d. Émile Durkheim

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Darwinism and the Rise of Eugenics

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Who coined the term “eugenics”?

a. Herbert Spencer

b. Gregory Mendel

c. Francis Galton

d. Charles Darwin

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Darwinism and the Rise of Eugenics

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Which city legalized an “Ugly Law” in 1911?

a. New York City

b. Dallas

c. Chicago

d. San Francisco

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Eliminating the “Unfit”

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. What condition was included under the Immigration Law of 1891?

a. pregnancy

b. poverty

c. lack of morals

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Eliminating the “Unfit”

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Which of the following is true of the Immigration Law of 1891?

a. Pregnancy was considered a reason for deportation.

b. Poverty was considered a reason for deportation.

c. IQ tests were used.

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Eliminating the “Unfit”

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Which eugenicist published the Trait Book in 1912?

a. Charles Davenport

b. Charles Darwin

c. Gregor Mendel

d. Francis Galton

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Eliminating the “Unfit”

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. How many U.S. states adopted laws allowing eugenic sterilizations?

a. 15

b. 42

c. 21

d. 33

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Eliminating the “Unfit”

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. This is the U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld Virginia’s law requiring the sterilization of those deemed “socially inadequate” and living on government support in 1927.

a. Buck v. Bell

b. Loving and Loving vs. Virginia

c. Plessy v. Ferguson

d. Brown v. Board of Education

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Eliminating the “Unfit”

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Which U.S. state led the way in the forced sterilization of “mental defectives” by 1963?

a. Pennsylvania

b. Texas

c. Ohio

d. California

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Eliminating the “Unfit”

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Which leader was strongly influenced by the eugenics movement?

a. Gandhi

b. Hitler

c. Stalin

d. Mao

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Eliminating the “Unfit”

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. “Conversion therapy” was intended to change ______.

a. political affiliation

b. mental illness

c. sexual orientation

d. miscegenation

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inventing the Homosexual

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Women of color are overrepresented in this occupation.

a. nursing

b. nursing assistant

c. home healthcare worker

d. both “nursing assistant” and “home healthcare worker”

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Applying the Matrix to Health Inequity and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. Which social characteristic is correlated with body weight?

a. social class

b. race

c. religion

d. both “social class” and “race”

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: An Intersectional Approach to health and healthcare

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Which of the following is true about home health care workers?

a. Some lack the protection of a guaranteed minimum wage.

b. All home health care workers are guaranteed overtime pay.

c. They receive standard benefit packages.

d. Less than 50% are women.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gender and Health Care

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Which of the following illustrates the health consequences of growing up in poverty?

a. Poor nutrition in childhood affects cognitive development.

b. Childhood poverty is correlated with experiencing depression and anxiety.

c. environmental risk factors

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Class and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. This is the incidence of illness in a given population.

a. mortality

b. morbidity

c. miscegenation

d. fecundity

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Class and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. If a sociologist was studying the prevalence of HIV/AIDS among minority men in Chicago, the focus of the study would be on ______.

a. morbidity

b. mortality

c. sexual orientation

d. miscegenation

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Class and Health

Difficulty Level: Hard

33. If a sociologist wanted to compare the number of deaths caused by AIDS in 1970s to those caused by AIDS in the 1990s, then the study would be focused on ______.

a. morbidity

b. mortality

c. sexual orientation

d. miscegenation

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Class and Health

Difficulty Level: Hard

34. Which group experiences fewer preterm births compared to blacks?

a. whites

b. Asians

c. Pacific Islanders

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Race and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. Who was the first sociologist to recognize the impact of stress on health?

a. Émile Durkheim

b. W.E.B. DuBois

c. Karl Marx

d. Herbert Spencer

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Stress and Microaggressions

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. These are brief, verbal, nonverbal, and behavioral insults to a person or group, whether intentional or unintentional.

a. racist acts

b. microaggressions

c. interpersonal conflicts

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Stress and Microaggressions

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. Which of the following is true of microaggressions?

a. They are a form of psychological stressor tied specifically to one’s identity as a member of an oppressed group.

b. Their impact comes from their cumulative nature.

c. Their impact comes from the intention of the person.

d. both “they are a form of psychological stressor tied specifically to one’s identity as a member of an oppressed group” and “their impact comes from their cumulative nature”

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Stress and Microaggressions

Difficulty Level: Hard

38. The experience of this has been likened to the cumulative experience of getting paper cuts every day.

a. overt racism

b. institutional racism

c. colorblind racism

d. microaggressions

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Stress and Microaggressions

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. Who was the founding president of the Black Psychiatrists of America?

a. Chester Pierce

b. Emit Wallace

c. Pat Collins

d. Walter White

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Stress and Microaggressions

Difficulty Level: Medium

40. Who defined microaggressions as the brief, verbal, nonverbal, and behavioral insults to a person or group, whether intentional or unintentional?

a. Chester Pierce

b. Emit Wallace

c. Pat Collins

d. Walter White

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Stress and Microaggressions

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. Research has shown this social factor to be correlated with mortality rates.

a. low education

b. low social support

c. poverty

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Stress and Microaggressions

Difficulty Level: Easy

42. This was a mental illness invented to explain why slaves tried to escape slavery.

a. drapetomania

b. slavitis

c. freedom fever

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Legacy of Mistrust

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. ______ described drapetomania in his book Diseases and Peculiarities of the Negro in 1851.

a. Émile Durkheim

b. Sigmund Freud

c. Samuel Cartwright

d. Karl Marx

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Legacy of Mistrust

Difficulty Level: Medium

44. The mental illness of drapetomania was only experienced by ______.

a. refugees

b. slaves

c. immigrants

d. victims of domestic violence

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Legacy of Mistrust

Difficulty Level: Easy

45. What is considered the best known medical experiment of a minority group in the United States?

a. Prison Experiment

b. Tuskegee Syphilis Study

c. Forced Sterilization Study

d. Frontal Lobotomy Study

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Legacy of Mistrust

Difficulty Level: Easy

46. Which of the following is true regarding the sample used in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?

a. They were all poor men.

b. The men were from Alabama.

c. The experimental group was never informed that they had syphilis.

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A Legacy of Mistrust

Difficulty Level: Medium

47. Which of the following was true in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?

a. The study’s doctors withheld penicillin.

b. At least one fourth of the study participants died from untreated syphilis, when treatment options existed.

c. None of the participants died.

d. both “the study’s doctors withheld penicillin” and “at least one fourth of the study participants died from untreated syphilis, when treatment options existed”

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A Legacy of Mistrust

Difficulty Level: Easy

48. In 1899 this sociologist observed that poor people of color and poor whites faced different living conditions that had an impact on their health.

a. Karl Marx

b. Herbert Spencer

c. W.E.B. Dubois

d. Max Weber

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Role of Place and Environmental Racism

Difficulty Level: Easy

49. Which of the following is more likely to be located in poor and minority neighborhoods?

a. landfills

b. incinerators

c. waste sites

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Role of Place and Environmental Racism

Difficulty Level: Easy

50. Which of the following is considered an environmental risk factor for health?

a. exposure to asbestos

b. exposure to lead

c. unsafe playgrounds

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Role of Place and Environmental Racism

Difficulty Level: Easy

51. What is one of the impacts of childhood lead poisoning?

a. decreased IQ

b. permanent behavioral changes

c. organ damage

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Role of Place and Environmental Racism

Difficulty Level: Easy

52. This refers to the distribution of health issues and health determinants in a population.

a. epidemiology

b. fecundity

c. morbidity

d. neo-mortality

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Epidemiology

Difficulty Level: Medium

53. What type of study would be concerned with the correlation of race and class with different types of infectious illnesses?

a. participant observation

b. content analysis

c. epidemiology

d. social experiment

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Epidemiology

Difficulty Level: Medium

54. What year was the Human Genome Project launched?

a. 1985

b. 1995

c. 1990

d. 1998

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Human Genome Project

Difficulty Level: Hard

55. What was one of the intentions of the Human Genome Project?

a. to identify genetic susceptibility for certain genetic disorders

b. to develop cures and treatments for genetic disorders

c. to further classify disabilities

d. both “to identify genetic susceptibility for certain genetic disorders” and “to develop cures and treatments for genetic disorders”

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Human Genome Project

Difficulty Level: Medium

56. How many Native American tribes are currently recognized by the U.S. government and are entitled to health care?

a. 210

b. 354

c. 450

d. 560

Learning Objective: 5-4: Explore alternatives to the current matrix of inequality in health and medicine

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Urban American Indian Health Care

Difficulty Level: Medium

57. This women was arrested and jailed for opening the first birth control clinic in the United States in 1916.

a. Harriet Steadman

b. Margaret Sanger

c. Gloria Steinem

d. Patricia Collins

Learning Objective: 5-4: Explore alternatives to the current matrix of inequality in health and medicine

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Race, Reproduction, and the Women’s Health Movement

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Medical sociology is the analysis of the field and practice of medicine.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Examine various stock narratives of inequality in health and medicine

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Theorizing Inequality in Health and Health Care

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Health and illness are not simply biological phenomena, but social phenomena as well.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Examine various stock narratives of inequality in health and medicine

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Theorizing Inequality in Health and Health Care

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Black women are much more likely to die from breast cancer than white women.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Patterns of Inequality in Health and Health Care

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. During the 19th century slaves were regularly used for medical experimentation.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Modern Medicine and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries, average life expectancy has about doubled.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Examine various stock narratives of inequality in health and medicine

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Historical Advances in Health and Life Expectancy

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. As individual wealth increases, health decreases.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Class and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. One out of ten Native Americans have diabetes.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Class and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. People categorized as belonging to the same race have very little in common genetically or biologically.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Human Genome Project

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Margaret Sanger employed eugenics rhetoric in her fight for contraception.

Learning Objective: 5-4: Explore alternatives to the current matrix of inequality in health and medicine

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Race, Reproduction, and the Women’s Health Movement

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. Reproductive justice addresses the social reality of inequality, specifically, the inequality of opportunities that we have to control our reproductive destiny.

Learning Objective: 5-4: Explore alternatives to the current matrix of inequality in health and medicine

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Race, Reproduction, and the Women’s Health Movement

Difficulty Level: Hard

Essay

1. Discuss a potential social implication of the Human Genome Project.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Human Genome Project

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. How might you explain the health disparities between whites and minorities?

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Applying the Health Matrix to Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. How do the authors explain the invention of homosexuality?

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe contemporary inequality in health and health care

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Inventing the Homosexual

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Explain the epidemiological paradox that explains the seemingly better health of Latino/as and Asian Americans.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Race and Health

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Using information from the reading, discuss some of the potential impacts of racial segregation on health outcomes.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Apply the matrix lens to the link between race and health care

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Role of Place and Environmental Racism

Difficulty Level: Hard