Chapter 6: Education

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. C. Wright Mills argued that education functions to ______.

a. maintain the social hierarchy by creating workers

b. help students produce advanced technology

c. empower students to change their communities

d. teach students to avoid criminal activity

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Shaping of the Matrix of U.S. Education

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Roughly what percentage of preschool-aged children in the United States go to an organized day care or preschool facility?

a. 10

b. 20

c. 30

d. 40

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Who Goes to School?

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The first public schools in the United States were established after the ______.

a. American Revolution

b. Emancipation Proclamation

c. War of 1812

d. Civil War

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Short History

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What was the first university built and chartered in the United States?

a. University of Pennsylvania

b. Boston College

c. Harvard University

d. Brown College

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Native American Boarding Schools

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. In the 1870s boarding schools were set up in the United States to “civilize” this group of students.

a. African Americans

b. Native Americans

c. Mexican Americans

d. both “African Americans” and “Native Americans”

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Native American Boarding Schools

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. This was one way that Native American children were “civilized” in boarding schools.

a. taught to speak English

b. taught Native American history

c. taught English social norms

d. both “taught to speak English” and “taught English social norms”

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Native American Boarding Schools

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. What year were slaves emancipated from slavery in the United States?

a. 1842

b. 1851

c. 1863

d. 1875

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early African American Education: “Separate but Equal”

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. The historical period following the Civil War was known as ______.

a. time of freedom

b. period of renewal

c. reconstruction

d. destruction

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early African American Education: “Separate but Equal”

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Which of the following was not a challenge during reconstruction?

a. protect freed slaves from harm

b. rebuild the southern economy

c. integrate freed slaves into the U.S. economy

d. all of these were challenges during reconstruction

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early African American Education: “Separate but Equal”

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Who gave the Atlanta Cotton States and International Exposition speech in 1895?

a. Booker T. Washington

b. W.E.B. DuBois

c. Karl Marx

d. Harry Truman

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early African American Education: “Separate but Equal”

Difficulty Level: Hard

11. What did the Plessy v. Ferguson case decide?

a. segregation in public facilities was constitutional

b. “separate but equal” was unconstitutional

c. legality of equal pay for equal work

d. gender wage equity

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early African American Education: “Separate but Equal”

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which Civil Rights activist founded the Niagara Movement?

a. W.E.B. DuBois

b. Booker T. Washington

c. Mohammed Ali

d. Martin Luther King Jr.

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early African American Education: “Separate but Equal”

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. What did the case Brown v. Topeka Board of Education decide?

a. “separate but equal” was unconstitutional

b. segregation in public facilities was constitutional

c. gender wage equity

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: School Desegregation

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Who was the first African American to sit on the U.S. Supreme Court?

a. W.E.B. DuBois

b. Thurgood Marshall

c. Clarence Thomas

d. John Stevens

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: School Desegregation

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Which group was the focus of the Mendez et al. v. Westminster School District of Orange County case in 1946?

a. African Americans

b. Puerto Rican Americans

c. Mexican Americans

d. Asian Americans

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: School Desegregation

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. This is the process by which members of society are taught society’s dominant roles, norms, and values.

a. socialization

b. secondary education

c. political affiliation

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 6.2: Compare the major sociological theories of education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social-Functional Theory: Education as a Socialization Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Which sociologist explained that education instilled a sense of morality and social cohesion in individuals?

a. W.E.B. DuBois

b. Émile Durkheim

c. Talcott Parsons

d. Karl Marx

Learning Objective: 6.2: Compare the major sociological theories of education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social-Functional Theory: Education as a Socialization Process

Difficulty Level: Hard

18. When a student is taught to feel connected to the surrounding community, the student is being taught Durkheim’s concept of ______.

a. social cohesion

b. alienation

c. class conflict

d. deviance

Learning Objective: 6.2: Compare the major sociological theories of education.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Social-Functional Theory: Education as a Socialization Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. In these schools during the 17th to 19th centuries, female teachers taught young girls how to sew, knit, and embroider.

a. home-economics

b. dame schools

c. grammar schools

d. domestic

Learning Objective: 6.2: Compare the major sociological theories of education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Human Capital Theory: Education as Skills Acquisition

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. This includes the provision of skills that are exchangeable within a social structure or market for other forms of capital.

a. cultural capital

b. human capital

c. socialization

d. re-socialization

Learning Objective: 6.2: Compare the major sociological theories of education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Human Capital Theory: Education as Skills Acquisition

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Learning how to follow directions and stand in line are examples of ______.

a. human capital

b. socialization

c. counter-culture

d. both “human capital” and “socialization”

Learning Objective: 6.2: Compare the major sociological theories of education.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Human Capital Theory: Education as Skills Acquisition

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. The practice of teaching only English norms in boarding schools is an example of ______.

a. re-socialization

b. cultural equity

c. separate but equal ideologies

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Education as a Conversion Tool

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. What state was home to the first four-year Black Studies program?

a. Washington

b. Oregon

c. Pennsylvania

d. California

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Education as a Conversion Tool

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. This refers to the meanings, codes, understandings, and practices that people accumulate and use to exchange for other goods in societal or economic markets.

a. human capital

b. cultural capital

c. socialization

d. hidden curriculum

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Education as a Site of Class Construction

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. When the education system is dominated by white middle-class ideology it disenfranchises minority students from exercising their ______.

a. cultural capital

b. socialization

c. hidden curriculum

d. educational autonomy

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Education as a Site of Class Construction

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Which of the following is a form of cultural capital?

a. institutionalized recognition

b. physical objects like books or clothing

c. personal characteristics such as a worldview

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Education as a Site of Class Construction

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Which of the following is not an example of cultural capital?

a. wardrobe

b. your eye color

c. number of books in your home

d. number of languages you speak

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Education as a Site of Class Construction

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. Which of the following was an effort at presidential reform for education?

a. No Child Left Behind

b. A Nation at Risk

c. Race to the Top

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Education as a Citizen Machine

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Which president tried to reform education with the program No Child Left Behind?

a. Barack Obama

b. Bill Clinton

c. George W. Bush

d. Ronald Reagan

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Education as a Citizen Machine

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Which president tried to reform education with the program Race to the Top?

a. Barack Obama

b. Bill Clinton

c. George W. Bush

d. Ronald Reagan

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Education as a Citizen Machine

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Which president tried to reform education with the program A Nation at Risk?

a. Barack Obama

b. Bill Clinton

c. George W. Bush

d. Ronald Reagan

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Education as a Citizen Machine

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. Which group is likely to earn more on average annual than a white woman with an associate’s degree?

a. white men with a high school education

b. black women with an associate’s degree

c. white men with an associate’s degree

d. both “white men with a high school education” and “white men with an associate’s degree”

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Class

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. Who is the current secretary of education in the United States (2017)?

a. Betsy DeVos

b. Harriet Jones

c. Nancy Pelosi

d. Rick Adams

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Education as a Citizen Machine

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Malala Yousafzai, the 14-year-old girl who was shot in the head for speaking out for education, is from this country.

a. Pakistan

b. Uzbekistan

c. Afghanistan

d. Israel

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. Which of the following is true of gender differences in the U.S. educational system?

a. Girls do less well on standardized tests than boys.

b. Girls get better grades than boys.

c. Girls have more interest in schooling than boys.

d. all of these are true

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Which of the following is not true of gender differences in the U.S. education system?

a. Girls do better on standardized tests than boys.

b. Girls get better grades than boys.

c. Girls have more interest in schooling than boys.

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gender

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. Research has found this to be true about the experience of black girls’ educational lives.

a. Increased levels of law enforcement make them feel less safe in school.

b. Failure of schools to intervene in sexual harassment contributes to their insecurity at school.

c. They experience a high level of interpersonal violence.

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. The National School Climate Survey shows that LGBTQ students experience ______.

a. hostile school climates

b. lower educational aspirations

c. high absenteeism

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexual Minorities

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Which of the following is not experienced by LGBTQ students?

a. higher levels of educational aspirations

b. high absenteeism

c. hostile school climates

d. poor psychological well-being

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Minorities

Difficulty Level: Medium

40. Which of the following was offered as a solution to the problems that LGBTQ students face in school?

a. increased opportunities for gay-straight alliances

b. for curriculum to includes the lives and histories of LGBTQ individuals

c. comprehensive anti-bullying policies

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexual Minorities

Difficulty Level: Easy

41. In the student-teacher model, ______.

a. the teacher holds all of the social power in the exchange

b. students are seen as having experience and insight to offer to their teachers

c. students teach themselves

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 6.4: Identify alternatives to the educational system that recognize intersectional realities.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Imagining New Educations

Difficulty Level: Medium

42. Which of the following was a key factor in shaping the contemporary educational system in the United States?

a. treatment of Native Americans

b. development of the university system

c. establishment of separate schools for black and white children

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Shaping of the Matrix of U.S. Education

Difficulty Level: Medium

43. Which of the following theories focuses on skill development?

a. social-functional

b. human capital

c. symbolic interaction

d. conflict

Learning Objective: 6.2: Compare the major sociological theories of education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Human Capital theory: Education as Skills Acquisition

Difficulty Level: Hard

44. Based on the reading in Chapter 6, education can be seen as a site of ______.

a. social class construction

b. creating workers

c. conversion to white, American culture

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 6.2: Compare the major sociological theories of education.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Theories of Education

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. Where was Paulo Freire, the educator who called for the pedagogy of liberation, from?

a. Canada

b. Brazil

c. Puerto Rico

d. Mexico

Learning Objective: 6.4: Identify alternatives to the educational system that recognize intersectional realities.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Alternative Educational Movements and the Future of Education

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. Which sociologist would argue that education functions to maintain the social hierarchy by creating workers, who then sustain the wealth of the elite?

a. C. Wright Mills

b. Émile Durkheim

c. Max Weber

d. Talcott Parsons

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Alternative Educational Movements and the Future of Education

Difficulty Level: Easy | Hard

47. Which of the following was a goal of the “separate but equal” legislation following the Civil War?

a. to keep black domesticated

b. to keep blacks subservient

c. to limit their skill sets

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Early African American Education: “Separate but Equal”

Difficulty Level: Medium

48. What was the focus of the Niagara Movement?

a. school de-segregation

b. free education for all

c. workplace safety

d. living wage

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early African American Education: “Separate but Equal”

Difficulty Level: Medium

49. Which of the following is a way that schools subconsciously infuse children with the norms, rules, and values of their society?

a. relationship between the teacher and the student

b. structure of the rules reinforced in the school

c. structure of the classroom

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 6.2: Compare the major sociological theories of education.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Early African American Education: “Separate but Equal”

Difficulty Level: Easy

50. Roughly how many contemporary colleges and universities currently offer African Studies in the United States?

a. more than 200

b. 75

c. 125

d. fewer than 50

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Education as a Conversion Tool

Difficulty Level: Medium

51. Which of the following is a way that schools reproduce social classes from generation to generation?

a. dress codes

b. school uniforms

c. lockers

d. both “dress codes” and “school uniforms”

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Education as a Site of Class Construction

Difficulty Level: Medium

52. Which of the following is a common school rule that prepares a student for future employment?

a. keep your desk clean

b. arrive on time

c. line up

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Education as a Means of Creating Workers

Difficulty Level: Easy

53. What is the occupational function of teaching a student to “eat when it is time for lunch”?

a. evaluation

b. importance of schedules

c. hierarchy

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Education as a Means of Creating Workers

Difficulty Level: Medium

54. What is the occupational function of teaching a student to “sit in your assigned seat”?

a. evaluation

b. importance of schedules

c. hierarchy

d. importance of maintaining order

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Education as a Means of Creating Workers

Difficulty Level: Medium

55. The re-socialization of Native American children in boarding schools has been described as ______.

a. a soul wound

b. cultural amputation

c. a prisoner of war experience

d. a total institution

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Native American Boarding Schools

Difficulty Level: Hard

True/False

1. Educational equity has not led to more income equality.

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Education as a Means of Creating Workers

Difficulty Level: Medium | Hard

2. As a society we have decreased our human capital without increasing our socioeconomic equality.

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Education as a Means of Creating Workers

Difficulty Level: Medium | Hard

3. Education is one of the most fundamental axes of inequality in all societies.

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Class

Difficulty Level: Medium | Hard

4. The United States is the only nation that funds its public schools primarily on the basis of local and state, not federal, tax revenues.

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Class

Difficulty Level: Medium | Hard

5. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights enshrines education as a human right.

Learning Objective: 6.4: Identify alternatives to the educational system that recognize intersectional realities.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Education as a Human Right

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. A Georgetown University study shows that people with college degrees from elite institutions are out-earning their peers from other educational institutions in 10 years.

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Education Today

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. By 1905 most children received some form of compulsory education.

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Short History

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. The authors explain that cultural capital is like a roadmap that helps us navigate social life because we have learned the “rules of the game.”

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Education as a Site of Class Construction

Difficulty Level: Medium | Hard

9. W.E.B. DuBois argued that all institutions in capitalist societies are “epiphenomenal to social class.”

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Education as a Means of Creating Workers

Difficulty Level: Medium | Hard

10. The age at which children begin and end their education varies by state.

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Education, Race, and Intersectional Realities

Difficulty Level: Medium | Hard

Essay

1. Using information from the reading, describe the Atlanta Compromise.

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Early African American Education: “Separate but Equal”

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Describe the focus of the Harlem Renaissance.

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Early African American Education: “Separate but Equal”

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Discuss three of the four challenges that the United States faced during the period of reconstruction following the Civil War.

Learning Objective: 6.1: Describe the current state of education in the United States and the key historical factors that have shaped it.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Early African American Education: “Separate but Equal”

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Describe what the policy of “school choice” means and how this type of federal policy might influence minority students.

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Education as a Citizen Machine

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Discuss the school-to-prison pipeline.

Learning Objective: 6.3: Analyze several matrix perspectives on education.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Class

Difficulty Level: Medium