Test Bank Chapter 19 Introduction To The Angiosperms

Chapter 19: Introduction to the Angiosperms

Multiple-Choice Questions

Which of the following statements about phylum Anthophyta is FALSE?

a. It is the largest phylum of photosynthetic organisms.

b. The two major classes are the monocots and dicots.

c. Its members vary in size from 1 millimeter long to 100 meters tall.

d. Some members are parasitic.

e. Some members are myco-heterotrophic.

Which of the following statements about myco-heterotrophic plants is FALSE?

a. They lack chlorophyll.

b. They have obligate relationships with mycorrhizal fungi.

c. They are nonphotosynthetic.

d. They form haustoria with their host plant.

e. They are indirectly associated with an autotroph.

In a myco-heterotrophic relationship, the ______ transfers carbohydrates to the _______.

a. fungus; myco-heterotroph

b. fungus; autotroph

c. fungus; cyanobacteria

d. myco-heterotroph; fungus

e. cyanobacteria; fungus

The pedicel of a flower is:

a. a leaflike structure that contains the ovules.

b. the part of the flower stalk to which flower parts are attached.

c. the stalk of a flower or an inflorescence.

d. the stalk of a flower in an inflorescence.

e. the stalk that attaches an ovule to the ovary.

The fertile parts of a flower are the:

a. sepals and petals.

b. sepals and stamens.

c. petals and stamens.

d. sepals and carpels.

e. carpels and stamens.

The perianth consists of all the ______ of a flower.

a. sepals

b. petals

c. sepals and petals

d. fertile parts

e. sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels

Which of the following statements about a stamen is FALSE?

a. It is a microsporophyll.

b. It usually consists of an anther and a filament.

c. It contains four microsporangia.

d. It contains pollen sacs.

e. It is part of the gynoecium.

The gynoecium consists of all the ______ of a flower.

a. carpels

b. ovules

c. ovaries

d. placentae

e. stigmas

The portion of a carpel that encloses the ovules is the:

a. style.

b. stigma.

c. ovary.

d. placenta.

e. funiculus.

The style connects the _____ to the ______.

a. anther; filament

b. calyx; corolla

c. androecium; gynoecium

d. ovules; ovary

e. ovary; stigma

In axile placentation, the ovules are borne:

a. on the ovary wall.

b. on a central column of tissue in a partitioned ovary.

c. on a central column of tissue in an unpartitioned ovary.

d. at the base of a unilocular ovary.

e. at the top of a unilocular ovary.

A perfect flower contains:

a. petals only.

b. stamens only.

c. carpels only.

d. petals and carpels.

e. carpels and stamens.

A monoecious species has:

a. flowers with all floral whorls.

b. floral parts united with other members of the same whorl.

c. floral parts united with members of other whorls.

d. staminate and carpellate flowers on the same plant.

e. staminate and carpellate flowers on different plants.

A flower that has only stamens and petals is:

a. staminate and perfect.

b. perfect and complete.

c. perfect and incomplete.

d. imperfect and complete.

e. imperfect and incomplete.

An example of connation is the union of stamens with:

a. other stamens.

b. petals.

c. sepals.

d. carpels.

e. stigmas.

By definition, a flower with a aposepalous calyx has:

a. no sepals.

b. many sepals.

c. sepals joined together.

d. sepals not joined together.

e. sepals joined with a flower part in a different whorl.

In flowers with sepals, petals, and stamens attached below the ovary, the ovary is said to be:

a. hypogynous.

b. epigynous.

c. perigynous.

d. superior.

e. inferior.

All bilaterally symmetrical flowers are:

a. hypogynous.

b. regular.

c. irregular.

d. superior.

e. inferior.

In angiosperms, the mature female gametophyte consists of _____ cells.

a. 2

b. 3

c. 5

d. 7

e. 9

In angiosperms, the ovary develops into a(n):

a. ovule.

b. seed.

c. fruit.

d. carpel.

e. perianth.

The innermost layer of the pollen sac wall is the:

a. sporogenous layer.

b. sporopollenin layer.

c. exine.

d. intine.

e. tapetum.

Microsporocytes divide by ______, forming ______.

a. mitosis; haploid microsporocytes

b. mitosis; diploid microsporocytes

c. meiosis; haploid microspores

d. mitosis; diploid microspores

e. meiosis; haploid megaspores

Which of the following statements concerning pollen grain apertures is FALSE?

a. They are located in the intine.

b. They are preferential sites for pollen tube initiation.

c. They are sites of uptake of various substances.

d. They can expand and contract.

e. They help protect the pollen grain from drying out.

Sporopollenin is the primary constituent of the:

a. integument.

b. nucellar wall.

c. exine.

d. intine.

e. tapetum.

When the microspore of an angiosperm divides, it gives rise directly to:

a. two generative cells.

b. two tube cells.

c. two sperm cells.

d. a generative cell and a tube cell.

e. a sperm cell, a generative cell, and a tube cell.

A polymer in the _____ protects the pollen grain against UV radiation, dehydration, and pathogen attack.

a. tapetum

b. exine

c. microsporangium

d. microsporocyte

e. intine

Which of the following statements about pollen grains is FALSE?

a. They vary considerably in size and shape.

b. They differ in the number, arrangement, and shape of their apertures.

c. They provide insights into past climates.

d. They provide a means of identifying flowering plants.

e. They are poorly represented in the fossil record.

About 70% of living angiosperms have a(n) _______ type of megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis.

a. Amborella

b. Oenothera

c. Polygonum

d. Fritillaria

e. Lilium

In the most common pattern of embryo sac development in angiosperms, how many nuclei end up at the chalazal end?

a. 1

b. 3

c. 5

d. 7

e. 9

______ are found at the chalazal end of the embryo sac.

a. Polar nuclei

b. Synergids

c. Eggs

d. Ovules

e. Antipodals

In embryo sac development, the egg apparatus contains the egg cell and the:

a. polar nuclei.

b. synergids.

c. chalaza.

d. central cell.

e. antipodals.

In the center of the embryo sac are the:

a. ovules.

b. synergids.

c. eggs.

d. polar nuclei.

e. antipodals.

The mature female gametophyte is called a(n):

a. embryo sac.

b. nucellus.

c. megasporangium.

d. endosperm.

e. ovule.

The mature megagametophyte consists of ______ nuclei and _____ cells.

a. 7; 7

b. 7: 5

c. 5; 7

d. 7: 8

e. 8; 7

In the process of pollination, the:

a. anther dehisces, shedding its contents.

b. pollen passes from the anther to a stigma.

c. pollen tube grows through the style.

d. pollen tube enters the embryo sac.

e. sperm fertilizes an egg.

Which of the following statements concerning transmitting tissue is FALSE?

a. It is found within the style.

b. It guides the pollen tube toward the ovary.

c. The pollen tube grows out of the transmitting tissue at the funiculus.

d. It is classified as being either wet or dry.

e. The pollen tube grows between its cells.

________ mark the pathways of sperm cell and sperm nucleus migrations within the ovule.

a. Actin “coronas”

b. Transmitting tissues

c. Callose deposits

d. Hydrated layers of proteins, amino acids, and lipids

e. Germ units

In the process of double fertilization, one sperm fuses with the ______, and the other sperm fuses with the ______.

a. egg; synergids

b. egg; polar nuclei

c. egg; antipodals

d. synergid; polar nuclei

e. synergid; antipodals

In most angiosperms, the primary endosperm nucleus is:

a. n.

b. 2n.

c. 3n.

d. 4n.

e. 5n.

The process of double fertilization occurs:

a. only in angiosperms.

b. in all angiosperms and gymnosperms.

c. only in angiosperms and Ephedra.

d. only in angiosperms and Gnetum.

e. only in angiosperms, Ephedra, and Gnetum.

The function of the endosperm is to provide ______ for the embryo.

a. support

b. oxygen

c. food

d. water

e. protection

In some angiosperms, the food store of the seed is perisperm derived from the:

a. integument.

b. embryo.

c. endosperm.

d. nucellus.

e. funiculus.

Unlike gymnosperms, the stored food in angiosperms is:

a. provided by the male gametophyte.

b. provided by the female gametophyte.

c. sporophyte.

d. formed before fertilization.

e. formed after fertilization.

As the seed develops, the ovary wall becomes the:

a. perisperm.

b. pericarp.

c. endosperm.

d. nucellus.

e. integument.

True-False Questions

Myco-heterotrophs have an obligate relationship with a mycorrhizal fungus.

A carpel is a leaflike structure that contains ovules.

All the petals of a flower are collectively called the calyx.

In a carpel, the style connects the stigma with the ovary.

If a single ovule is borne on a central column in an unpartitioned ovary, the placentation is described as parietal.

A flower that has both stamens and carpels but lacks sepals is described as imperfect and incomplete.

In a flower with a superior ovary, the perianth and stamens are epigynous.

Radially symmetrical flowers are said to be irregular.

Angiosperms have archegonia but lack antheridia.

The function of the tapetum is to provide food for developing microspores.

Sporopollenin protects the microgametophyte against UV radiation.

The most common type of megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis is the Polygonum type.

The integuments envelope the nucellus except at the micropyle.

The central cell contains the egg apparatus.

The great majority of living angiosperms have mature embryo sacs consisting of seven cells and eight nuclei.

The first flowering plants had a Polygonum type of embryo sac.

Wet stigmas have a cuticle that contains a hydrated layer of proteins, carbohydates, and lipids.

The male germ unit consists of two sperms cells physically associated with the vegetative nucleus.

The pollen tubes of gymnosperms grow faster than the pollen tubes of angiosperms.

Synergids produce chemicals that attract the pollen tube.

Endosperm may be an evolutionary derivative of a second embryo.

In angiosperms, embryogeny begins with a free nuclear stage.

Perisperm develops from the proliferation of the nucellus.

Exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp are the layers of the ovary wall in a fruit.

Essay Questions

1. Diversity in the Phylum Anthophyta; pp. 458–460; moderate

Define the term myco-heterotroph, and describe the interactions among the three types of organisms involved.

2. The Flower; p. 460; moderate

Define the terms “angiosperm” and “flower.” What is the relationship between these terms?

3. The Flower; pp. 460-461, 463; moderate

Draw a “complete” flower, and label all parts, including any collective names.

4. The Flower; pp. 463; easy

Can an incomplete flower be a perfect flower? Why or why not?

5. The Flower; pp. 464; moderate

Explain the terms adnation, connation, superior ovary, inferior ovary, hypogynous, epigynous, and perigynous.

6. The Angiosperm Life Cycle; pp. 465-466; moderate

Summarize the events of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis in angiosperms.

7. The Angiosperm Life Cycle; pp. 467-468; moderate

Summarize the main events of megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis in angiosperms.

8. The Angiosperm Life Cycle; pp. 468, 471; moderate

List the cells and nuclei that compose the eight-nucleate, seven-celled embryo sac, and explain the eventual fate of each.

9. The Angiosperm Life Cycle; pp. 468, 470; difficult

Describe the three different types of embryo sacs found most commonly in angiosperms.

10. The Angiosperm Life Cycle; p. 471; difficult

List the events that occur between pollination and fertilization.

11. The Angiosperm Life Cycle; p. 471; easy

Describe the two fertilization events of “double fertilization.”

12. The Angiosperm Life Cycle; p. 474; moderate

Compare and contrast the origin and ploidy of the stored food in angiosperms and gymnosperms.