Evolution Of The Angiosperms Exam Questions Chapter 20 - MCQ Test Bank | Raven Biology of Plants - 8e by Evert and Eichhorn by Ray F. Evert, Susan E. Eichhorn. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 20: Evolution of the Angiosperms
Multiple-Choice Questions
Angiosperms first appear in the fossil record in the ______ period.
a. Devonian
b. Carboniferous
c. Triassic
d. Cretaceous
e. Tertiary
The most recent evidence indicates that:
a. Wielandiella lacks flowerlike strobili.
b. The angiosperms have close relatives among the living gymnosperms.
c. The gnetophytes are the most recent angiosperm ancestors.
d. The Bennettitales are the most recent angiosperm ancestors.
e. The Caytoniales are the most recent angiosperm ancestors.
Which of the following is NOT a unique characteristic of the angiosperms?
a. Double fertilization producing endosperm
b. Stamens with four pairs of pollen sacs
c. A three-nucleate microgametophyte
d. A reduced (e.g., seven-celled, eight-nucleate) megagametophyte
e. Phloem having sieve tube elements and companion cells
The monocots and eudicots comprise approximately _____ percent of living angiosperms.
a. 97
b. 63
c. 50
d. 10
e. 3
Which of the following do NOT have single-pored pollen?
a. monocots
b. Amborellaceae
c. Nymphaeales
d. Australobaileyales
e. eudicots
Which of the following statements concerning Amborella is FALSE?
a. It lacks vessels.
b. It belongs to the Mesangiospermae.
c. It has monoaperturate pollen.
d. It has an eight-celled, nine-nucleat embryo sac.
e. It is a basal grade angiosperm.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Archaefructus?
a. seeds enclosed in carpels
b. stamens
c. petals
d. dissected leaves
e. an aquatic habitat
The original angiosperms most likely:
a. had large flowers.
b. had complex pollination systems.
c. were terrestrial.
d. had simple flowers.
e. had vessel elements.
In most angiosperms, petals are probably evolutionary derivatives of:
a. stamens.
b. sepals.
c. carpels.
d. receptacles.
e. peduncles.
In contrast to living angiosperms, the stamens of archaic angiosperms:
a. have thin filaments.
b. have thick anthers.
c. have terminal anthers.
d. are much less diverse in structure.
e. are colored and fleshy.
In archaic angiosperms, the carpels:
a. are leaflike.
b. are fused.
c. are completely closed.
d. lack ovules.
e. are sharply differentiated into stigma, style, and ovary.
Which of the following is NOT an evolutionary trend among flowers?
a. from radial symmetry to bilateral symmetry
b. from unfused floral parts to fused floral parts
c. from an inferior ovary to a superior ovary
d. from an indefinite number of parts to a definite number of parts
e. from an undifferentiated perianth to one differentiated into a distinct calyx and corolla
Ray flowers and disk flowers are characteristic of the:
a. Magnoliaceae.
b. Asteraceae.
c. Piperaceae.
d. Orchidaceae.
e. Aristolochiaceae.
The largest angiosperm family is the:
a. Magnoliaceae.
b. Asteraceae.
c. Piperaceae.
d. Orchidaceae.
e. Aristolochiaceae.
The pollinium consists of the:
a. anther and filament.
b. contents of an anther.
c. stamen fused with the stigma and style.
d. two lateral petals and the cuplike lip.
e. meristems used to clone orchids.
Which of the following was NOT an evolutionary adaptation of angiosperms in response to insects?
a. closed carpels
b. inferior ovary
c. edible flower parts
d. floral nectaries
e. unisexual flowers
The most important flower-visiting animals in angiosperm evolution are:
a. bees.
b. birds.
c. beetles.
d. bats.
e. moths and butterflies.
Which of the following is NOT an example of coevolution of bees and flowers?
a. Bees have body parts adapted to collect and carry nectar.
b. Bees have body parts adapted to collect and carry pollen.
c. Flowers pollinated by bees are usually red.
d. Flowers pollinated by bees have distinctive markings.
e. Flowers pollinated by bees have showy, brightly colored petals.
Flowers with a long corolla tube are most likely pollinated by:
a. bats.
b. birds.
c. moths.
d. bees.
e. beetles.
Which of the following statements concerning pollination by “deception” is FALSE?
a. “Food-deception” is practiced by about one-third of orchid species.
b. “Sex-deception” occurs exclusively in the grasses.
c. Food-deceivers mimic the appearance of food-rewarding flowers.
d. Sex-deceivers mimic the appearance of a female insect.
e. Sex-deceivers give off fragrances that resemble pheromones.
Most flowers pollinated by birds:
a. are blue or purple.
b. are red or yellow.
c. are white.
d. have a strong odor.
e. have landing platforms.
Which of the following statements about most bat-pollinated flowers is FALSE?
a. They are dull colored.
b. They produce copious nectar.
c. They are relatively odorless.
d. They often hang down on long stalks.
e. They open only at night.
Flowers pollinated by ______ are most likely to produce no nectar, have dull colors, are relatively small, and have the sexes separated on the same plant.
a. bats
b. bees
c. butterflies
d. wind
e. beetles
The red, orange, and yellow pigments of flowers are:
a. anthocyanins.
b. flavonols.
c. flavonoids.
d. carotenoids.
e. betacyanins.
The most important pigments in floral coloration are:
a. anthocyanins.
b. flavonols.
c. flavonoids.
d. carotenoids.
e. betacyanins.
The red and blue pigments stored in vacuoles in flowers are:
a. anthocyanins.
b. flavonols.
c. betalains.
d. carotenoids.
e. betacyanins.
______ are flavonoids that vary in color with the pH of the cell sap.
a. Betacyanins
b. Anthocyanins
c. Betalains
d. Carotenoids
e. Chlorophylls
Ultraviolet absorbance in flowers is related to the presence of:
a. anthocyanins.
b. flavonols.
c. chlorophylls.
d. flavonoids.
e. carotenoids.
The red color of beets is due to the presence of:
a. anthocyanins.
b. flavonols.
c. chlorophylls.
d. betacyanins.
e. carotenoids.
By definition an accessory fruit develops from:
a. a single ovary only.
b. an ovary plus additional flower parts.
c. several carpels of one gynoecium.
d. the gynoecia of more than one flower.
e. a receptacle only.
By definition, a parthenocarpic fruit lacks:
a. petals.
b. carpels.
c. receptacles.
d. seeds.
e. stamens.
Apples and pears are:
a. aggregate fruits.
b. multiple fruits.
c. simple accessory fruits.
d. aggregate accessory fruits.
e. parthenocarpic fruits.
A simple fruit in which the inner layer of the fruit wall is fleshy is a(n):
a. berry.
b. drupe.
c. pome.
d. follicle.
e. achene.
A simple fruit in which the fleshy portion is derived largely from the base of the perianth is a(n):
a. berry.
b. drupe.
c. pome.
d. follicle.
e. achene.
By definition, an indehiscent fruit:
a. is fleshy.
b. has a single carpel.
c. does not break open at maturity.
d. has an inferior ovary.
e. has a stony endocarp.
The fruit characteristic of the pea family is a(n):
a. achene.
b. follicle.
c. legume.
d. silique.
e. capsule.
Which of the following is NOT an indehiscent fruit?
a. caryopsis
b. nut
c. samara
d. schizocarp
e. capsule
The grains typical of the grass family are a type of fruit known as a:
a. samara.
b. follicle.
c. caryopsis.
d. silique.
e. capsule.
A _______, characteristic of the pea family and others, splits open at maturity into two or more one-seeded portions.
a. cypsela
b. schizocarp
c. caryopsis
d. legume
e. silique
Which of the following is NOT an adaptation specific to wind-borne fruits or seeds?
a. plume-like pappus
b. tissue with large air spaces
c. woolly hairs
d. wings
e. dust-like consistency
In ______, the seeds are shot aloft from the plant.
a. tumbleweed
b. willows and poplars
c. Linaria
d. Impatiens
e. the Asteraceae
The function of elaiosomes is to:
a. provide food for ants.
b. produce noxious chemicals that deter herbivores.
c. facilitate dispersal by wind.
d. facilitate dispersal by water.
e. adhere to the fur or feathers of animals.
What is the apparent function of most secondary plant products?
a. attracting pollinators
b. facilitating fruit or seed dispersal
c. serving as plant hormones
d. serving as sources of energy for the plant
e. restricting the palatability of the plant to herbivores
A relationship between plants of the mustard family Brassicaceae and larvae of the butterfly family Pierinae has developed such that the larvae:
a. die when they eat the plants.
b. escape predation by mimicry.
c. provide food for the ants that live on the plants.
d. feed only on those plants.
e. protect the plants from herbivores.
Which of the following statements about the coevolution of angiosperms and insects is FALSE?
a. Angiosperms exhibit a wide variety of pollination mechanisms.
b. Angiosperms exhibit a wide variety of fruit-dispersal mechanisms.
c. Whole families of plants are associated with major groups of plant-eating insects.
d. Whole families of plants can be characterized biochemically.
e. Many of the possible coevolution variants have evolved only once within a particular plant family.
True-False Questions
Gnetophytes are more closely related to angiosperms than to gymnosperms.
Archaefructus is the earliest angiosperm whole-plant fossil.
Molecular evidence indicates the angiosperms are 125 million years old.
Like gymnosperms, the earliest angiosperms had pollen grains with a single pore.
The monocots and eudicots each had a common ancestor.
The Nymphaeales (water lilies) are classified as basal angiosperms.
Amborella is a sister group of the Mesangiospermae.
Archaic members of the waterlily family (Nymphaeaceae) arose before the divergence of the monocots and eudicots.
The magnoliids were the first lineage to diverge within the Mesangiospermae.
Archaefructus is the first intact fossil of a mature eudicot.
In the earliest angiosperms, sepals normally have the same number of vascular strands as the leaves of the same plant.
In angiosperms, there is a general trend from bilateral to radial symmetry.
A pollinium is a pollen-dispersal unit characteristic of the Orchidaceae.
“Honey guides” are usually located on the petals of bee-pollinated flowers.
The nectary of a moth-pollinated flower is usually at the top of the corolla tube.
In “food-deception,” the plant signals the presence of nectar without providing it.
Wind-pollinated flowers often have feathery outgrowths for intercepting pollen grains.
Most red and blue plant pigments are anthocyanins.
Bougainvillea flowers are red due to the presence of anthocyanins as well as betacyanins.
A parthenocarpic fruit is one that develops without seeds
A multiple fruit develops from an apocarpous gynoecium.
Either seeds or fruits may have wings or plumes for wind dispersal.
An example of a secondary metabolite is caffeine.
In plants, the main role of chemicals such as cocaine and nicotine seems to be attracting pollinators.
Many insects that eat noxious plants are brightly colored.
Essay Questions
1. Phylogenetic Relationships of the Angiosperms; pp. 478-480, 482 (Fig. 20-7); difficult
Draw a cladogram that indicates the phylogenetic relationships among the following groups of angiosperms: basal angiosperms, magnoliids, eudicots, Amborellales, Nymphaeales, Australobaileyales, and Mesangiospermae.
2. Phylogenetic Relationships of the Angiosperms; pp. 478, 480-481; difficult
Why are Archaefructus and Leefructus mirus evolutionarily important?
3. Evolution of the Flower; pp. 482–483; moderate
Discuss the evolution of the perianth, stamens, and carpels.
4. Evolution of the Flower; pp. 483–485; moderate
List the four evolutionary trends among flowers. What factor was particularly important in accelerating these trends?
5. Evolution of the Flower; pp. 487–490; moderate
In what ways have plants “transcended their rooted condition” and become mobile?
6. Evolution of the Flower; Evolution of Fruits; Biochemical Coevolution;
pp. 487–495; difficult
Discuss the coevolution of angiosperms and animals in terms of pollination, fruit dispersal, and secondary plant products.
7. Evolution of the Flower; pp. 487–490; difficult
What is the relationship between the color and scent of a flower and the manner in which that flower is pollinated?
8. Evolution of the Flower; pp. 490–492; moderate
List the different types of flower pigments and the colors for which they are responsible. Where in the plant cell is each located?
9. Evolution of Fruits; pp. 492–494; easy
From an evolutionary point of view, what is the function of fruits? Give examples to support your answer.
10. Evolution of Fruits; pp. 492–494; moderate
Distinguish between fleshy fruits, dry indehiscent fruits, and dry dehiscent fruits. Give an example of each.
11. Evolution of Fruits; pp. 494–495; moderate
Discuss some of the evolutionary adaptations of fruits and seeds to dispersal by animals.
12. Biochemical Coevolution; p. 497; difficult
Discuss the role of secondary plant products in the coevolution of plants and animals.
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MCQ Test Bank | Raven Biology of Plants - 8e by Evert and Eichhorn
By Ray F. Evert, Susan E. Eichhorn