Test Bank – Ch21 Biotechnology | 7th Edition

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1) The first hormone to be made by recombinant bacteria was __________.

A) insulin
B) glucagon
C) somatostatin
D) testosterone

2) You are charged with the task of expressing a protein in bacteria that will be used to treat a disease in humans. This will require the expression of the desired protein and then its purification from bacteria. What is a suitable strategy to efficienty express and purify the protein of interest?

A) Add a methionine codon into the middle of the coding sequence of the gene of interest so that you can follow its synthesis with radioactive methionine that is added to the growth media.
B) Clone the gene so that it is under the control of the Beta-gal promoter.
C) Create a chimeric gene that has the coding sequences of the desired protein fused to the gene of a protein that is easily isolated.
D) Add several codons to the end of the gene of interest to increase its mass.

3) What is the purpose of the cyanogen bromide (CNBr) in the manufacture of insulin by recombinant bacteria?

A) Allows for the uptake of the plasmid
B) Enhances the activity of the restriction enzymes
C) Creates sticky ends for integration into the plasmid
D) Cleaves the protein from the beta-galactosidase protein

4) Bioremediation has been used to treat which of the following?

A) Oil spills
B) Sewage
C) Pesticides
D) Heavy metals
E) All of these choices have been successfully remediated.

5) In sickle cell anemia individuals are homozygous for a mutant allele of beta hemoglobin. If individuals are heterozygous for the mutant allele they do not have as severe a disease but will still experience complications. Would this disease best be treated with gene replacement or gene addition?

A) Gene replacement
B) Gene addition
C) Both approaches would be able to cure individuals
D) Neither approach would result in cure for the disease

6) Which of the following organisms is used by molecular biologists to produce transgenic plants?

A) E. coli
B) Lambda phage
C) Bacteriophage l
D) Agrobacterium tumefaciens

7) In the production of transgenic plants, the gene that confers resistance to which antibiotic is most commonly used to indicate that a cell has taken up the T DNA that includes the cloned gene?

A) Ampicillin
B) Neomycin
C) Streptomycin
D) Kanamycin

8) Which of the following mechanisms uses high-velocity microprojectiles, coated with DNA, to produce a transgenic plant?

A) A. tumefaciens
B) Electroporation
C) Microinjection
D) Biolistic gene transfer

9) Although Dolly was only three years old, her chromosomes had the length of a 9-10 year old sheep. Which of the following best describes why this occurred?

A) The cell line that created Dolly was aged prematurely in the lab.
B) The chromosomes underwent nonhomologous recombination.
C) A mutation enhanced the rate of aging.
D) Dolly was not a clone.
E) The telomeres of the somatic cells that Dolly originated from were shortening.

10) Which of the following terms represents a cell that can form any other cell of the organism?

A) Pluripotent
B) Totipotent
C) Unipotent

11) Which of the following cells is not pluripotent?

A) ES cells
B) EG cells
C) None of these choices are pluripotent
D) Both ES and EG are pluripotent

12) Hematopoietic stem cells are _________.

A) Pluripotent
B) Totipotent
C) Unipotent
D) Multipotent

13) Bone marrow transplants typically use what type of cells?

A) Embryonic stem cells
B) Embryonic germ cells
C) Embryonic carcinoma cells
D) Hematopoietic stem cells

14) The origins of which of the following cell types creates the least amount of ethical debate?

A) EG cells
B) EC cells
C) Hematopoietic stem cells
D) ES cells

15) Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a transgenic plant?

A) Widely accepted by the public
B) Increased resistance to disease and pests
C) Adaptability to harsh environments
D) Improved shelf life

16) Which of the following is an example of a pluripotent cell?

A) Embryonic stem cells
B) Red blood cells
C) Fetal heart cells
D) B cells of the lymphatic system
E) Nerve cells

17) In creating transgenic animals it a frequent occurence for there to be different levels of expression of the transgene in animals derived from different embryos. What is the most likely explanation for this?

A) The transgene promoters have been mutated.
B) The transgenes have integrated at different places in the genome.
C) The DNA becomes fragmented when it is injected into the ES cells and some transgenes are damaged.
D) The RNA is modified differently for the different injections of transgenes.

18) Some diseases or syndromes have been modeled in mice using transgenic techniques. However for some of these models, drugs that seem to be successful in treating mice in regard to changing their symptomology have been failures in human trials. What is the most likely reason for this?

A) The genes that are selected to create the transgenic animals are not involved in the disease process.
B) The process by which mice utilize the drugs biochemically is different than how humans utilize the drugs.
C) Humans have a longer life span.
D) The symptomology in the mice is not due to the transgenes.

19) Researchers wants to overexpress a protein and purify it from bacteria. In order for their DNA construct to express the desired protein, they use a beta-galactosidase promoter to regulate transcription of the cDNA clone of their gene. When they check for protein expression they find that it is lower than they want. What would be one thing they could try to boost their protein yield?

A) Add ampicillin to the media
B) Lower the incubation temperature for the bacteria
C) Add allolactose to the media
D) Increase the incubation temperature for the bacteria

20) Why should it be easier to treat sickle cell disease as opposed to Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A) Sickle cell disease could be treated by replacing the hematopoetic stem cells.
B) The normal gene for sickle cell is small and the Duchenne's gene is very large.
C) Duchenne's is an X-linked disease, while sickle cell is not.
D) They both should be equally treatable.

21) If the ewe that donated the nucleus to create Dolly had had a mitochondrial disease what would have been the outcome?

A) Dolly would have had the disease if the gene that was responsible for the disorder was in the mitochondral genome.
B) Dolly would not have had the disease if the mutated gene was in the mitochondrial genome.
C) Dolly would have had the disorder whether or not the gene that was mutated was in the mitochondrial or in the nuclear genome.
D) The experiment would not have worked at all if Dolly's nuclei came from an ewe that had defective mitochondria.

22) A researcher set up an experiment to express a protein in both a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell and isolates the protein from both sources. When tested, the eukaryotic derived protein is active but the prokaryotic protein is not. What do you think the researcher should do to get an active protein from the prokaryotic cell?

A) Refold it
B) Run the experiment again because it was probably due to a mistake
C) Try expressing higher levels in the prokaryotic cell
D) Try using a different promoter to express the gene in the prokaryotic cell

23) Genetically modified glyphosate-resistant crops are being planted at increasing rates with a concomittant increase in glyphosate use. What is a potential problem would you predict from this practice?

A) Decreased population levels of honey bees
B) Increased rates of weeds that are glyphosate resistant
C) Decreased yields of crops
D) Increased rates of insect predation on crop plants

24) Researchers wish to increase the efficiency of chloroplasts using a chloroplast encoded gene they have modified. Using the Agrobacterium method, plants are created that carry the transgene of interest but there is no effect on chloroplast efficiency. Using biolistic transfer, however, results in plants that do have increased chloroplast efficiency. What is the probable explanation?

A) The transgene is toxic to the cell if it is coupled to T DNA.
B) Biolistic gene transfer can introduce DNA into chloroplasts.
C) Agrobacterium mutates the transgene.
D) The researcher does not know how to use Agrobacterium properly.

25) Unipotent cells may differentiate into all other cell types of the body.

⊚ true
⊚ false

26) The use of microorganisms or their products to alleviate plant disease is called biological control.

⊚ true
⊚ false

27) Biotransformation results in biodegradation.

⊚ true
⊚ false

28) A transgenic organism has recombinant DNA from another species integrated into its genome.

⊚ true
⊚ false

29) An organism that can be regenerated by somatic cells is called multipotent.

⊚ true
⊚ false

30) The process by which an electrical charge is used to introduce DNA into a cell to produce a transgenic organism is called electroporation.

⊚ true
⊚ false

31) The fact that in mammalian systems multiple genes may compensate for the loss of a gene is called gene redundancy.

⊚ true
⊚ false

32) Reproductive cloningis used to produce large amounts of mammalian proteins from transgenic agricultural animals such as cattle.

⊚ true
⊚ false

33) In gene addition, homologous recombination is used to remove the original gene and replace it with the cloned gene.

⊚ true
⊚ false

34) A possible explanation for a lack of observable phenotypic change in a knockout mouse may involve gene redundancy. <!--Markup Copied from Habitat-->

⊚ true
⊚ false

35) By creating gene knockouts, researchers can study how the loss of normal gene's function affects the organism.

⊚ true
⊚ false

36) When researchers produced a gene knockin by introducing the mutant human β-globin gene into mice, the resulting mice showed very severe symptoms of the disease.

⊚ true
⊚ false

37) All stem cells have the potential to differentiate.

⊚ true
⊚ false

38) A bone marrow transplant involves the transfer of multipotent stem cells.

⊚ true
⊚ false