Test Bank Ch.15 Protists Algae And Heterotrophic Protists

Chapter 15: Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Multiple-Choice Questions

Which of the following statements about protists is FALSE?

a. Some of the oldest fossil eukaryotes resembled protists.

b. They live mainly on land.

c. They exhibit zygotic, sporic, and gametic life cycles.

d. They include the slime molds.

e. Fungi, plants, and animals are derived from ancient protists.

Phytoplankton are:

a. heterotrophic.

b. exemplified by crustaceans.

c. one type of zooplankton.

d. organisms that are heavy enough to sink.

e. photosynthetic.

Which of the following statements about algal blooms is FALSE?

a. They are associated with water disturbed by humans.

b. They occur when algal growth is unchecked.

c. Some are known as brown tides.

d. The frequency of marine algal blooms has decreased globally.

e. They are often correlated with the release of toxic compounds.

Which of the following statements about euglenoids is FALSE?

a. All are flagellates.

b. Some are heterotrophic.

c. Some are autotrophic.

d. Most have a cell wall.

e. Most are unicellular.

The storage polysaccharide in euglenoids is:

a. starch.

b. lipid.

c. glycogen.

d. paramylon.

e. pellicle.

In the euglenoids, Rubisco and other enzymes involved in photosynthesis are located in the:

a. reservoir.

b. pellicle.

c. contractile vacuole.

d. paramylon.

e. pyrenoid.

Which of the following statements about cryptomonads is FALSE?

a. They are flagellates.

b. They are unicellular.

c. They live primarily in warm, surface waters.

d. They are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids.

e. They include autotrophs and heterotrophs.

The chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum is:

a. the innermost chloroplast membrane.

b. the space that contains a nucleomorph.

c. the outermost chloroplast membrane.

d. the space between the second and third chloroplast membranes.

e. the space that contains starch grains.

A coccolith, found in haptophytes, is a(n):

a. membrane of the chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum.

b. stonelike outgrowth of the plasma membrane.

c. endosymbiotic bacterial cell.

d. calcified scale on the cell surface.

e. calcium-containing Golgi vesicle.

Which of the following statements about dinoflagellates is FALSE?

a. They have three or more flagella in grooves.

b. They have permanently condensed chromosomes.

c. Many have stiff cellulosic plates.

d. They are unicellular.

e. About half are photosynthetic.

In a coral reef, zooxanthellae:

a. form a nonsymbiotic association with the coral polyps.

b. produce glycerol instead of starch.

c. grow only at ocean depths greater than 60 meters.

d. do not photosynthesize.

e. are located on the outer surface of the coral polyps.

Which of the following statements concerning the stramenopiles is FALSE?

a. They are also known as heterokonts.

b. They have hairs on one of their flagella.

c. They are related to certain heterotrophic protists.

d. Their name means “straw hairs.”

e. Their longer flagellum is ornamented with distinctive hairs.

Diatoms belong to the class:

a. Chrysophyceae.

b. Bacillariophyceae.

c. Chlorophyceae.

d. Phaeophyceae.

e. Xanthophyceae.

The cell walls of diatoms are composed of:

a. silica.

b. cellulose.

c. peptidoglycan.

d. chitin.

e. calcium carbonate.

Pennate diatoms:

a. lack frustrules.

b. have non-overlapping frustules.

c. have cell walls of peptidoglycan.

d. are radially symmetric.

e. are bilaterally symmetric.

Chrysophytes differ from diatoms in that chrysophytes:

a. have two flagella of unequal length.

b. contain the pigment fucoxanthin.

c. have chrysolaminarin as the carbohydrate food reserve.

d. may be unicellular or colonial.

e. have cell walls of cellulose or lack cell walls.

Vaucheria belongs to the class:

a. Bacillariophyceae

b. Chlorophyceae

c. Phaeophyceae

d. Chrysophyceae

e. Xanthophyceae

Members of the class Xanthophyceae:

a. contain fucoxanthin.

b. store food reserves as oil.

c. are mostly motile.

d. lack chloroplasts.

e. have cell walls primarily of silica.

Rockweeds and kelps belong to which class?

a. Bacillariophyceae

b. Chlorophyceae

c. Phaeophyceae

d. Chrysophyceae

e. Xanthophyceae

The food reserve in brown algae is:

a. floridean starch.

b. chrysolaminarin.

c. laminarin.

d. glycogen.

e. lipid.

Three defining characteristics of the brown algae are:

a. plurilocular sporangia, fucoxanthin, and laminarin.

b. plurilocular sporangia, unilocular sporangia, and fucoxanthin.

c. unilocular sporangia, algin, and plasmodesmata.

d. unilocular sporangia, mannitol, and plasmodesmata.

e. mannitol, fucoxanthin, and laminarin.

The main food reserve in red algae is:

a. amylopectin.

b. floridean starch.

c. glycogen.

d. lipid.

e. amylose.

The role of primary pit plugs in red algae is to:

a. interconnect cells.

b. produce toxic terpenoids.

c. store toxic terpenoids.

d. enhance photosynthesis.

e. deposit lignin.

In Polysiphonia, meiosis occurs inside a(n):

a. auxillary cell.

b. tetrasporangium.

c. spermatium.

d. trichogyne.

e. carpospore.

The life history of most red algae consists of the following phases:

a. gametophyte and carposporophyte.

b. gametophyte and tetrasporophyte.

c. carposporophyte and tetrasporophyte.

d. gametophyte, carposporophyte, and tetrasporophyte.

e. gametophyte, sporophyte, carposporophyte, and tetrasporophyte.

Cytokinesis in the Chlorophyceae involves a unique structure called a:

a. phragmoplast.

b. cleavage furrow.

c. flagellar root.

d. phycosome.

e. phycoplast.

One role of the flagellar root system is to:

a. produce the flagellum.

b. stimulate flagellar movement.

c. anchor the flagellum.

d. digest the flagellum during cell division.

e. produce the phragmoplast.

Which of the following statements about Chlamydomonas is FALSE?

a. The diploid phase is the dominant phase in its life cycle.

b. It has two flagella of equal length.

c. It undergoes zygotic meiosis.

d. It has no cellulose in its cell wall.

e. Its chloroplast contains a pyrenoid.

______ is a motile, colonial member of the Chlorophyceae.

a. Hydrodictyon

b. Halimeda

c. Volvox

d. Oedogonium

e. Chlorella

Which of the following statements about Volvox is FALSE?

a. It consists of a hollow sphere of cells.

b. Vegetative cells are nonflagellated.

c. Reproductive cells divide by mitosis to form juvenile spheroids.

d. Sexual reproduction is oogamous.

e. Male colonies may produce inducer molecules.

______ is a parenchymatous member of the Chlorophyceae.

a. Volvox

b. Cladophora

c. Ulva

d. Fritschiella

e. Acetabularia

Siphonous marine algae are characterized by:

a. short, unbranched filaments.

b. large, branched coenocytic cells.

c. a parenchymatous structure.

d. “caps” or annual scars.

e. large motile colonies.

______ is a member of the class Charophyceae that has an unbranched filamentous growth form.

a. Halimeda

b. Ulva

c. Chara

d. Oedogonium

e. Spirogyra

Which of the following structures is NOT associated with sexual reproduction in Spirogyra?

a. isogametes

b. conjugation tube

c. flagellated reproductive cells

d. sporopollenin

e. zygotic meiosis

Desmids belong to the:

a. order Coleochaetales.

b. order Charales.

c. class Charophyceae.

d. class Ulvophyceae.

e. class Chlorophyceae.

Which of the following features is NOT shared by Chara and certain plants?

a. apical growth

b. tissue organization in the nodal regions

c. flagellated cells other than sperm

d. pattern of plasmodesmatal connections

e. sporopollenin

Which of the following statements about oomycetes is FALSE?

a. They have cell walls of cellulose or cellulose-like polymers.

b. Asexually reproduction occurs by uniflagellate zoospores.

c. Their filaments resemble hyphae.

d. Sexual reproduction is oogamous.

e. Some are unicellular.

______ is a genus of homothallic water molds.

a. Saprolegnia

b. Achlya

c. Plasmopara

d. Pythium

e. Phytophthora

Which of the following statements about Phytophthora ramorum is FALSE?

a. It is an oomycete.

b. It is the cause of sudden oak syndrome.

c. It invades the bark of trees.

d. It kills the plant by girdling the trunk.

e. It infects oak trees but not other plants.

In the life cycle of the myxomycetes, meiosis occurs within:

a. the plasmodiocarps.

b. amoebas.

c. spores.

d. sclerotia.

e. aethalia.

In the life cycle of plasmodial slime molds, when gametes fuse they give rise to a:

a. microcyst.

b. sporangium.

c. spore.

d. plasmodium.

e. sclerotium.

In the life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum, myxamoebas aggregate to form a:

a. spore.

b. sclerotium.

c. sporangium.

d. plasmodium.

e. pseudoplasmodium.

Dictyostelium is used in the study of apoptosis, which is the:

a. aggregation of amoebas.

b. programmed cell death.

c. formation of resistant encysted structures.

d. morphological differentiation of a plasmodium.

e. loss of motility of amoebas.

In the Dictyostelium life cycle, myxamoebas aggregate by migrating along a gradient of:

a. cAMP.

b. glucose.

c. protein.

d. paramylon.

e. microtubules.

True-False Questions

The oldest fossil eukaryotic algae are unlike any alga living today.

Both phytoplankton and zooplankton are organisms that normally live suspended in water.

Algae can be cultivated for biofuel production.

In Euglenoids, a flexible structure called the pyrenoid allows the cell to change shape.

Cryptomonads arose through the fusion of a heterotrophic and a photosynthetic eukaryotic cell.

The cryptomonad chloroplast is surrounded by four membranes.

A haptonema is a flat scale on the outer surface of a haptophyte cell.

Dinoflagellates are unique in having two flagella that beat within grooves.

Centric diatoms are radially symmetrical.

All pennate diatoms seem to possess a groove, called a raphe, in their frustules.

All members of Class Chrysophyceae have cell walls of cellulose.

Dinobryon is a representative member of Class Chrysophyceae.

Members of the class Xanthophyceae store their food reserves as glycogen.

The thalli of brown algae may consist of tissue-like pseudoparenchyma.

Kelps produce algin, which is used to emulsify foods.

In the Ectocarpus life cycle, the sporophyte produces plurilocular and unilocular sporangia.

Cell wall constituents of the red algae are used commercially to produce agar and carrageenans.

The life history of most red algae has three phases: a haploid gametophyte, a diploid zygote, and a diploid tetrasporophyte.

In Volvox, spheroids turn inside out before they become motile.

Desmids are members of the Ulvophyceae with cells consisting of two sections joined by an isthmus.

The stoneworts are green algae that produce flagellated sperm in complex multicellular antheridia.

Phytophthora infestans is a myxomycetea responsible for the great potato famine of 1846−1849 in Ireland.

In the myxomycete life cycle, the protoplast of spores forms amoeboid or flagellated cells that are interconvertible.

When cells of Dictyostelium aggregate, they fuse to form a multinucleate pseudoplasmodium.

Essay Questions

1. Introduction; pp. 317–320; moderate

Explain some of the problems faced by evolutionary biologists when trying to define “protist.”

2. Ecology of the Algae; pp. 320–322; moderate

Discuss some of the roles played by algae in ecosystems around the world.

3. Euglenoids; p. 324; moderate

Describe the distinctive cellular features of the euglenoids.

4. Cryptomonads: Phylum Cryptophyta; pp. 324–325; moderate

Is a cryptomonad one organism or two? Explain your answer.

5. Haptophytes: Phylum Haptophyta; pp. 326-327; moderate

Describe the two distinctive features shared by all members of the phylum Haptophyta.

6. Dinoflagellates; pp. 328–330; moderate

What is the relationship between the dinoflagellate cyst and the involvement of dinoflagellates in blooms and fish kills?

7. Photosynthetic Stramenopiles; pp. 330-331; moderate

How does the unique nature of the diatom cell wall affect cell division, generation after generation?

8. Photosynthetic Stramenopiles; pp. 337−340; difficult

Compare and contrast the life cycles of Laminaria and Fucus.

9. Red Algae: Phylum Rhodophyta; p. 343; difficult

Describe the three phases in the life history of most red algae.

10. Green Algae; pp. 346–347; moderate

Describe the events that occur during cytokinesis in the Chlorophyceae.

11. Green Algae; pp. 357–358; difficult

Give evidence to support the hypothesis that the Charales are the closest living relatives of the first plants.

12. Heterotrophic Protists; pp. 360–363; difficult

Compare and contrast the life cycles of the plasmodial and cellular slime molds.