Chapter 15: Cognitive Psychotherapy and Mindfulness-Based Therapies

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Since the 1980s, the popularity of cognitive psychotherapy among clinical psychologists has ______.

A. increased

B. remained constant

C. decreased slightly

D. decreased greatly

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cognitive Psychotherapy and Mindfulness-Based Therapies

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Cognitive therapy ______.

A. tends to be brief and unstructured

B. has become a less prominent approach to psychotherapy in the 21st century

C. represents a reaction against behavioral and psychodynamic approaches

D. was established by Albert Bandura

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cognitive Psychotherapy and Mindfulness-Based Therapies

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. ______ are considered leaders in the cognitive therapy movement.

A. Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis

B. Sigmund Freud and Karen Horney

C. Carl Jung and Fritz Perls

D. John Watson and Edward Thorndike

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cognitive Psychotherapy and Mindfulness-Based Therapies

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The primary goal of cognitive psychotherapy is ______.

A. observable behavior change via contingency management

B. to make the unconscious conscious

C. logical thinking

D. self-actualization

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Goal of Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The idea that the way we think about events determines the way we respond to them is a cornerstone of ______ therapy.

A. cognitive

B. behavioral

C. humanistic

D. psychodynamic

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Importance of Cognition

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Cognitive therapists ______.

A. use the terms thoughts, beliefs, and assumptions to refer to cognitions

B. believe that psychopathology results directly from the things that happen to us

C. acknowledge the usefulness of the psychoanalytic technique of word association

D. attempt to “read” patients’ thoughts by observing nonverbal behaviors

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Importance of Cognition

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. According to the cognitive approach to psychotherapy, psychological problems arise from ______.

A. fixations at particular developmental stages in childhood

B. classical or operant conditioning

C. illogical thoughts or interpretations of events in our lives

D. incongruence between the real self and the ideal self

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Importance of Cognition

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Which of the following best describes the three-step process typically used by cognitive psychotherapists to revise a client’s cognitions?

A. identify illogical thoughts, teach relaxation skills, countercondition illogical thoughts

B. identify illogical thoughts, challenge illogical thoughts, replace illogical thoughts with more logical thoughts

C. make unconscious illogical thoughts conscious, interpret illogical thoughts, work through illogical thoughts

D. identify illogical thoughts, reflect emotional content of illogical thoughts, empathize with difficulties caused by illogical thoughts

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Revising Cognitions

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Which of the following forms of therapy most strongly emphasizes the use of teaching as a therapy tool?

A. behavioral

B. psychodynamic

C. humanistic

D. cognitive

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Teaching as a Therapy Tool

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Homework assigned as a part of cognitive therapy ______.

A. often involves attending peer-led workshops

B. may be written or behavioral

C. is rarely discussed during subsequent sessions

D. is best conceptualized as a behavioral activation technique

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Homework

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Compared to psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive psychotherapy tends to ______.

A. require a greater number of sessions

B. emphasize the past rather than the present

C. derive its roots from ancient dream analysis techniques

D. focus on the client’s current problems

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A Brief, Structured, Focused Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which of the following is TRUE regarding cognitive psychotherapy?

A. Cognitive psychotherapy is typically more structured and less spontaneous than humanistic psychotherapy.

B. Compared to behavioral psychotherapy, cognitive psychotherapy deemphasizes internal, mental processes.

C. Relative to psychodynamic therapy, cognitive therapy’s typical treatment length is 10–15 sessions longer.

D. Cognitive therapy is typically more costly than psychoanalytic treatment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A Brief, Structured, Focused Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Who among the following is not recognized as a leading proponent of cognitive therapy?

A. William Miller

B. Aaron Beck

C. Albert Ellis

D. Judith Beck

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Two Approaches to Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is the therapy approach created by ______.

A. Albert Ellis

B. Aaron Beck

C. Donald Meichenbaum

D. B. F. Skinner

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Albert Ellis

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. According to Ellis’ ABCDE model, “C” represents ______.

A. cognition

B. emotional consequence

C. choice behavior

D. applied conditioning

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The ABCDE Model

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. According to Ellis’ ABCDE model, “D” represents ______.

A. a discussion of the feelings resulting from the client’s irrational thoughts

B. the drive with which the irrational thought is associated

C. the domain of the client’s life negatively influenced by the irrational thought

D. a dispute of the client’s irrational thoughts

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The ABCDE Model

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Elise’s psychologist asks her to keep a record of beliefs that she has about events that happened to her, as well as how those beliefs make her feel emotionally. With the assistance of her psychologist, Elise learns how she can dispute such beliefs and replace them with more effective new beliefs. Elise’s psychologist is likely treating her with ______.

A. exposure and response prevention

B. cognitive reshaping

C. rational emotive behavior therapy

D. cognitive triad therapy

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The ABCDE Model

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. ______ is to Aaron Beck as ______ is to Albert Ellis.

A. Rational emotive behavior therapy; cognitive therapy

B. Cognitive therapy; rational emotive behavior therapy

C. Systematic desensitization; assertiveness training

D. Assertiveness training; systematic desensitization

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Two Approaches to Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Aaron Beck has argued that the cognitive triad, which includes thoughts about ______, is a powerful determinant of mental health and depression levels.

A. family, friends, and acquaintances

B. the self, the external world, and the future

C. religion, wealth, and politics

D. an individual, a group, and a nation

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Aaron Beck

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. ______ would likely have his patients compete an ABCDE chart, whereas ______ would likely have his patients complete a dysfunctional thought record.

A. George Harris; Martin Seligman

B. Albert Ellis; Aaron Beck

C. Martin Seligman; George Harris

D. Aaron Beck; Albert Ellis

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Two Approaches to Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Natalie, a psychotherapy client, is depressed about a recent breakup with her boyfriend. She believes that the breakup is entirely her fault and that if she had done things differently, she would not be alone now. This belief best exemplifies the cognitive thought distortion known as ______.

A. all-or-nothing thinking

B. catastrophizing

C. personalization

D. mental filtering

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Common Thought Distortions

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. The cognitive thought distortion defined as expecting the worst in the future when it is actually unlikely to occur is ______.

A. all-or-nothing thinking

B. catastrophizing

C. personalization

D. overgeneralization

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Common Thought Distortions

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. The cognitive thought distortion defined as assuming excessive personal responsibility for negative events is ______.

A. all-or-nothing thinking

B. catastrophizing

C. personalization

D. overgeneralization

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Common Thought Distortions

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. The use of cognitive psychotherapy for medical problems ______.

A. has not yet occurred

B. was a primary focus of the early work of Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis but has declined in recent decades

C. has been empirically demonstrated to be more beneficial than prescription medications for ulcers, diabetes, and influenza

D. has increased significantly in recent decades

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cognitive Therapy for Medical Problems

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Third-wave therapies ______.

A. have mindfulness as a core component of their treatment approach

B. include acceptance and remission therapy and metabehavioral therapy

C. have little empirical support

D. promote the religion of Buddhism

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Third Wave: Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Therapies

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. ______ refers to being able to pay attention in the present moment to whatever arises internally or externally, without becoming entangled or wishing things were otherwise.

A. Personalization

B. All-or-nothing thinking

C. Mindfulness

D. Commitment thinking

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Third Wave: Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Therapies

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. ______ is a cognitive technique that focuses on accepting internal psychological experiences, including emotions, thoughts, and sensations.

A. Rational emotive behavior therapy

B. Dialectical behavior therapy

C. Acceptance and commitment therapy

D. Metacognitive therapy

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Dialectical behavior therapy, developed by Marsha Linehan, has been found effective in the treatment of ______.

A. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

B. borderline personality disorder

C. individuals with work-related problems that do not qualify as mental disorders

D. obsessive-compulsive disorder

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. ______ is a cognitive technique that believes when young children are exposed to poor parenting, they are likely to develop deep-seated, maladaptive cognitions about themselves and their relationships to others.

A. Rational emotive therapy

B. Metacognitive psychotherapy

C. Acceptance and commitment therapy

D. Schema therapy

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Schema Therapy

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Cognitive psychotherapy ______.

A. has not yet been found efficacious in the treatment of any specific psychological disorders

B. emphasizes objective measures of psychotherapy outcome to a greater extent than psychodynamic psychotherapy

C. is less effective than many humanistic approaches

D. is not a recommended approach for the treatment of personality disorders

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Well Does It Work?

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. The term third-wave therapies are most often applied to ______.

A. therapies based on mindfulness and acceptance

B. brief psychodynamic therapies

C. therapies based on classical conditioning

D. play therapies

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Third Wave: Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Therapies

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. ______ can be defined as full engagement with one’s own internal mental processes in a nonconfrontational way, which often involves a reduction in ______.

A. Schema therapy; acceptance

B. Metacognitive therapy; cognitive restructuring

C. Insight; transference

D. Mindfulness; experiential avoidance

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Third Wave: Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Therapies

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is most closely associated with ______.

A. Marsha Linehan

B. Judith Beck

C. Steven Hayes

D. Aaron Beck

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Which of the following statements about empirical studies of cognitive therapy is NOT true?

A. Studies demonstrate support for DBT’s use with borderline personality disorder patients.

B. Studies have found that homework enhances therapy outcome.

C. Studies include support for the treatment of anxiety and mood disorders with ACT.

D. Studies suggest mindfulness may not be as beneficial as originally suggested by its proponents.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Well Does It Work?

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. Who created rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Two Approaches to Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. What are the five components of the ABCDE model?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Two Approaches to Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Whose name is most prominently associated with the form of cognitive therapy that uses Dysfunctional Thought Records?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Two Approaches to Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. ______ is a thought distortion in which the patient irrationally evaluates everything as either wonderful or terrible, with no middle ground.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Two Approaches to Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. ______, defined as the ability to be able to pay attention in the present moment to whatever arises internally or externally, is at the core of third wave therapies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Recent Applications of Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Who created dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Recent Applications of Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. ______ is based on the premise that people can become depressed, anxious, or otherwise psychologically unwell because of reactions to their own thoughts rather than their reactions to the things that happen to them.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Recent Applications of Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Name two of Beck’s thought distortions.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Goal of Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Describe the five components of Ellis’ ABCDE model.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Two Approaches to Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What are the three parts of Beck’s cognitive triad? How are the parts of the triad related to mental health?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Two Approaches to Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Briefly describe the two historical developments that contributed to the development of cognitive psychotherapy in the 1950s and 1960s.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Two Approaches to Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Define the common thought distortion known as overgeneralization, and offer a fictional example that a client might bring to a clinical psychologist.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Two Approaches to Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Define the common thought distortion known as mind reading, and offer a fictional example that a client might bring to a clinical psychologist.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Two Approaches to Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Briefly describe and explain schema therapy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Recent Applications of Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Medium