Test Bank Answers Stems Ch6

Stern's Introductory Plant Biology, 14e (Bidlack)

Chapter 6 Stems

1) When three or more leaves occur at a node, the leaf arrangement is said to be

A) opposite.

B) triplicate.

C) alternate.

D) whorled.

E) crowded.

2) Axillary buds are found in

A) angles between the petioles and the stem.

B) along internodes.

C) at tips of stems.

D) on terminal buds.

E) on roots.

3) A twig's age can be determined by

A) counting the number of leaves or leaf scars on it.

B) counting the number of groups of bud scale scars on it.

C) measuring the distances between nodes.

D) counting nodes.

E) examining its pith.

4) Paired appendages associated with leaf petioles are ________.

A) bundle scars

B) primordia

C) stipules

D) cuticles

E) leaf scars

5) Stems and roots exhibit indeterminate growth which means:

A) they have a growth pattern similar to animals.

B) they grow only during the first season regardless of how long the plant lives.

C) they grow throughout the lifetime of the plant.

D) they exhibit only secondary growth.

E) they exhibit only primary growth.

6) Leaves and buds are attached to the stem at the

A) internodes.

B) axils.

C) apex.

D) nodes.

E) sides.

7) The leaf arrangement of a stem with one leaf at each node is called ________.

A) whorled

B) decussate

C) opposite

D) scattered

E) alternate

8) Most leaves are attached to the stem by the ________.

A) adventitious buds

B) internodes

C) petiole

D) petiolule

E) bud scales

9) An annual ring

A) consists primarily of cells produced by an apical meristem.

B) consists of one year's growth of xylem and phloem.

C) consists of one year's growth of xylem.

D) includes cortex and pith tissue.

E) conducts food.

10) In a mature, woody dicot stem, the tissue between the xylem and the phloem is the ________.

A) vascular cambium

B) cortex

C) apical meristem

D) cork cambium

E) pith

11) Which of the following gives rise to primary tissues?

A) procambium

B) phelloderm

C) cork cambium

D) vascular cambium

E) phloem rays

12) The procambium produces

A) secondary xylem and phloem.

B) cortex.

C) pith.

D) epidermis.

E) primary xylem and phloem.

13) The ________ is a primary meristem that produces parenchyma cells of the cortex.

A) procambium

B) ground meristem

C) protoderm

D) phelloderm

E) pericycle

14) Primary meristems are produced by cell division in the ________.

A) shoot apical meristem

B) leaf primordia

C) vascular cambium

D) cork cambium

E) ray initials

15) Which of the following describe leaf gaps and bud gaps?

A) gaps in the cylinders of xylem and phloem where traces branch off from them

B) air spaces in leaves

C) spaces on internodes between leaves

D) spaces between bud scales

E) None of these answers are correct.

16) Cells produced by the vascular cambium do NOT include

A) tracheids.

B) vessel elements.

C) phelloderm.

D) sieve-tube elements.

E) companion cells.

17) Increase in girth of a tree is due to the activity of

A) procambium.

B) ground meristem.

C) protoderm.

D) vascular cambium.

E) periderm.

18) As woody stems age, lenticels develop directly beneath

A) outer xylem.

B) stomata.

C) axillary buds.

D) terminal buds.

E) outer phloem.

19) An increment borer is

A) a beetle that consumes wood in several small stages.

B) an instrument used for determining the age of a tree.

C) a device for calculating the number of leaves on a tree.

D) a small wood drill.

E) an electronic instrument used for determining if the wood of a tree is healthy.

20) This tissue is responsible for the production of cork cells.

A) procambium

B) phellem

C) phylogene

D) phellogen

E) phelloderm

21) Retardation of water loss by cork cells is provided by

A) suberin and waxes.

B) lignin.

C) compressed tissue layers.

D) stomates.

E) Both compressed tissue layers and stomates are correct.

22) Which of the following statements pertaining to monocots is true?

A) They have no vascular cambium.

B) Their vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.

C) Most of them are woody.

D) They have a definite cortex and pith.

E) Their stems generally have conspicuous cork.

23) Which of the following function primarily in the lateral conduction of food in a stem?

A) resin canals

B) laticifers

C) tyloses

D) lenticels

E) rays

24) The tyloses that prevent conduction of any kind in wood are most frequently found in

A) laticifers.

B) sieve-tube elements.

C) resin canals.

D) cork cells.

E) xylem cells.

25) In woody dicots, which of the following may eventually be crushed as secondary growth occurs?

A) secondary xylem

B) cork

C) cork cambium

D) cortex

E) vascular cambium

26) Which of the following would NOT be part of a stele?

A) cortex

B) primary xylem

C) primary phloem

D) pith

E) All of these answers are correct.

27) Siphonosteles occur in most

A) club mosses.

B) coniferous plants.

C) monocots.

D) ferns.

E) dicots.

28) Discrete patches of xylem and phloem found in herbaceous dicot stems are called

A) lenticels.

B) steles.

C) vascular bundles.

D) annual rings.

E) tyloses.

29) Older, nonfunctioning xylem is called

A) sapwood.

B) summer wood.

C) springwood.

D) winter wood.

E) heartwood.

30) Monocot stems have discrete regions of xylem and phloem arranged ________;  herbaceous dicot stems have discrete regions of xylem and phloem arranged ________.

A) in a ring; randomly

B) in the stem center only; in a ring directly beneath the epidermis.

C) directly beneath the epidermis; in the stem center only

D) randomly; in a ring

E) in a ring; in a ring

31) Which function does the stem have in common with the root?

A) synthesis of starch

B) photosynthesis

C) conduction

D) absorption

E) Both photosynthesis and conduction are correct.

32) The stems of all flowering plants and conifers have ________.

A) protosteles

B) siphonosteles

C) woody stems

D) eusteles

E) stems with pith

33) In a youngest portion of a woody stem, the epidermis is produced by the ________; in the older woody portion of the stem, the epidermis is replaced by cork produced by the ________.

A) protoderm; cork cambium

B) ground meristem; apical meristem

C) protoderm; vascular cambium

D) procambium; vascular cambium

E) cork cambium; protoderm

34) Horizontal stems that produce roots and shoots are

A) cladophylls

B) stolons.

C) tubers.

D) bulbs.

E) corms.

35) The "eyes" of the Irish potato are actually

A) axillary buds.

B) fibrous roots.

C) internodes.

D) adventitious roots.

E) flower buds.

36) Cone-shaped stems surrounded by many scalelike leaves that are modified for food storage are

A) bulbs.

B) corms.

C) tubers.

D) rhizomes.

E) stolons.

37) Which of the following specialized stems have relatively long internodes?

A) rhizomes

B) stolons

C) tubers

D) corms

E) bulbs

38) Which is a product of a woody stem?

A) lumber

B) turpentine

C) bottle corks

D) paper pulp

E) All of these answers are correct.

39) Which of the following have no nodes or internodes?

A) stolons

B) rhizomes

C) cladophylls

D) tubers

E) None of these answers are correct.

40) You can determine whether an unknown plant structure that you dig up is a stem or root by ________.

A) determining whether it is divided into nodes and internodes

B) checking for the presence of a root cap

C) checking for the presence of woody tissue and bark

D) determining if the structure has protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium

E) checking to see if it produces lateral roots with root hairs

41) Specialized stems may function ________.

A) as photosynthetic organs

B) for food storage

C) for water storage

D) for protection

E) All of these are functions of certain specialized stems.

42) A very thin sheet of desirable wood that is carefully cut so as to produce the best possible view of the grain and then glued to cheaper lumber is called

A) excelsior.

B) cooperage.

C) quartersawed wood.

D) veneer.

E) piling wood.

43) A wood's capacity to withstand decay organisms is referred to as its

A) density.

B) specific gravity.

C) durability.

D) seasoning capacity.

E) charcoal capacity.

44) Wood cells are composed primarily of cellulose and

A) lignin.

B) pectin.

C) starch.

D) glucose.

E) suberin.

45) The bases of lost branches that have become covered over with new annual rings of wood are called

A) veneer.

B) traces.

C) seasoned wood.

D) knots.

E) lignum vitae.

46) The pattern of growth in a woody stem that allows someone to determine the age of the stem results from

A) growth of the apical meristem

B) growth of the cork cambium

C) production of spring and summer wood by vascular cambium

D) development of knots

E) All of these answers are correct.

47) When comparing woody stems to herbaceous stems, woody stems typically ________.

A) have no vascular cambium

B) produce new growth each season

C) normally live only one season

D) are usually green and soft

E) Both produce new growth each season and are usually green and soft are correct.

48) Rays consist primarily of

A) dead cells.

B) long-lived parenchyma.

C) tracheids.

D) vessel elements.

E) sieve tubes.

49) The cortex and the pith consist primarily of parenchyma cells.

50) Most stem tips have caps over them that protect them while they are growing.

51) Lenticels and stomata function in gas exchange.

52) An increment borer is a common pest of woody stems.

53) Phloem rays appear to be continuous with xylem rays.

54) The difference between the inner bark and the outer bark is that the outer bark is aged inner bark tissue.

55) Nearly all plants produce laticifers.

56) Lignin, which is found in the walls of xylem cells, makes the cells tough and hard.

57) Quartersawed boards are those that have been cut along rays, or parallel to the rays.

58) A cladophyll is a stem with thick bark.

59) Knots are branch bases that have become covered over by new wood.

60) Corms and bulbs differ in that corms have fleshy leaves whereas bulbs do not.

61) Specialized stems that aid grape vines and Boston ivy in climbing are called stipules.

62) Roots produced on rhizomes are adventitious.

63) Monocot plants frequently develop woody stems.