Ch5 Roots And Soils Full Test Bank

Stern's Introductory Plant Biology, 14e (Bidlack)

Chapter 5 Roots and Soils

1) A root system may function in which of the following?

A) anchorage and storage

B) growth

C) absorption and conduction

D) production of new roots

E) All of the answers are correct.

2) In addition to anchoring a plant, roots usually function directly in which of the following processes?

A) photosynthesis

B) production of new leaves

C) production of bud scales

D) absorption of minerals in solution

E) All of these answers are correct.

3) Typical root systems form up to ________ of the total dry biomass of a plant.

A) one tenth

B) one fifth

C) one fourth

D) one third

E) one half

4) Which of the following is a part of the embryo of a seed?

A) root hairs

B) radicle

C) fibrous roots

D) taproot

E) adventitious roots

5) ________ root systems develop from the radicle.

A) Adventitious

B) Climbing

C) Stem cutting

D) Fibrous

E) Taproot

6) Roots that develop from an organ OTHER than an existing root are called

A) root hairs

B) fibrous roots

C) radicle

D) adventitious roots

E) primary root

7) Monocots, such as grasses, usually have ________ root systems.

A) simple, straight

B) taproot

C) fibrous

D) secondary

E) aerial

8) The perception of gravity by a root takes place in

A) root hairs.

B) the region of elongation.

C) the region of cell division (apical meristem).

D) the region of maturation.

E) the root cap.

9) In traversing the root to the central xylem vessels, the last living tissue that water passes through before entering the xylem is the

A) endodermis.

B) pericycle.

C) cortex.

D) phloem.

E) epidermis.

10) Cells of the apical meristem

A) have large vacuoles.

B) divide at a fairly steady rate.

C) have little to do with the root cap.

D) are generally cuboidal in shape.

E) have no nuclei.

11) The tissue adjacent to the endodermis toward the center of a root is the

A) cortex.

B) pith.

C) pericycle.

D) xylem.

E) phloem.

12) Which of the following cells is relatively thin-walled?

A) stone cell

B) fiber

C) tracheid

D) vessel element

E) passage cell

13) Which of the following tissues is common in roots but not in stems?

A) endodermis

B) parenchyma

C) cortex

D) epidermis

E) pith

14) Parts of the pericycle and parenchyma between the arms of xylem and patches of phloem in young roots of many dicots and conifers become

A) cork cambium.

B) endodermis.

C) cortex.

D) vascular cambium.

E) Casparian strips.

15) The most abundant cell type in periderm is

A) parenchyma.

B) collenchyma.

C) cork.

D) vessel elements.

E) ray initials.

16) When trees undergo root grafting with one another, an unfortunate result can be

A) strangling of one tree by another.

B) disease spreads to healthy trees.

C) insufficient food for all the trees.

D) fewer leaves on the trees.

E) the development of thinner bark.

17) Root hairs are prominent in the

A) root cap.

B) apical meristem.

C) region of elongation.

D) root axils.

E) region of maturation.

18) The perception of gravity by roots is aided by

A) amyloplasts.

B) chloroplasts.

C) chromoplasts.

D) leucoplasts.

E) gravoplasts.

19) Rhythmic cell divisions in young roots often

A) occur about once a week.

B) reach a peak once or twice a day.

C) peak several times during a 24-hour period.

D) result in a given root growing several meters a day.

E) do not occur in monocots.

20) Cells of an endodermis that do not have Casparian strips are

A) sieve-tube elements.

B) tracheids.

C) fibers.

D) collenchyma.

E) passage cells.

21) The tissue in which a cork cambium first develops in woody dicot roots is the

A) pericycle.

B) endodermis.

C) primary xylem.

D) primary phloem.

E) cortex.

22) Cells of the root cap ease the growth of young roots through the soil by ________.

A) secreting slippery lipids like waxes

B) producing oils

C) producing a mucilaginous lubricant

D) forcing a passage between soil particles

E) none of the above

23) The region of cell division in a root is also known as ________.

A) the root apical meristem

B) shoot apical meristem

C) region of root hair production

D) zone of elongation

E) endodermis

24) The region of elongation is characterized by ________.

A) root hair production

B) development of the root cap

C) producing ground meristem

D) production of branch roots

E) increase in size of cells

25) How do lateral roots differ from root hairs?

A) Lateral roots have a root cap; root hairs do not.

B) Lateral roots are formed of many cells; root hairs are a single cell.

C) Lateral roots form from the pericycle; root hairs develop in region of maturation.

D) Lateral roots may live for many months; root hairs live for a few days.

E) All of the above are true.

26) How does monocot root structure differ from dicot root structure?

A) Monocot endodermis cells lack a Casparian strip.

B) Dicot roots lack a central pith region.

C) Monocot roots usually form a tap root system.

D) Dicot roots do not form branch roots.

E) There is no structural difference between monocot and dicot root systems.

27) Root hairs are found in the region of the root called the

A) root cap.

B) apical meristem.

C) region of elongation.

D) region of maturation.

E) endodermis.

28) This tissue (region) is present in monocot roots but absent in dicot roots.

A) phloem

B) epidermis

C) cortex

D) xylem

E) pith

29) One unique function of the root cap is

A) the sensing of a gravitational force.

B) production of root hairs.

C) formation of bud scales.

D) production of an ion barrier.

E) Both the sensing of a gravitational force and production of root hairs are correct.

30) Root hairs

A) are specialized epidermal cells.

B) are covered with a waxy cuticle.

C) increase the surface area for absorption of water.

D) live only one day.

E) Both are specialized epidermal cells and increase the surface area for absorption of water are correct.

31) Stored food, especially starch and other carbohydrates in storage roots, can be found in this tissue of a root:

A) endodermis.

B) epidermis.

C) pericycle.

D) cortex.

E) cork.

32) A unique feature of the pericycle is

A) its retention of meristematic potential.

B) the production of lateral roots.

C) the presence of a Casparian strip.

D) its location next to the epidermis.

E) Both its retention of meristematic potential and the production of lateral roots are correct.

33) Which of the following is NOT a specialized root?

A) branch or lateral roots

B) food storage root of sweet potato

C) prop root of corn

D) contractile roots 

E) propagative roots

34) Specialized roots that permit aquatic plants to facilitate gas exchange are called

A) velamen roots.

B) water-storage roots.

C) buttress roots.

D) pneumatophores.

E) prop roots.

35) Buds that develop on roots are referred to as

A) axillary.

B) terminal.

C) intrusive.

D) adventitious.

E) pseudobuds.

36) Mycorrhizae roots are those that

A) have a symbiotic association with fungi.

B) have a symbiotic association with nitrogen fixing bacteria.

C) contain hyphae of parasitic fungi.

D) are above ground roots that serve to support the stem.

E) are propagative roots.

37) Which statement about mycorrhizae is INCORRECT?

A) The type of mycorrhizae in which the fungi invade the plant cells is called endotrophic.

B) Only the plants benefit from a mycorrhizae association.

C) Ectotrophic mycorrhizae do not enter the tree root cells.

D) Mycorrhizae benefit both the plants and the fungi..

E) Mycorrhizae are essential for normal growth and development of trees and many herbaceous plants.

38) The rootlike projections of parasitic plants that develop along their stems and penetrate the host plants' tissues are called

A) parenchyma.

B) mycorrhizae.

C) haustoria.

D) mutualistic.

E) aerial roots.

39) Which of the following is/are absent in dicot roots?

A) xylem

B) phloem

C) epidermis

D) cortex

E) nodes

40) Which of the following spices or flavorings is obtained from roots?

A) sarsaparilla

B) angelica

C) licorice

D) sassafras

E) All of these answers are correct.

41) People harvest the storage roots of biennials such as ________ for their food value.

A) carrots

B) licorice

C) reserpine

D) rotenone

E) All of these answers are correct.

42) Which soil horizon is the most important agriculturally?

A) A horizon

B) B horizon

C) C horizon

D) D horizon

E) both B horizon and C horizon are correct.

43) The best soil for plant growth is

A) clay.

B) sand.

C) loam.

D) peat.

E) both clay and sand are correct.

44) Water that drains out of the pores in soils after a rain is called

A) capillary water.

B) gravitational water.

C) hygroscopic water.

D) field capacity.

E) available water.

45) Good agricultural soils are granular soils with pore spaces that occupy which of the following percentages of the total volume of the soil?

A) 10% to 20%

B) 20% to 30%

C) 40% to 60%

D) 60% to 70%

E) None of these answers are correct.

46) The arrangement of soil particles into groups called aggregates refers to

A) soil structure.

B) soil texture.

C) parent material.

D) micelles.

E) soil nutrients.

47) What does too much water do to the soil?

A) depletes mineral nutrients

B) slows mineralization

C) interferes with plant growth

D) accelerates the breakdown of nitrates

E) All of these answers are correct.

48) In a soil profile, topsoil is called the

A) A horizon.

B) B horizon.

C) C horizon.

D) parent material.

E) metamorphic quotient.

49) Soil water between field capacity and the permanent wilting point is called

A) hygroscopic water.

B) gravitational water.

C) capillary water.

D) intermediate water.

E) available water.

50) A root hair consists of a short row of cells.

51) Pith tissue is absent in dicot roots.

52) Soil parent material extends down to bedrock.

53) Soils in low wet areas tend to contain hardly any organic matter.

54) Clay particles have negative electric charge which tend to retard water drainage and retain positively charged ions.

55) A colloid is a mixture of water and particles that are smaller than average molecules in size.

56) Soil bacteria and fungi are important components of soil because they contribute to soil porosity and release useable minerals by decomposing organic matter.

57) Liming is used to counteract soil acidity.

58) The protective suberin bands called Casparian strips are confined to the cells of the epidermis.

59) Branch roots arise from buds initiated on the outer surface of a root.

60) When a seed germinates, the part of the embryo that develops into the first root is called a radicle.

61) Outer cells of the root cap secrete mucilage.

62) Haustoria and mycorrhizae are two examples of tap roots.

63) Grasses generally produce a fibrous root system.

64) Casparian strips are composed primarily of suberin.

65) Natural grafting between roots of different trees of the same species is well known in the tropics.

66) In dicot roots the xylem is formed in discrete patches.

67) Contractile roots are common in woody plants.

68) Plant root systems can detect and respond to gravity within 30 minutes to a few hours.

69) The function of mycorrhizae fungi is to facilitate uptake and availability of water and minerals, especially phosphorous.

70) The vascular tissue of a new lateral (branch) root connects with the vascular tissue of the older root for continuous conduction of water and minerals.

71) The term saprophyte is correctly applied to plants such as orchids that grow on other plants and obtain water and nutrients from the air and/or rain.