Test Bank Answers Solid And Hazardous Waste Ch21

CHAPTER 21—SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Much of the e-waste in the United States not buried or burned is ____.

2. E-waste can be recycled to extract ____.

3. Which industrialized nation has refused to sign the International Basel Convention to reduce and/or control movement of hazardous e-waste across international boundaries?

4. What percentage of e-waste components contain materials that could be recycled or reused?

5. Dry cell batteries and household pesticides are classified as ____.

6. Wastes produced by mines, farms, and industry is called ____.

7. The world’s largest producer of municipal solid waste (MSW) is ____.

8. Which is least characteristic of hazardous waste?

9. In the United States, most hazardous waste is produced which industries?

10. Waste that includes paper, food wastes, cans, bottles, yard waste, glass, wood, and similar items is called ____.

11. Hazardous waste includes radioactive wastes, which need to be stored safely for as long as ____.

12. Taking a refillable coffee cup to the office and using it instead of throwaway cups is an example of ____.

13. Which activity is the least desirable from an environmental standpoint?

14. Garbologists have discovered that trash in landfills is slow to decompose. Why is this?

15. Which strategy would be least effective for industry and communities in their efforts to reduce resource use, waste, and pollution?

16. One way to deal with the creation of solid wastes is to reduce the environmental impact without trying to reduce the amount of waste produced. This is called ____.

17. One way to deal with the creation of solid wastes begins with the question “How can we avoid producing so much solid waste?” This approach is called ____.

18. The recycling and composting rate of U.S. municipal solid waste is about ____.

19. Which material takes the longest to break down?

20. Which material would not be dumped in the compost pile?

21. In an integrated waste management approach to solid waste, which action would be given last priority?

22. At the checkout counter, an environmentalist is most likely to say, “____.”

23. Plastic is made from ____.

24. For recycling to be successful, three steps must be applied consistently. The three steps, in order of application, are ____.

25. Consumers of recycled products are most effective when they maximize the amount of ____ waste in the products they buy.

26. The majority of recyclable wastes are ____.

27. Which strategy would be most likely to discourage reuse and recycling?

28. Reusing items over and over provides several advantages. What is not one of these?

29. Materials that are recycled into products of the same type are undergoing ____.

30. One advantage on materials recovery facilities (MRFs) is that ____.

31. A more sustainable approach to hazardous waste management is least likely to involve ____.

32. One characteristic of waste-to-energy incineration is that it ____.

33. Sanitary landfills typically have problems with ____.

34. Filtration and distillation are ____ methods for detoxifying hazardous waste.

35. One advantage of bioremediation over physical and chemical methods of cleaning up hazardous wastes is that ____.

36. The ____ is used in the U.S. to regulate hazardous waste.

37. What is an example of an organic contaminant?

38. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a plasma torch to detoxify hazardous waste?

39. Which type of method uses natural or genetically engineered plants to absorb, filter, and remove contaminants from soil and water?

40. What is the most common method of storage of hazardous wastes used in most countries of the world?

41. What is an advantage of deep-well disposal of liquid hazardous wastes?

42. Of the following methods of dealing with hazardous wastes, the most desirable is ____.

43. Outputs of hazardous waste can be reduced by relying less on ____ and more on ____.

44. ____ are lined ponds, pits, or lagoons where liquid hazardous wastes are stored.

45. Which method is not used to detoxify hazardous and toxic wastes?

46. Which statement about “bottle bills” is true?

47. Which principle about the transition to a low-waste society is false?

48. One method of biomimicry, in which the wastes produced by one manufacturer become the raw materials for another manufacturer, is called ____.

49. Upcycling is an example of ____.

50. Polluting factories, hazardous waste dumps, incinerators, and landfills in the U.S. are located least in communities populated by ____.

1. The European Union has an approach to e-waste, known as the cradle-to-grave approach, which requires manufacturers to provide health benefits from cradle-to-grave.

2. Newspapers from 50 years ago may still be readable because trash can resist decomposition for centuries if it is not exposed to air, sunlight, water, and bacteria.

3. Most environmental scientists call for a much greater emphasis on waste reduction than waste disposal.

4. Integrated Waste Management involves using strategies for waste disposal and waste reduction.

5. Reusing products can be a health hazard for the poor in developing countries who dismantle products with hazardous materials to extract usable parts.

6. Plastics are routinely recycled because they are composed of pure resins that can be extracted and used for other plastic products.

7. Large companies make more money by producing and shipping throwaway beverage and food containers from centralized facilities.

8. The products of composting can be used to slow soil erosion, retain water, and improve crop yields.

9. It is currently impossible to separate plastics from each other by type and grade in a mixed waste stream.

10. The incineration of hazardous wastes is quick, conserves space, and reduces waste volume but is not used because of the increased water pollution that results.

11. At sanitary landfills, consideration of leachate is of most importance as far as environmental preservation is concerned.

12. Burial or long-term storage of hazardous waste is the first priority for environmental scientists.

13. NIMBY calls for drastically reducing production of toxic and hazardous wastes by emphasizing pollution prevention and using the precautionary principle.

14. Large beverage industries have used their political and financial clout to force most U.S. states to pass bottle bills.

15. It is likely that every person on the earth has detectable levels of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in their body.

1. ____________________ is the fastest-growing solid waste problem in the United States and in the world.

2. ____________________ is the combined solid waste produced by homes and workplaces.

3. Most analysts call for using ____________________, which is a variety of strategies for both waste reduction and waste management.

4. From an environmental standpoint, the first two Rs, ____________________ and ____________________, are better alternatives because they are input or prevention approaches.

5. ____________________ laws require companies to take back various consumer products instead of having them put in landfills or incinerated.

6. ____________________ is a form of recycling that mimics nature’s recycling of nutrients.

7. Of the two types of recyclable waste, _______________ waste makes up more than three-fourths of the total.

8. About 67% by weight of MSW in the U.S. is buried in ____________________, which have liner containment systems on the sides and bottom.

9. ____________________ incinerators produce less greenhouse gases and other air pollutants than do modern landfills.

10. One third of industrial hazardous wastes in the European Union are sold as ____________________ for use by other industries.

11. ____________________ involves using natural or genetically engineered plants to absorb, filter, and remove contaminants.

12. ____________________ utilizes bacteria and enzymes instead of plants to filter or destroy hazardous substances.

13. _______________ is the science and art of discovering and using natural principles to help solve human problems.

14. ____________ ____________ is an ideal where every person is entitle to protection from environmental hazards regardless of race, gender, or other factors.

15. A(n) ________________ waste collection system charges consumers for the amount of waste they throw away.

1. Choose the letter that represents photostabilization.

2. Choose the letter that represents phytoextraction.

3. Choose the letter that represents rhizofiltration.

4. Choose the letter that represents phytodegredation.

1. What are the differences between solid wastes and hazardous wastes?

2. Waste reduction is based on the four Rs: refuse, reduce, reuse, and recycle. From an environmental perspective, why is recycling the least preferred of these options?

3. There are numerous strategies for reducing the output of solid waste and subsequent pollution it causes. What are four steps individuals can take to prevent and reduce the production of solid waste?

1. Follow the four Rs.

2. Rent, borrow, and barter for items when you can, and sell or donate unwanted, used items.

3. Determine if an item is something you really need.

4. Buy items that are reusable, recyclable, and compostable. Follow through by reusing, recycling, and composting.

5. Buy products with minimal packaging.

6. Avoid disposable items.

7. Avoid cooking with processed foods, and buy in bulk when feasible.

8. Discontinue junk mail, and read online books, magazines, and newspapers.

PTS: 1 TOP: 21-2 How Should We Deal with Solid Waste?

KEY: Bloom's: Analyze NOT: New

4. Households and workplaces produce five major types of recyclable materials. What are these materials?

5. The majority of municipal solid waste generated in the U.S. is stored in sanitary landfills. What are the advantages and disadvantages of storing waste at these sites?

1. Recycling, despite its economic, health and environmental benefits, does have critics. What do critics say are the disadvantages of recycling?