Chapter.20 Water Pollution Full Test Bank 18th Edition

CHAPTER 20—WATER POLLUTION

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Of the following organisms, what is the group that is least likely to cause disease?

2. A good indicator of water quality is the number of ____.

3. A body of water can be depleted of its oxygen by ____.

4. Which of the following is a point source of water pollution?

5. Which of the following is a nonpoint source of water pollution?

6. Oxygen sag curves occur when ____.

7. In most developed countries, large fish kills and contamination of drinking water are not caused by ____.

8. In cities of less-developed countries, stream pollution is largely ____.

9. Which statement about lakes is true?

10. The natural nutrient enrichment of a shallow lake, estuary, or slow moving stream is called ____.

11. In cultural eutrophication, fish die from ____.

12. Cultural eutrophication can not be prevented by ____.

13. Which statement about the Gulf of Mexico’s “Dead Zone” is false?

14. The Great Lakes possess ____% of all the surface fresh water in the United States.

15. The Great Lakes are sensitive to pollution because less than 1% of the water that enters the lakes leaves via the ____ River.

16. How long does it take for pollutants to be flushed out of the Great Lakes into the ocean?

17. The biggest threat to water quality in the Great Lakes is from ____.

18. The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the U.S. and Canada improved water quality by ____.

19. Drinking water for about ____ of the U.S. population and ____ of the rural populations comes from groundwater.

20. Contaminated groundwater cannot cleanse itself. Why?

21. Groundwater is primarily stored in underground ____.

22. During this century, scientists expect to find many millions of ____ to become a major global health problem.

23. Natural and anthropogenic sources of ____ contaminated groundwater are a global problem that results in hundreds of thousands of premature deaths.

24. The most effective way to protect groundwater is to ____.

25. What is an ineffective method of purifying water for drinking?

26. Storing drinking water in a reservoir is beneficial because it ____.

27. What percentage of expensive bottled water is actually bottled tap water?

28. Which statement about the disadvantages of bottled water is false?

29. In the U.S., drinking water quality is primarily regulated under the ____.

30. What percentage of the people using coastal beaches in the United States developed ear infections, sore throats, eye irritations, respiratory disease, or gastrointestinal disease from swimming in seawater contaminated by infectious viruses and bacteria?

31. Wetlands, estuaries, mangrove swamps, and coral reefs are examples of ____.

32. Algal blooms created from excessive agricultural and sewage runoffs is least likely to cause _____.

33. What percentage of the world's population lives on or near the coast?

34. The majority of the oil pollution of the ocean comes from ____.

35. The most common problem encountered by seabirds coated with oil is ____.

36. The oil company responsible for the oil spill of the Valdez was ____.

37. The primary cause of BP’s Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was ____.

38. Agricultural runoff would be increased if farmers ____.

39. About ____ of U.S. lakes were tested unsafe for fishing, swimming, and other recreational uses.

40. The Clean Water Act could be strengthened by ____.

41. In a septic tank system, which of the following is false?

42. Which type of sewage treatment is properly matched with its process?

43. In the sewage treatment process, the purpose of chlorination involves ____.

44. The primary drawback of waterless, odorless composting toilet systems is that they ____.

45. The individual matters in terms of what can be done to help reduce water pollution. Pollution will not, however, be reduced if we ____.

46. The Gulf of Mexico’s “Dead Zone” is caused by high levels of ____ in the Mississippi River.

47. Dead zones are characterized by a lack of ____.

48. Dead zones have a detrimental impact on ____.

49. What is by far the leading cause of water pollution?

50. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates how many people on the earth do not have access to clean drinking water?

1. Agricultural activities are by far the leading cause of water pollution.

2. Parking lots are a major source of point source pollution for rivers and lakes.

3. Climate change contributes to water pollution in some areas by altering the levels of precipitation.

4. Eutrophic lakes have murky, highly productive waters located closest to the wetland status in which many clear-water species cannot survive.

5. Eutrophication can be reversed if nutrient inputs are sharply reduced, but it takes a relatively long time to reverse the damage.

6. The invasion by zebra mussels into The Great Lakes is an example of pollution.

7. Cold temperatures of groundwater slow down the chemical reactions that decompose wastes.

8. Arsenic in the drinking water is not a concern in the United States.

9. Placing contaminated water in a clear plastic bottle and exposing it to the sun can kill infectious microbes in as little as three hours.

10. Though it would be cheaper and as effective to protect watersheds around water sources rather than building treatment facilities, no major city has made the attempt to do so.

11. Developing countries dump the majority of their untreated sewage directly into freshwater ecosystems.

12. The Exxon Valdez oil spill best illustrates point source water pollution.

13. Scientists fear the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico could reach a tipping point beyond which the ecosystem could collapse.

14. Red, brown, and green toxic tides can release waterborne and airborne toxins that poison fish, shellfish, birds, and humans who eat seafood.

15. About 45% of the largest water polluters in the U.S. have declared the Clean Water Act no longer applies to water they are polluting.

1. ____________________ are dilute sources of pollution that are difficult and expensive to diagnose and even more difficult to control.

2. _______________ is any change in water quality that can harm living organisms or make the water unfit for human uses.

3. The extents of ____________________ are difficult to measure since they consist of tiny particles of plastic suspended below water.

4. Worldwide, ____________________, caused mostly by exposure to polluted water, on average kills a young child every 18 seconds.

5. The leading cause of water pollution is ____________________ activities.

6. The breakdown of biodegradable wastes by bacteria depletes oxygen and may create a(n) ____________________.

7. An important indicator of water quality is the level of ____________________, which changes due to the oxygen demand of breaking down biodegradable wastes.

8. Human activities can greatly accelerate ____________________ by increasing the rate at which nutrients and organic substances enter aquatic ecosystems from surrounding land.

9. One-fifth of all the freshwater in the world is contained in the ____________________ of the United States.

10. In parts of the U.S. thousands of new well are being drilled to extract natural gas via the process of ____________________, which scientists fear may threaten groundwater.

11. Groundwater dispersing a pollutant creates a(n) ____________________, which, if it reaches a well, can get into drinking water.

12. The Clean Water Act of 1974 requires the EPA to establish national drinking water standards, called ____________________, for any harmful pollutants.

13. ____________________, which produce as much waste as a small city, often dump these wastes at sea, even though it is illegal in U.S. waters.

14. Oxygen depleted zones form around the world, occurring mostly in ____________________ waters and in landlocked seas.

15. According to a 2007 government study, tens of thousands of ____________________ in 43 states are leaking.

1. In which zone are wastes being decomposed and low-oxygen fishes present?

2. In which zone has the stream recovered, with a return of clean water organisms?

3. In which zone has the stream begun to return a normal status following the oxygen sag?

4. In which zone are organisms that require oxygen most likely to be absent?

1. How do point and non-point sources differ? Give one example of each.

2. Explain how algae blooms form and how they contribute to the creation of dead zones.

3. Why is it difficult to clean groundwater?

1. It flows slowly, so pollutants are not dispersed evenly.

2. It doesn’t contain much dissolved oxygen, which slows decomposition.

3. Groundwater temperatures are cold, which further slows decomposition.

PTS: 1 TOP: 20-3 What Are the Major Pollution Problems Affecting Groundwater?

KEY: Bloom's: Remember NOT: New

4. How is water purified in more developed countries like the U.S.?

5. Although bottled water is convenient, it is 240-10,000 times more expensive than tap water. Other than cost, what are the drawbacks to using bottled water?

1. Most bottles end up in landfills or incinerators.

2. The manufacture and transportation of bottles requires large quantities of energy.

3. Toxic gases are released during manufacturing and greenhouse gases are released when bottles are transported.

4. Water withdrawals are depleting some aquifers.

5. Chemicals like BPA in the bottles can leach into the water and enter humans.

PTS: 1 TOP: 20-3 What Are the Major Pollution Problems Affecting Groundwater?

KEY: Bloom's: Understand NOT: New

ESSAY

1. The United Nations reports that each year unsafe water kills more people than all the wars and other forms of violence. Explain why unsafe water is such a major problem.

1. poverty

2. human and animal wastes are often deposited or washed into water. These wastes may contain infectious disease organisms which are transmitted to humans who drink untreated water.

3 . humans have considered streams, lakes, and oceans as convenient dumping grounds for sewage and other pollutants. The increasing human population makes this a dangerous concept, threatening the health of humans and the waters we pollute.

4. secondary and tertiary water treatment facilities are expensive to build and maintain, making them a luxury in many less-developed countries. Without these facilities the populations of these countries are vulnerable to the infectious agents.

5. the most vulnerable populations will be the weak, the aged, and children. Diarrhea is the most common killer of young children.

PTS: 1 OBJ: Critical Thinking

TOP: 20-1 What Are the Causes and Effects of Water Pollution?

NOT: